Research on the Intelligence of Carbon Number in Data Center

Hongzhen Xie, Fang Zhou, Junlong Xu, Qi Chen

, Zhijun Mu and Zhisong Ge

Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, China

Keywords: Data Center, Carbon Verification, Intelligence, Monitoring Software, Accounting System.

Abstract: Introduced carbon verification in the data center and designed carbon monitoring software. Based on the R-

8555CDMA Modem wireless communication module, builds an intelligent accounting system for the energy

and carbon data of the data center, which realizes the intellectualization of the carbon emission verification

of the data center.

1 INTRODUCTION

A data center is composed of a computer site

(computer room), other infrastructure, information

system hardware and software, information resources

(data) and personnel, and corresponding rules and

regulations. It is mainly a construction site that

provides an operating environment for centralized

electronic information equipment. It can be one or

several buildings, or it can be a part of a building

(GB/T32910.1, GB 50174). As an infrastructure for

storing, processing, and utilizing computing power,

data centers can be divided into enterprise data

centers (EDCs), internet data centers (IDCs), and

other institutional data centers (Wang Jiye, 2022).

The construction of data centers is one of the

seven key construction tasks of the "new

infrastructure", and it is also the key to the digital

transformation of the economy. With the rapid

development of social economy, data centers are also

expanding rapidly. As the infrastructure of the digital

economy, data centers occupy a large area, are mostly

located in urban centers, have a large number of

devices, and consume a lot of energy. Their huge

energy demand inevitably leads to an increase in

carbon emissions. The data center industry belongs to

the consumer side of energy in energy activities. The

main sources of its energy activities include the

consumption of electrical energy in the power supply

sector and the use and consumption of diesel

generators. Among them, diesel generators are used

to ensure continuous power supply for the data center

center.Its energy consumption accounts for a very

low proportion of the energy consumption of the

entire data center. Therefore, under the premise of

thermal power generation, the carbon emissions of

the data center mainly come from the power

consumption of the power supply department.

2 ARBON VERIFICATION IN

DATA CENTER

Article 6 of the Measures for the Administration of

Carbon Emission Trading (Trial) stipulates that the

formulation of technical specifications for national

carbon emission trading and related activities, as well

as the supervision and management of local carbon

emission quota allocation, greenhouse gas emission

reporting and verification shall be "the Ministry of

Ecology and Environment, with assistance from

relevant departments of The State Council."

Greenhouse gas emission reporting and verification is

the process of comprehensively verifying and

verifying the emission facility information,

accounting boundaries, accounting methods,

emission factors, activity data, and other relevant

information of carbon dioxide generated by national

key emission (quota management) units.

The verification of the carbon emissions of data

centers and the production of reports must be carried

out in accordance with the requirements of the

accounting methods and reporting standards for

greenhouse gas emissions in the Measures for the

Administration of Carbon Emissions Trading (Trial);

And relevant standards and technical specifications.

The verification process mainly includes: initiating

verification, arranging verification, establishing

verification technical working group, document

review, establishing on-site verification group, on-

site verification, writing verification report,

362

Xie, H., Zhou, F., Xu, J., Chen, Q., Mu, Z. and Ge, Z.

Research on the Intelligence of Carbon Number in Data Center.

DOI: 10.5220/0012284000003807

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Artiﬁcial Intelligence, Networking and Information Technology (ANIT 2023), pages 362-366

ISBN: 978-989-758-677-4

informing verification results, saving verification

report, and ending verification.

Carbon verification is the main way to achieve the

"dual carbon" goal, and scientific, accurate, and

efficient carbon emission measurement and

accounting methods are the foundation for achieving

"measurable, reportable, and verifiable" carbon

emission data. They are also key factors for

controlling total carbon emissions and optimizing

resource allocation. As the main assessment and

supervision object for government to achieve energy

savings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the

carbon emission measurement and accounting of data

centers has also become a key influencing factor for

their rapid development.

Against the backdrop of new developments such

as carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, in order to

focus on solving the key tasks of optimizing resource

allocation and energy conservation and carbon

reduction in data centers, using energy measurement

as the basis and carbon verification as a means to

calculate carbon emissions in data centers has become

an effective way to strengthen energy conservation

and carbon reduction management in data centers and

continuously promote green, low-carbon, and

efficient operation. The measurement and accounting

of carbon emissions in data centers is based on the

emission factor method.

Article 27 of the "Energy Conservation Law of the

People's Republic of China" stipulates: "Energy-

consuming units should strengthen energy

measurement management, and equip and use energy

measuring instruments that have passed the legal

inspection in accordance with regulations. Energy-

consuming units should establish energy

consumption statistics and energy utilization. And

ensure that energy consumption statistics are true and

complete. Among them, as the basis of energy

measurement, the meter used for energy measurement

shall comply with the requirements of GB17167-

2006 "General Rules for the Equipment and

Management of Energy-using Unit Energy

Measuring Instruments". The general rules specify

the proportion of energy measuring instruments in

energy-using enterprises, the limit values of energy

consumption of primary secondary energy units and

tertiary main energy devices, and the accuracy of

energy metering meters (GB17167).

Table 1. Limit values of energy consumption value per unit

of main secondary energy consumption.

Energy

type

Electricity

Coal,

Coke

Crude oil,

Refined oil,

Petroleum

liquefied gas

Heavy

oil,

Residual

oil

Gas,

Natural

gas

Steam,

Hot

water

Water

Other

Unit

t/a

m^3/a

GJ/a

t/a

GJ/a

Limit

value

100

10000

5000

2926

Note 1: a in the table is the symbol of "year" in the legal unit

ofmeasurement.

Note 2: m^3 in the table refers to the standard state, same as table 2.

Note 3: 2926GJ is equivalent to 100t standard coal.Other energy sources

should be converted according to the equivalent calorific value, as shown

in Table 2.

Table 2. Limit values of energy consumption (or power) of

main energy-consuming equipment.

Energy

type

Electricity

Coal,

Coke

Crude oil,

Refined oil,

Petroleum

liquefied gas

Heavy

oil,

Residual

oil

Gas,

Natural

gas

Steam,

Hot

water

Water

Other

Unit

t/h

m^3/h

t/h

GJ/h

Limit

value

100

0.5

100

29.26

Note 1: For energy-consuming units (device, system, process, workshop, etc.) that

can be assessed separately for energy measurement, if the energy-consuming unit is

equipped with energy measuring instruments, the main energy-consuming equipment

in the energy-consuming unit may no longer be equipped separately.

Note 2: If the energy use body such as boiler room, pump room and other

centralized management of similar equipment, if it has been reasonably equipped with

metering meters, the main energy use equipment can no longer install energy metering

meters.

Table 3. Provisioning rate requirements of Energy

Measuring Instruments Unit: %.

Energy type

In and out

energy

consumption

unit

Access to

main and

secondary

energy-

consuming

units

Main energy-

consuming

equipment

Electricity

100

Solid

state

energy

Coal

100

Coke

100

Liquid

energy

Crude

100

Refined oil

100

Heavy oil

100

Residual oil

100

Gaseous

energy

Natural gas

100

Liquefied gas

100

Gas

100

Energy-

carrying

medium

Steam

100

Water

100

Surplus energy that can

be recycled

—

Note 1: Seasonal heating steam (hot water) entering and exiting energy-

consuming units can adopt other measurement and settlement methods that

do not directly measure the flow of energy-carrying working fluid.

Note 2: Seasonal heating steam (hot water) entering and exiting major and

secondary energy-consuming units may not be equipped with energy

measuring instruments

Note 3: Electricity and steam, water and other energy-carrying working

media used as auxiliary energy on the main energy-consuming equipment,

if the energy consumption is very small (less than the requirements in Table

2), energy measuring instruments may not be equipped.

Research on the Intelligence of Carbon Number in Data Center

363

A secondary energy consumption unit whose

energy consumption (i.e. energy produced or

transported) is not less than one or more of the energy

consumption limits in Table 1 shall be regarded as a

primary secondary energy consumption unit.

The energy consumption of a single device is

greater than or equal to one or more limit values of

energy consumption in Table 2 as the main energy-

consuming equipment.

The proportion of energy metering instruments

shall comply with the requirements of Table 3.

The activity data involved in the accounting is

obtained based on annual consumption statistics, and

the emission factor data mostly adopts regional

default values. However, when obtaining carbon

emission inventory activity data based on annual

consumption statistics, the workload of data

processing is large, which is prone to issues such as

missing information, manual statistical errors, and

ineffective verification of data authenticity.

In recent years, the widespread use of

technologies such as intelligent networking, artificial

intelligence and aggregated data has essentially

changed the management, control and development

mode of many basic operation architectures (Gang

Xiong, 2020). Based on information technology,

intelligent collection and accounting of data center

energy consumption data and carbon emission data

are realized. It can not only improve the accuracy and

security of data collected in the data center, but also

save resources and improve work efficiency.

3 ENERGY AND CARBON

NUMBER INTELLIGENT

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

This paper uses the CS development model to design

and develop an energy carbon monitoring software,

and based on the R-8555CDMA Modem wireless

communication module, builds a data center energy

carbon number intelligent accounting system, thereby

realizing the intelligentization of data center carbon

emission accounting. Figure 1 shows the system

diagram of the data center energy carbon number

intelligent accounting system.

The energy and carbon intelligent accounting

system consists of a data center energy consumption

main control cabinet, AF-HK 100 data acquisition

instrument, front-end computer, laptop, R-8555

CDMA Modem wireless communication module, and

LIMS system. In Figure 1, the portable computer is

equipped with data center energy and carbon

monitoring software. After connecting to the LIMS

system through the network cable, the data interaction

with the LIMS system can be realized. During field

monitoring, the af-hk100 data acquisition instrument

is connected to the main control computer system of

the data center, and the real-time monitoring data is

collected into the front-end computer. RS232 serial

cable is used between the front-end computer and the

portable computer, and the R-8555CDMA Modem

wireless communication module is used to transmit

the carbon emission accounting data back to the

LIMS server continuously, so as to realize intelligent

monitoring.

Figure 1. Data center energy carbon number intelligent accounting system diagram.

ANIT 2023 - The International Seminar on Artiﬁcial Intelligence, Networking and Information Technology

364

Figure 2. The process of intelligent calculation of energy carbon number.

3.1 Monitoring Software Design

The monitoring software is developed based on CS,

and Access is used as offline database, and unified

communication protocol is written to realize single

data transmission, so as to ensure the security of data

collection and transmission. According to the

protocol requirements, different types of data centers

use energy master computers to send monitoring data

to the energy Carbon monitoring monitoring software

in real time without obtaining data.

The collection and monitoring software integrates

LIMS connection module, data collection and

analysis unit, data anomaly disposal unit, carbon

emission method library call unit, energy carbon

association unit, carbon emission data automatic

calculation unit, data storage library, network security

guarantee unit, and has the functions of historical

information verification, template, standard

information, historical verification information

download and data sharing. The data monitoring and

analysis unit can collect energy metering data

transmitted by the data center in real time and parse it

into fields in a specific format. Exception handling

units are distinguished based on the collection and

parsing of data. If the collected and analyzed data

does not meet the corresponding field requirements,

data missing or blank, etc., the abnormal alarm

mechanism will be triggered, and are collection

command will be sent. The abnormal data will be

saved to facilitate later investigation of the cause of

the abnormality. The methodology library unit

establishes an industry carbon emission accounting

factor library based on the national, Ministry of

Health and Environment, and local levels, facilitating

the retrieval of emission factors corresponding to

activity data according to needs during enterprise

carbon emission accounting. The energy carbon

correlation unit matches the fuel type corresponding

to the carbon emission calculation based on the

collected energy subcategory data. The carbon

emission data automatic accounting unit can

automatically calculate the carbon emission data

based on the emission factor method. The storage unit

is used to store monitoring process related data and

separate and save abnormal data for the convenience

of analyzing the cause of data anomalies.

3.2 Intelligent Accounting Process for

Energy and Carbon Number

The monitoring software utilizes an intranet linked

LIMS system to obtain verification tasks and

download verification information, verification

standard information, verification record templates,

and other information. During on-site verification, a

laptop equipped with data center monitoring software

is connected to the front-end computer through an

RS232 serial port cable to collect monitoring data in

real-time and parse and fill in the verification record

template. The generated verification records are

saved locally and return the LIMS system in real-time

through the R-8555CDMA Modem wireless

communication device, achieving intelligent

collection and efficient certification of carbon

emission verification data in the data center. The

Research on the Intelligence of Carbon Number in Data Center

365

process of intelligent calculation of energy carbon

number is shown in Figure 2.

4 CONCLUSION

An energy Carbon monitoring software was designed

and developed, and based on the R-8555CDMA

Modem wireless communication module, an

intelligent accounting system for energy and carbon

data in the data center was built, thus realizing the

intellectualization of carbon emission accounting in

the data center. Not only can reduce the workload of

monitoring implementation process, avoid human

error, but also solve the data center monitoring data

storage is not convenient, query trouble, data

classification is easy to confuse the problems, on the

basis of effectively improving the carbon accounting

efficiency of data centers and data security, but also

for the intelligent application and promotion of data

center online monitoring provides a foundation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was financially supported by Shanghai

2022 "Science and Technology Innovation Action

Plan" project (22dz1208800) fund.

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