goal was to identify errors and improve the
prototype's source code before submitting to users,
avoiding errors that could be fixed before the tests had
started.
4.1 The First Prototype Version
The prototype was made contemplating the
information obtained in the development strategies,
for example, the use of “Tab index”, which permits
the user to navigate the content in a sequential way;
buttons with the functions to increase or decrease the
typography size in the screen, as well as, alternate
between more contrasting colors in the interface,
allowing users with visual impairment improve the
readability of the content as they need; division of the
content in blocks containing areas of information,
making the navigation between content easier;
alternate describing text for images, by using the
attribute “alt”; website responsiveness to make a
readable and logical content website if it be resized;
insert focus on content; link that allows the user to
explore more about the information described - this
option, added to the end of the paragraph, is clicked
when the user accesses a small block of text and wants
to know more about it.
In order to observe the use of the site,
Comprehension Test and Key Test were performed
with users of an association of the blind and visually
impaired (Krug, 2014). The Comprehension test’s
objective is to allow users navigate in the website and
observe/ask if they understand what is its meaning
and organization. The Key-Task test is used to verify
if users can accomplish previous elected tasks on the
website
The content of website was related to soccer
teams, soap opera, crafts, etc. In the Key-Task test
was requested that the user navigate the website to
find a specific topic about a determined subject, e.g.,
to find a resume about a soap opera. While the users
were doing the required tasks to accomplish the
result, observation of the process and behavior of the
users took place.
The user group was composed of 4 males and 2
females. They interacted with the website through a
screen reader called NVDA (NVDA, 2017).
User 1 was a male blind person, with knowledge
in internet navigation for reading e-emails, working,
playing game and talking using chats and Skype. He
has experience with various screen readers, such as
Dosvox, NVDA and Virtual Vision.
User 2 (male) was a blind person, with little
knowledge in computer use. He was doing a typing
course at the time the test were done. The test was his
first access to a website, and he had difficulty with the
keyboard, not having memorized the localization of
important keys like “Tab” and “Enter”.
User 3 (female) was also blind, and had
knowledge in internet navigation for reading e-emails
and news using screen readers such as Jaws and
NVDA.
From the rest of the users in the group, two of
them had low vision, being one of them the User 4
(male), who had 20% of vision capacity and little
familiarity with computers, and at the time of the test,
just starting web navigation classes. The other low
vision user, User 5 (male), had 10% vision capacity
in the right eye, and 5% in the left eye. User 5 already
was familiar with computer use and could access
news websites and social networks. The last user in
the group, User 6 (female), was blind and no
familiarity with computer use, and was just starting
typing classes.
During the tests, only User 2 could not figure out
the website’s objective and neither accomplishes the
requested task. The other users did finish the
presented task.
After the ending of the tests, the users could point
out any difficulties they had during the website
navigation:
1 – By using “Tab”, the screen reader NVDA
could read the information displayed, but the same
task was unsuccessful when using the keyboard
arrows instead, like or . For example, there were
some options as A+ to increase size in the screen and
A- to decrease it.
The describing information in the HTML tag was
presented to the user when he navigated using “Tab”,
i.e., NVDA could read the meaning increase or
decrease; on the other hand, with the arrows only the
raw content of the tag was presented, as A and A for
both options, providing no useful context to the user.
2 – Users did not know how to use the Access key,
which are shortcut keys for accessing options, for
example, by pressing Alt + A to access the
“Artesanato” menu, in English Crafts menu.
With respect to the tests carried out, it allowed to
analyze the results, as well as to develop a second
version of the prototype, which sought to improve the
user interaction with the system.
4.2 The Second Prototype Version
Through the analysis of the previous user group tests
and observation of these users and others who were
part of the same organization, while they used various
websites, including Facebook and Gmail,
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