Multiple Linear Regression Modeling of Brachen Water Quality

Parameters for Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation

Mat Syai’in

, Kevin Jonathan

, Farrel Muhammad Al Fatih

, Siti Azzalea Anisa

Izmi Duwi Cahyaningsih

, Muhammad Hizbul Aziz

, Faris Robby Zakariya

Ryan Yudha Adhitya

, Nasyith Hananur Rohiem

2,4 c

, Mardlijah

and Adi Soeprijanto

Teknik Otomasi, Teknik Kelistrikan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya,

Jl. Teknik Kimia, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya-Indonesia

Teknik Sistem Tenaga, Teknik Elektro, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,

Jl. Teknik Kimia, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya-Indonesia

Teknik Matematika, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Teknik Kimia, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya-Indonesia

Teknik Elektro, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Arif Rahman Hakim, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Salinity, Pond, Maritime, Shrimp.

Abstract: In succeeding the government plans to increase shrimp exports by 250% in 2024, the Ministry of Maritime

Affairs and Fisheries has formed a Strategic Plan, which includes One of them is the Revitalization of Ponds

in Shrimp and Milkfish Production Centre Areas, one of the goals is to increase shrimp export growth by 8%

annually. Intensive pond management in shrimp cultivation has several parameters that need to be considered

including pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity. Based on the normality test in this research shows

the P-Value values for temperature, salinity, pH, and DO data.

Each is 0.035; 0.188; 0.083; 0.2. If the P-

Value is more than 0.05 means that the salinity, pH, and DO variables are normally distributed. Based on the

simultaneous test, it can be seen that the value of Fcount is 596,646 and Ftable with degrees of freedom (df),

for df1 = 4 and df2 = 53. Thus, Fcount > Ftable so that H0 is rejected, meaning that the variables temperature,

salinity, pH, and DO have a jointly significant effect on the shrimp age variable.

1 INTRODUCTION

In succeeding the National Development Agenda, in

which the government plans to increase shrimp

exports by 250% in 2024, the Ministry of Maritime

Affairs and Fisheries has formed a Strategic Plan for

the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, which

includes Major Projects. One of them is the

Revitalization of Ponds in Shrimp and Milkfish

Production Centre Areas, one of the goals is to

increase shrimp export growth by 8% annually. Total

shrimp production in 2019 was 517,397 tons a year,

while the expected increase in shrimp production in

2024 was 772,608 tons (Kementrian Koordinator

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-4487

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-9963

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-3140

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-407X

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-1928

Bidang Maritim dan Investasi Deputi Bidang

Koordinasi Sumber Daya Maritim, 2020).

In shrimp cultivation, choosing the type of shrimp

is very important to get more efficient pond results.

According to Dermawan (2004) and Riani, et al

(2012) vannamei shrimp have advantages over other

types of shrimp, including being able to produce

larger production of up to 10-20 tons per hectare,

vannamei shrimp can be harvested faster (<120 days),

vannamei shrimp are more resistant to disease, and

vannamei can live in more open spaces. In addition to

the type of shrimp, pond management methods also

greatly affect the production of ponds, and shrimp

pond management methods are carried out

conventionally or intensively.

Syai’in, M., Jonathan, K., Fatih, F., Anisa, S., Cahyaningsih, I., Aziz, M., Zakariya, F., Adhitya, R., Rohiem, N., Mardlijah, . and Soeprijanto, A.

Multiple Linear Regression Modeling of Brachen Water Quality Parameters for Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation.

DOI: 10.5220/0012115900003680

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology (ICATECH 2023), pages 107-112

ISBN: 978-989-758-663-7; ISSN: 2975-948X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

107

In intensive pond management, there are several

parameters that need to be considered to maintain

water quality, good water quality will greatly affect

pond production, and parameters that must be

maintained include pH, dissolved oxygen,

temperature, and salinity. This data was measured

using a dissolved oxygen meter to measure dissolved

oxygen levels, a thermometer to measure water

temperature, a refractometer to measure water

salinity, and a pH meter to measure the pH value in

ponds. These parameters are used as primary data to

be analyzed using multiple linear regression.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Vannamei Shrimp Habitat

Shrimp is a type of animal that lives in waters,

especially rivers, seas, or lakes. Shrimp can be found

in almost all large "puddles" of water, both

freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater at varying

depths (0.5-1.5 meters), from near the surface to

several thousand meters below the surface (1, 1-1.5

meters). Shrimp is usually used as seafood (seafood)

(Dermawan A. & Herman, 2004). Water as a medium

in which aquatic organisms live needs to be

maintained in terms of quality and quantity because it

affects the lives of these organisms. Water quality

includes the physics and chemistry of water,

including ammonia, temperature, pH, and dissolved

oxygen (DO), all of which are related to fish

production. A bad environment or sudden changes

trigger fish to experience stress so that they are

susceptible to parasitic and non-parasitic diseases,

even death is possible. Several parameters of water

quality in a pond expanse in the form of living

elements, both flora, fauna, and humans, form a

biological environment (biotic). While non-living

elements (physics-chemical components) are non-

living (abiotic) environments, attention must be paid

to support the life of the organisms in them, including

natural shrimp, including Physical Environmental

Parameters (Tides, Water Temperature, Salinity,

Brightness). Water Chemical Parameters (Dissolved

Oxygen, Acidity, Nitrates, Phosphates) and

Biological Parameters (Plankton). A good

environment for cultivation is when these factors

affect each other in balance and at optimal

concentration conditions (Raharjo, 2003).

2.2 Parameter

Parameters in measuring the quality of brackish water

in vannamei shrimp cultivation are classified into 2,

namely physical and chemical parameters, as follows:

2.2.1 Physics Parameters

a) Temperature

According to Haliman and Adijaya (2005), the

optimal temperature for shrimp growth is between

-32

C. If the temperature is more than the

optimum number, the metabolism in the shrimp's

body will take place quickly. At temperatures below

C, the shrimp's appetite decreases, corrective

actions needs to applied, so that their appetite

improves and their body's resistance increases.

b) Salinity

Salinity is one aspect that plays an important role

because it affects the growth of shrimp. In general,

shrimp have a salinity range of 15-25 ppt so that their

growth can be optimal (Haliman dan Adijaya, 2005).

2.2.2 Chemical Parameters

a) pH

pH is the degree of acidity of pond water, the ideal pH

is between 7.5 - 8.5. Generally, the pH of pond water

in the afternoon is higher than in the morning.

Conversely, in the morning, CO2 is abundant because

of shrimp breathing (Haliman dan Adijaya, 2005). If

the pH is too high (more than 8) then the toxicity of

ammonia increases. Therefore, it is important to

maintain the pH of the water in the recirculating

system at around 7.2 in fresh water and 7.8-8.2 in

seawater. (Forteath et al .,1993). A good pH value for

an intensive system is 6.5-9 (Wedemeyer, 1996). pH

values less than 6.0 and more than 9.0 for a long time

will interfere with reproduction and growth (Boyd,

1982).

b) Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Vannamei shrimp can grow and reproduce at an

oxygen content of 4-5 ppm. During the day the pond

will have DO numbers which tend to be high due to

the process of photosynthesis of plankton which

produces oxygen. The opposite situation occurs at

night (Haliman dan Adijaya, 2005).

2.3 Measuring Instrument Parameter

2.3.1 Dissolved Oxygen Meter D-5519

This tool (fig.1) is a measuring device for oxygen and

temperature for the specifications of the tool as

follows in table 1 :

ICATECH 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology

108

Figure 1: Dissolved Oxygen Meter.

Table 1: Oxygen Meter Specifications.

Dissolved Ox

en 0-20 m

Temperature 0

–

Accurac

en 0,4 m

2.3.2 Refractometer Salinity

Figure 2: Salinity Refractometer.

A refractometer (fig.2) is a tool for measuring salinity

in a pond with the following specifications as shown

in table 2 :

Table 2: Salinity Refractometer Specifications.

Measuremen

Ran

e 0

–

10% ; 1000 -1070 SG

Measurement

Accurac

0,1%

2.3.3 Lutron pH 224

Figure 3: Lutron pH 224.

Lutron pH 224 (fig.3) is a digital pH meter that

measures the quality of brackish water in vannamei

shrimp ponds with the following specifications:

Table 3: Lutron pH 224 specifications.

Measuremen

Ran

–

14 Ph

Resolution 0,01 pH

Accurac

+- 0,2 pH

2.4 Multiple Linear Regression Method

Multiple linear regression is an algorithm used to

explore the relationship pattern between the

dependent variable and two or more independent

variables (Uyanik & Guler, 2013). The use of

multiple linear regression methods has an influence

on the quality of brackish water in vannamei shrimp

cultivation. Therefore, in this study, multiple linear

regression was used to test the correlation between

DO and age parameters.

2.5 Variable Identification

Variable identification is the stage of determining the

dependent variable and independent variables based

on data obtained from vannamei shrimp ponds.

2.6 Data Analysis

At this stage, classical assumption testing and

hypothesis testing carried out with SPSS 25 tools.

2.6.1 Classical Assumption Testing

This test consists of a normality test. The requirement

to get a good regression model is that the data

distribution is normal or close to normal. If the data is

not normally distributed, it is necessary to transform

the data first.

2.6.2 Hypothesis Test

From testing the classical assumptions on the

normality test, the next step is to find out whether the

proposed hypothesis is accepted or not, namely by

conducting a simultaneous test (F test). The F test

carried out to find out whether the independent

variable has a significant effect on the dependent

variable or not.

Multiple Linear Regression Modeling of Brachen Water Quality Parameters for Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation

109

2.7 Multiple Linear Regression

Determination

The next step is to determine the coefficients or

regression parameters with multiple linear regression

methods.

Multiple linear regression, forecasting the

dependent variable Y is obtained by forming an

equation that relates more than one variable M. Bayu

Nirwana (2021), namely X1, X2, ..., Xn. In general,

the multiple regression equation formulated by (Y. A.

Ryan, 2022):

𝑌= α+𝛽



𝑥



+𝛽



𝑥



+𝛽



𝑥



+𝑒

(1)

Calculations were carried out with the help of

SPSS 25 tools. If the calculation results are close to 1,

it means that the influence of the independent variable

on the dependent variable is large Farizal (2020),

Ahmad M. A. Zamil (2021), Yasaman Ensafi (2022),

Zhi-Ping Fan (2017). Therefore, the model used is

good for explaining the influence of these variables.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Variable Identification

The data used is monthly data, which totals 58 data.

The dependent variable in this study is the age of the

vannamei shrimp while the independent variables are

pH, salinity, DO, and temperature.

3.2 Data Analysis

Data analysis used in this study is Classical

Assumptions Test.

3.2.1 Normality Test

The normality test uses the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-

S) test with the help of SPSS 25 tools. The normality

test results for temperature data shows in the

following figure :

Figure 4: The temperature normality test.

Figure 5: The Salinity normality test.

Figure 6: The pH normality test.

ICATECH 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology

110

Figure 7: The DO normality test.

Based on Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7 P-Value values for

temperature, salinity, pH, and DO data. Each is 0.035;

0.188; 0.083; 0.2. If the P-Value is more than 0.05.

This means that the variables of salinity, pH, and DO

have a normal distribution, while the temperature

variable is not normally distributed.

3.2.2 Hypothesis Testing

Simultaneous Test (F test); the results of processing

the data for the F test with the SPSS 25 tools

presented in the following table:

Figure 8: Simultaneous Test (f test).

The initial hypothesis and the alternative

hypothesis on the F test are:

H0: the variables of temperature, salinity, pH, and DO

not have a significant effect on productivity

variables together.

H1: the variables temperature, salinity, pH, and DO

have a significant effect on the variable age

together.

Based on Fig. 8, it can be seen that the value of

mean square is 596,646 and Ftable with degrees of

freedom (df), for df1 = 4 and df2 = 53. Thus, Fcount >

Ftable so that H0 is rejected, meaning that the

variables temperature, salinity, pH, and DO have

jointly significant effect on the age variable.

3.2.3 Regression Modelling

Figure 9: Regression Modelling.

Regression modeling of brackish water quality on the

growth of vannamei shrimp culture with the equation:

𝑌 = 152.172 + 0.682𝑋



+ 0.622𝑋



− 10.479𝑋



− 11.003𝑋



(2)

The equation is obtained from the results of multiple

linear regression tests with X

: temperature, X

Salinity, X

: pH and X

: Dissolved Oxygen. Of the

four water quality parameters that are positively

correlated with shrimp age are temperature and

salinity, while negatively correlated are pH and

Dissolved oxygen. From the modeling results, the

dominant influence of brackish water quality

parameters is pH and Dissolved Oxygen. The

modeling results in Fig. 9 describe the dependent

variable, namely age as a parameter of shrimp growth

which is obtained from the regression equation

formula between actual Y and predicted Y with an

RMSE value of 5.37. From the RMSE value obtained,

it means that the prediction results are still not far

from the actual results for the age of vannamei shrimp

growth.

4 CONCLUSION

Based on the tests and analyzes that have been carried

out, the following conclusions are obtained:

1. The data from the P-Value test for the salinity

variable is 0.188, while the pH variable = 0.083,

and DO = 0.2, which means that the values for

these variables are normally distributed.

Meanwhile, the P-Value for the temperature

1 5 9 131721252933374145495357

Actual Output (Blue) Vs Predicted

Output (Orange)

Multiple Linear Regression Modeling of Brachen Water Quality Parameters for Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation

111

variable is 0.035, which means that the

temperature variable is not normally distributed.

2. Multiple linear equations can be formulated by

𝑌 = 152.172 + 0.682𝑋



+ 0.622𝑋



−

10.479𝑋



− 11.003𝑋



. So that the 𝑋



variable,

namely DO, has the greatest influence on the age

of the shrimp, and salinity has the least effect on

the age of the shrimp.

3. Multiple linear regression modeling has RMSE

value at 5.37. From the RMSE value obtained, it

means that the prediction results are still not far

from the actual results on the age of vannamei

shrimp growth.

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