Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Support Decision Making in

Tourism: A Bibliometric Review

Fristi Riandari, Sarjon Deﬁt and Yuhandri

Universitas Putra Indonesia YPTK, Padang, Indonesia

Keywords:

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis, Support Decision Making, Tourism.

Abstract:

Strategic management of complex decision-making problems in the tourism sector requires the implementa-

tion of appropriate planning procedures for sustainable tourism activities, taking into account the many factors

involved such as variables and stakeholders and conﬂicting objectives. Decision support systems apply com-

puter technology to create analytical methods and logical solutions, digitize, and program logic judgment

programs into computers. Decision Support Systems (DSS) are used to help decision makers deal with com-

plex problems or situations considering that human perception and intelligence can often reach their limits

when faced with complex systems that generate lots of data with lots of dependencies. Based on this, this

study conducted a bibliometric analysis on previous research discussing MCDA in tourism issues published

from 2010 to 2022. Article identiﬁcation was carried out through a scientiﬁc database literature search that

was categorized by year of publication, research topics with the keywords MCDA, MCDM and Tourism. The

results of the analysis show that further research is needed, within jurisdictions, to choose the most appropriate

MCDA method to be applied to tourism because even in the last few decades multi-criteria decision analysis

techniques have been widely used in the tourism sector such as the AHP, TOPSIS, ELECTRE, MACBETH,

ANP methods, VIKOR and not a few new methods in the multi-criteria decision analysis technique approach

have emerged, with different popularity and success but until now there are no guidelines or approaches to

selecting the most appropriate MCDA method to be applied in tourism. Therefore, further research needs to

identify methods in the multi-criteria decision analysis technique that can achieve the best compromise solu-

tion among the most relevant destinations in complex problems such as tourism.

1 INTRODUCTION

Productivity growth in the digital economy era is one

of the most important sources of economic develop-

ment. The information and communication technol-

ogy (ICT) sector is important in terms of innova-

tion and increased productivity by leveraging artiﬁ-

cial intelligence, big data and computerized informa-

tion (Nakatani, 2021). ICTs have been recognized

for their role as an innovative stimulus that can en-

hance economic and social development at various

levels, both in developing and least developed coun-

tries (Wang et al., 2021). ICT usewhich is the spirit

in this era conditions humans personally and in orga-

nizational groups to rely heavily on computer-based

management (Computer Based) which is increasingly

advanced, complex and smart (Okano, 2017). As

a result, from information generation to information

communication, smartness is required in every action.

Smartness facilitates the formation of products, ac-

tions, processes and services in real-time, by engag-

ing various stakeholders simultaneously to optimize

performance and competitiveness (Liu et al., 2012).

Usually, the term smart is associated with fast and

quick results, so that the use of ICT into artiﬁcial in-

telligence, data mining into computerized information

becomes a place of choice to help provide information

for decision makers known as Decision Support Sys-

tems (DSS) or Decision Support Systems (DSS).

Development Decision Support System (DSS) is

a complex multi-stage process that requires consid-

erable effort from a methodical and technical point

of view (Ponomarev and Mustaﬁn, 2021). A deci-

sion support system (DSS) has been developed on

the basis of an information management system, ap-

plying computer technology to create analysis meth-

ods and logical solutions, digitizing and programming

logic assessment programs into computers (Yun et al.,

2021). A Decision Support System (DSS) is also

deﬁned as an interactive computer-based system in-

244

Riandari, F., Deﬁt, S. and Yuhandri, .

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Support Decision Making in Tourism: A Bibliometric Review.

DOI: 10.5220/0012447700003848

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development (ICAISD 2023), pages 244-254

ISBN: 978-989-758-678-1

tended to help decision makers utilize data and mod-

els to identify and solve problems and make deci-

sions (Bohanec et al., 2021). DSS incorporate data

and models, designed to assist decision makers in

semi-structured or unstructured tasks. In principle,

DSS does not make decisions on its own, but sup-

ports human judgment by providing appropriate, ac-

curate and timely information, relevant to the problem

at hand. This information may include suggestions

about possible courses of action. Decision Support

Systems (DSS) refers to computerized multidimen-

sional data management systems that support stake-

holders in leveraging modern data-driven approaches

to identify and solve problems and enable better de-

cision making (Talari et al., 2021). Benchmark anal-

ysis of several alternative conﬁgurations can be facil-

itated by setting up a decision support system (DSS)

where comparisons of different criteria are made di-

rectly (Ju

znic-Zonta et al., 2022). Decision sup-

port systems with technical comparisons of differ-

ent criteria are also Multi Criteria Decision Analysis

(MCDA), MCDA/MCDM is often used to solve real-

world problems with multiple, conﬂicting, and dis-

proportionate criteria and/or objectives (El-Aghoury

et al., 2021). In the 1960s, the ﬁrst multi-criteria

decision making (MCDM) technique was developed

to facilitate the difﬁculty in adapting disparate ideas

and managing large amounts of complex informa-

tion in the decision-making process (Seyedmoham-

madi et al., 2018) and a growing research ﬁeld that

has been studied for over 30 years (Hites et al., 2006)

developed to facilitate the decision-making process

(Yelmikheiev and Norek, 2021).

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a

highly productive tool that is recognized globally for

dealing with complex decision problems. It is the

most appropriate tool for solving problems where the

solution is based on several characteristics. Breaking

the decision problem into smaller parts that are easier

to understand. It then analyzes each part separately,

and ﬁnally integrates all the parts to build a meaning-

ful solution (Kumar et al., 2022) and is a branch of

operations research and management science that the

discipline uses to deal with the optimal allocation of

scarce resources among competing activities by max-

imizing the desired beneﬁts or minimizing the detri-

mental effects using mathematical models (Sun et al.,

2020), (Mardani et al., 2015), (Erdogan et al., 2019)

which discusses promising alternatives for dealing

with complex decision-making problems that feature

multiple, highly diverse, and conﬂicting goals (Ta-

lari et al., 2021), the multi-criteria method can pro-

vide supporting tools in policy and decision mak-

ing processes by providing ﬂexibility (C¸ elikbilek and

uys

uz, 2016). Uncertainty is a very important as-

pect in the process of multiple decision analysis crite-

ria (MCDA) (Chen, 2020). MCDA enables decision

makers to break down complex problems into sim-

pler and essential components, facilitates the amal-

gamation and integration of the knowledge of mul-

tiple decision makers with various expertise, and sup-

ports collaborative problem solving and consensus

building, especially when there are conﬂicts, experi-

ences or views (Wilkins et al., 2022). The MCDA

Method provides a framework for collecting, stor-

ing, and processing all relevant information character-

ized by social, political, environmental, and economic

value judgments. The MCDA method can alleviate

problems caused by limited human computing power

where intuitive or adaptive choices are replaced by

mutually justiﬁable and accepted models; in MCDA,

there are usually DMs with conﬂicting preferences

(Barney et al., 2022), this is supported by research

(Baltazar et al., 2014) who concluded that Multi Cri-

teria Decision analysis (MCDA), or Multi Criteria

Decision Making (MCDM), is a decision making tool

aimed at supporting decision makers who are faced

with many conﬂicting evaluations. MCDA assists in

the decision making process for complex spatial prob-

lems with reasonable accuracy (Das and Pal, 2020), is

a mathematical instrument that assesses several com-

peting criteria to provide the best alternative among

many possibilities (Singh et al., 2022). MCDA is

an important component of sustainability assessment

tools because it allows to assess the uncertainties as-

sociated with the data used and also identiﬁes the rel-

evance and/or importance of each criterion used in a

sustainability assessment. The MCDM method can

overcome the problem of high variability, consider

various objectives and attributes, analyze quantitative

and qualitative parameters, and consider various in-

terests and perspectives (Ma et al., 2022). MCDM is

a branch of the general class of operations research

models that deal with decision problems under the

presence of many factors and criteria (Sakthivel et al.,

2015), the basic purpose of MCDM is to help decision

makers choose the best option from possible alterna-

tives in cases with a large number of criteria, and also

to state which criteria take precedence (c¸. Kaptan Ay-

han and Tas¸lı, 2020). Leveraging the MCDM method-

ology helps overcome the limitations of a more singu-

lar methodology. For example, when applying the an-

alytical hierarchical process (AHP) method, all eval-

uation criteria and subcriteria must be independent of

one another (Ma et al., 2022). Among the various

techniques, the Multi Criteria dimensional analysis

(MCDA) method makes it possible to simultaneously

deal with many issues related to tourism policy mak-

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Support Decision Making in Tourism: A Bibliometric Review

245

ing (Arbolino et al., 2021).

The tourism sector has not only enjoyed signiﬁ-

cant growth in recent years, tourism has also become

a source of wealth for the global economy, increasing

income-based competition among tourist destinations

(Carayannis et al., 2018). The tourism sector as a

global economic driver, together with the broad agree-

ment to operate under the principle of sustainabil-

ity and the difﬁculties encountered in its implemen-

tation make the measurement of tourism sustainabil-

ity a rather challenging topic for researchers and aca-

demics. Research related to tourism has been inten-

sively carried out over the last few decades such as re-

search by (Vecchio et al., 2018) who make use of big

data in smart tourism destinations by utilizing inter-

view data with a Business Analysis approach, the re-

sults of the study show an application of a data-based

business model that can combine the beneﬁts derived

from the big data domain, both in terms of method-

ology and technology, with the demand for tourism

experience that is more personalized and co-created

and concludes that analyzing digital local experiences

enables a more direct understanding of the potential

offered by digital technologies for the intelligent con-

ﬁguration of tourism destinations. The ﬁndings also

highlight the need to consolidate experience and de-

velop regional offerings of knowledge-intensive busi-

ness services (decision making, customer relations,

and business analysis.

Conceptually, decision-making in tourism is no

different from decision-making in other ﬁelds. In fact,

the allocation of limited resources between competing

alternatives and interests occurs every day in various

ﬁelds. The main problem in the ﬁeld of tourism is

the many variables and stakeholders involved, where

each variable and stakeholder has different goals and

can conﬂict with each other but are interdependent on

one another. Such as the number of visits that will

affect the quality of the environment and the level of

congestion. These complex features make it difﬁcult

for decision makers to make the right choice.

From the literature, several studies were found

using review techniques in the application of the

MCDM method, such as research by (Emovon and

Oghenenyerovwho, 2020), This paper presents a

methodical review of the application of the Multi-

Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method in mate-

rial selection by reviewing a total of 55 papers, pub-

lished from 1994-2019. Another review combining

MCDM methods with building information modeling

(BIM) in the architecture, engineering, and construc-

tion industries using the earliest literature 2009 to the

year the research was conducted (Tan et al., 2021).

A bibliometric analysis of MCDA in health was con-

ducted in 2012, this paper documents the application

of MCDA in healthcare and aims to identify publi-

cation patterns as well as the various topics to which

MCDA has been applied, a bibliometric analysis was

carried out on articles reporting on MCDA applica-

tion in healthcare published from 1960 until 2011 (Di-

aby et al., 2013). Still in the health sector, a system-

atic literature review was conducted on MCDA in de-

cision making in health services. This study aims to

provide a comprehensive overview of MCDA stud-

ies conducted to inform decisions in healthcare and

to summarize its applicability in different decision

contexts updating a systematic review conducted in

2013 by searching Embase, MEDLINE, and Google

Scholar for MCDA studies in the ﬁeld of health, pub-

lished in English between August 2013 and Novem-

ber 2020 (Gongora-Salazar et al., 2022). The last

review was conducted on the application of MCDM

in the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper aims to re-

view 72 papers published in 37 leading peer-reviewed

journals indexed on the Web of Science that used the

MCDM method in various regions of the COVID-19

pandemic (Sotoudeh-Anvari, 2022).

Over the last decade, a large number of methods

have emerged, with varying popularity and success.

One of the most prominent in the international lit-

erature is VIKOR, along with other ’classic’ meth-

ods such as TOPSIS, PROMETHEE, AHP, ELEC-

TRE, etc(Papathanasiou, 2021). However, until now,

there are no guidelines or approaches to selecting

the most appropriate MCDA method to be applied

in tourism. We also wanted to identify publication

trends in the application of MCDA in tourism as well

as research topics that have been applied. Therefore,

a bibliometric analysis was carried out to analyze the

frequency of occurrence of MCDA applications in

tourism. Where tourism policy makers reveal a large

set of heterogeneous goals to be achieved through the

allocation of public resources (Arbolino et al., 2021),

this is an opportunity for researchers to approach the

MCDA on the topic of tourism.

Given the many variables involved, the optimal

solution is difﬁcult to identify. Therefore, the MCDA

technique aims to identify combinations of alterna-

tives to be modiﬁed, in order to achieve the best com-

promise solution. Intended to achieve the best com-

promise solution among the most relevant objectives,

thus overriding the “optimality” paradigm.

The next section will provide a presentation on

the methodology, the third section will provide a brief

overview of the relevant literature. The fourth section

provides an overview of the implications of the limita-

tions of the study and ﬁnally concludes the paper with

a discussion of the main implications of the research,

ICAISD 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development

246

which offer opportunities for further research.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Evaluation of sustainable tourism is a complex en-

deavor involving many stakeholders who often have

different perspectives. Therefore, various authors

have drawn attention to the potential contribution of

MCDA techniques to sustainability assessments in the

tourism sector.

This paper uses bibliometric analysis to describe

and analyze trends and publication patterns with the

MCDA approach that appear on the topic of tourism.

Data identiﬁcation in citations was carried out by

searching scientiﬁc literature data in the ScieneDirect

database based on the year of publication, namely re-

search in the period 2010 to 2022 and research topics

with the keywords MCDA, MCDM and Tourism.

From the literature search, basic information such

as bibliography, including titles and abstracts will be

analyzed, then ﬁltered for relevance. Studies that are

reviewed and those deemed out of scope (dealing with

the application of MCDA in areas other than tourism)

will be rejected. The remaining complete papers that

are within scope are perused.

3 STUDY LITERATURE

Research by (Garc

ıa-Mel

on et al., 2012) conduct-

ing evaluations of sustainable tourism strategies pro-

moted by stakeholders related to National Parks (NPs)

is a major concern for park managers. This study aims

to ﬁnd a balance between economic, social and en-

vironmental factors and involve stakeholders. In as-

sisting their research strategic evaluation procedures,

a methodology based on the Analytic Network Pro-

cess (ANP) and Delphi type assessment procedures

was proposed. This methodology was applied to Los

Roques NP in Venezuela. The problem includes three

sustainable tourism strategies deﬁned by stakeholders

namely: eco-friendly resorts, eco-friendly leisure ac-

tivities, and ecological transportation systems. Repre-

sentatives from eight stakeholders participated in this

methodology, 13 sustainability criteria were selected.

It was concluded that regarding the use of the ANP-

Delphi joint approach as a tool for prioritization, 2 ex-

perts stated that the ﬁrst meeting to deﬁne and agree

on criteria was successful because it allowed them to

think about what they actually expected from the pri-

oritization procedure. All stakeholders felt that the

ANP procedures enabled them to deal with prioriti-

zation in an organized and systematic manner. How-

ever, they did not ﬁnd it completely satisfactory or

easy to understand until they had gone through the

Delphi round and had the possibility that stakeholder

assessments differed markedly after the Delphi round

stabilized. So that the weaknesses of the ANP method

in tourism problems that want to be improved in this

study have not been achieved. It was concluded that

regarding the use of the ANP-Delphi joint approach

as a tool for prioritization, 2 experts stated that the

ﬁrst meeting to deﬁne and agree on criteria was suc-

cessful because it allowed them to think about what

they actually expected from the prioritization proce-

dure. All stakeholders felt that the ANP procedures

enabled them to deal with prioritization in an orga-

nized and systematic manner. However, they did not

ﬁnd it completely satisfactory or easy to understand

until they had gone through the Delphi round and had

the possibility that stakeholder assessments differed

markedly after the Delphi round stabilized. So that

the weaknesses of the ANP method in tourism prob-

lems that want to be improved in this study have not

been achieved. It was concluded that regarding the

use of the ANP-Delphi joint approach as a tool for

prioritization, 2 experts stated that the ﬁrst meeting

to deﬁne and agree on criteria was successful because

it allowed them to think about what they actually ex-

pected from the prioritization procedure. All stake-

holders felt that the ANP procedures enabled them to

deal with prioritization in an organized and system-

atic manner. However, they did not ﬁnd it completely

satisfactory or easy to understand until they had gone

through the Delphi round and had the possibility that

stakeholder assessments differed markedly after the

Delphi round stabilized. So that the weaknesses of

the ANP method in tourism problems that want to be

improved in this study have not been achieved.

Further research by (R. S. Estevao and e, 2019)

who concluded that despite the increasing interest in

sustainable tourism (ST), the actual implementation

of sustainability practices in the tourism sector is still

sporadic. The research proposes a decision-making

process in the MCDA context. The decision-making

process in the MCDA context is by implementing the

JOURNEY Making approach at the structuring stage

and CI at the evaluation stage. The proposed method

and model have some limitations as in the context of

this study, our reliance on a panel of experts, although

advantageous, represents a major research challenge

largely due to the experts’ conﬂicting agendas and

time-consuming sessions. In addition, the ease with

which it is necessary to recruit experts within a close

geographic distance also inﬂuences the panel selec-

tion process.

To reduce the adverse impact on the environment

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Support Decision Making in Tourism: A Bibliometric Review

247

caused by conventional (mass) Tourism, the impor-

tance of ecotourism is increasingly being highlighted

as this form of tourism contributes to environmen-

tal protection and sustainable development of an area

(L. Gigovic and S., 2016). The main objective of this

research is the development of a reliable model for

the identiﬁcation of zone suitability for sustainable

ecotourism development, which will be a signiﬁcant

support for planners in ecotourism development and

management strategies. The proposed model is based

on the combined application of a Geographic In-

formation System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision

Analysis (MCDA) using the Fuzzy Decision Mak-

ing Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FDEMATEL)

method to estimate and map ecotourism potential suit-

ability classes in the study area ”Dunavski kljuc”

(Serbia). The research results contribute to the theo-

retical framework for selecting suitable sites but note

that this model highlights new criteria that have not

been considered in ecotourism models but are signiﬁ-

cant for this issue. It is important to note that the cri-

teria applied for the selection of areas for ecotourism

development vary by region and depend on current

socio−economic and natural resources. Therefore,

this procedure allows for other criteria that have not

been included in this study. All of these factors will

have additional importance in ﬁnding the best solu-

tion.

This research (c¸. Kaptan Ayhan and Tas¸lı, 2020)

carry out a land use suitability analysis for activities

for rural tourism by following the steps of the ELEC-

TRE I method. This study did not provide clear re-

sults on the land suitability analysis for rural tourism

using the ELECTRE I method. This study only fo-

cuses on the research topic, namely tourism develop-

ment, so the performance level of the MCDA method

used in the research is unknown.

The accelerating interaction between technology

and tourism has radically changed the efﬁciency and

effectiveness of tourism organizations, as well as how

consumers interact with organizations. This research

offers a web-based intelligent framework for travel

agencies proposed that offers fast and reliable re-

sponse services to customers in a less costly manner.

The proposed framework integrates a case-based rea-

soning system (CBR) with a multi-criteria decision-

making technique (MCDM), namely the Analytic

Hierarchy Process (AHP), to increase accuracy and

speed in case matching in tourism destination plan-

ning. The integration of the two techniques makes it

possible to capitalize on their strengths and comple-

ment each other’s weaknesses. The results conclude

that rule-based planning does not work well when the

customer’s ﬁltering preferences are unclear or even

change for the time being according to the customer’s

changing context. Therefore, it is not a suitable tech-

nique for tourism planning where decisions are inﬂu-

enced by seasonal effects, from last year’s climate,

from last year’s popular region or the business re-

lationships of agents. The system in the tourism

management system must be ﬂexible (Alptekin and

ozkan, 2011).

The application of a new approach to the selec-

tion of projects to be funded by public administration,

to maximize the efﬁciency of the allocation of pub-

lic resources in tourism sustainability has been car-

ried out using 2 MCDA methods namely Weighted

sum and Analytic Hierarchic Process (Arbolino et al.,

2021). The results of the study concluded that the

application of multi-criteria techniques is not always

sufﬁcient, because none of them deal with budgetary

constraints when used individually so it is hoped that

further research may involve the application of opti-

mization models in a broader Decision Support Sys-

tem, involving aspects, a set of the criteria and objec-

tives included in the model can be modiﬁed.

Implementation of the application of the Multi-

Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) ELECTRE I

method to tourism destinations, research contributes

to reﬂections on the competitiveness of tourism desti-

nations which have bigger enthusiasts in recent years.

The research concludes that this paper shows that

the results of the ELECTRE I and the Weighted-Sum

Method are different in this work so that this can be

an opportunity for identifying future research (Botti

and Peypoch, 2013).

A study that tries to resolve the limitations of pre-

existing research regarding the selection of evalua-

tion variables and the calculation of their respective

weights in evaluating the competitiveness of tourist

destinations by creating an evaluation index of sev-

eral criteria for the competitiveness of tourist desti-

nations, through the use of integrated cognitive maps

and measuring attractiveness with measuring attrac-

tiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique

(MACBETH). Research is only focused on tourist

destinations in one region so that case studies in dif-

ferent regions require factor adjustments according to

the needs of each region which are different, does

not provide a clear analysis of the performance of

the methods used, contributes methodologically and

is related to the substantive results of the research

(Carayannis et al., 2018).

Subsequent research that analyzes the sustainabil-

ity of regional tourism in Spain (Carrillo and Jorge,

2017), in this paper a new procedure for the devel-

opment of composite indicators for tourism sustain-

ability analysis is proposed which uses a multicrite-

ICAISD 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development

248

ria decision technique specially designed to deal with

the concept of multidimensional nature and nearly in-

commensurable entities i.e. the CI method. The re-

search results only describe some differences from ex-

isting aggregation methods, there is no logical review

of the performance of the proposed approach.

Research in the tourism sector, especially on sus-

tainable beach tourism which aims to identify fac-

tors that inﬂuence the coastal environment and build

a multi-criteria evaluation structure for beach tourism

using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

approach. The research results focus on the results of

the analysis of tourism development. There were no

results of the analysis of the method’s performance

on cases. So even though this study utilizes MCDA in

tourism development, it has not yet provided results

of an analysis of the performance of the method used.

The research adds to the number of studies with simi-

lar topics but has not yet found an appropriate method

format used in tourism issues (Chen and Bau, 2016).

The application of the Fuzzy Rasch model in

the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to

Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was carried out to analyze

the Tourism Destination Competitiveness (TDC) of

nine Asian countries: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Ko-

rea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and the

Philippines. The research was conducted in 2009 us-

ing 6 criteria and 15 indexes. Conclusions are drawn

exclusively from mathematical calculations, the re-

sults of the research focus on the results of the analy-

sis of tourism development. There were no results of

the analysis of the method’s performance on cases. So

even though this study utilizes MCDA in tourism de-

velopment, it has not yet provided results of an anal-

ysis of the performance of the method used. The re-

search adds to the number of studies with similar top-

ics but has not yet found an appropriate method for-

mat used in tourism issues (Huang and Peng, 2012).

Subsequent studies present a new planning ap-

proach to develop a reliable model that identiﬁes suit-

able and unsuitable locations for rural housing de-

velopment planning in reservoir areas under tourism,

presented here is a combined application of a ge-

ographic information system (GIS) and multi crite-

ria decision analysis ( MCDA) using the DEMATEL

fuzzy method to create a suitability map for rural

housing. The conclusion of the study stated that the

application of the FDEMATEL-GIS/MCDA model

for evaluating the potential of rural housing planning

has proven positive and justiﬁed, because based on the

adopted criteria, it succeeded in distinguishing parts

of space that are highly suitable for sustainable and re-

silient rural housing planning. Sensitivity analysis by

changing the group weight coefﬁcients shows a high

level of model stability, but there is no comparison

with other MCDA methods (Jeong et al., 2016).

This study presents a holistic approach to evalu-

ating complex national tourism policies with hybrid

MCDA to test the dependency relationship between

various dimensions and criteria of tourism policy with

DEMATEL-based analytic network process (DANP)

and VIKOR. This study has a weakness, namely this

research was conducted with a relatively expert sam-

ple group. A larger sample carrying more explana-

tory power will allow more sophisticated evaluation

analyzes and verify the current ﬁndings to increase

generalizability. Second, the evaluation criteria were

selected from a literature review on the implementa-

tion of tourism policies, based on this it is known that

the results of the analysis only focus on tourism de-

velopment indicators (Ma et al., 2022).

Subsequent studies evaluating the selection of op-

timal tourist sites using ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS in

the context of Integrated Coastal Zone Management:

A case of Qeshm Island. The conclusion of the study

states that in the case of selecting tourist sites, the pro-

posed model has signiﬁcantly increased the efﬁciency

of the decision-making process, however to use algo-

rithms to identify and evaluate important factors in

economic and industrial development and by using

modern scientiﬁc methods (Morteza et al., 2016).

Research in the tourism sector using the Tech-

nique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal So-

lution (TOPSIS) was applied to evaluate the com-

petitiveness of tourism destinations (TDC) from the

Yangtze River Delta in China. Although the results

of the study concluded that the method that combines

TOPSIS with IEW can evaluate complex monolayer

index systems and multi-level index systems. This

method avoids errors caused by using different meth-

ods and makes the evaluation process rigorous and ra-

tional but it cannot be said that this hybrid model is

the most appropriate in tourism development (Zhang

et al., 2011).

Various research works can be found in the litera-

ture that analyze the topic of sustainable tourism with

the MCDA approach, such as:

1. Title: A combined ANPdelphi approach to eval-

uate sustainable tourism (Garc

ıa-Mel

on et al.,

2012)

Method: Analytic Network Process (ANP)-

Delphi

Conclusion :

The results of the study concluded that all stake-

holders felt that the ANP procedure enabled them

to handle prioritization in an organized and sys-

tematic manner however, they did not ﬁnd it com-

pletely satisfactory or easy to understand before

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Support Decision Making in Tourism: A Bibliometric Review

249

getting to Delphi’s work.

2. Title: A socio-technical approach to the assess-

ment of sustainable (R. S. Estevao and e, 2019)

tourism: Adding value with a comprehensive

process-oriented framework

Method: Cognitive Mapping and Choquet Inte-

gral (CI)

Conclusion :

The method and model proposed in this study

have several limitations, such as dependence on

expert panels. This provides recommendations

for further research that allows replication of the

method with different panels of experts or in other

regions, thereby facilitating comparison between

results and analyzes and increasing generalizabil-

ity. Future studies may also wish to consider ap-

plying other methods and combinations within the

MCDA approach

3. Title: GIS-Fuzzy DEMATEL MCDA model for

the evaluation of the sites for ecotourism develop-

ment: A case study of “Dunavski kljuc” region,

Serbia (L. Gigovic and S., 2016)

Method: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

dan Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation

Laboratory (FDEMATEL)

Conclusion :

The application of the GIS-FDEMATEL MCDA

model in evaluating ecotourism potential has

proven effective and justiﬁed because it has suc-

ceeded in distinguishing parts of the area and sen-

sitivity analysis by changing the cluster weight

coefﬁcients has shown a high level of model sta-

bility but the indicators of the 4 division zones are

not explained with certainty.

4. Title: Land use suitability analysis of rural

tourism activities: Yenice, Turkey (c¸. Kaptan Ay-

han and Tas¸lı, 2020)

Method: GIS - ELECTRE I

Conclusion :

The conclusion of this study only focuses on the

target area of the literature, an assessment of the

performance of the method has not been carried

out so that the performance of the method in this

study is not known.

5. Title: An integrated case−based reasoning and

MCDM system for Web based tourism destination

planning (Alptekin and B

ozkan, 2011)

Method: GAnalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Conclusion :

The conclusion of the study states that the method

used is not a suitable technique for tourism plan-

ning where decisions are inﬂuenced by seasonal

effects, from last year’s climate, from last year’s

popular region or business relations of agents.

6. Title: Multi-objective optimization technique: A

novel approach in tourism sustainability planning

(Arbolino et al., 2021)

Method: Weighted sum dan Analytic Hierarchic

Process (AHP)

Conclusion :

From the conclusion of the study it is stated that

the application of multi-criteria techniques is not

always sufﬁcient, because none of them deal with

budget constraints.

7. Title: Multi-criteria ELECTRE method and desti-

nation competitiveness (Botti and Peypoch, 2013)

Method: LECTRE I dan Metode Weighted-Sum.

Conclusion :

The conclusion of this paper shows that the re-

sults of the ELECTRE I and the Weighted-Sum

Method are different in this work.

8. Title: The evaluation of tourism destination com-

petitiveness by TOPSIS and information entropy

e A case in the Yangtze River Delta of China

(Zhang et al., 2011)

Method: Technique for Order Preference by Sim-

ilarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)

Conclusion :

Although the results of the study concluded that

the method that combines TOPSIS with IEW can

evaluate complex monolayer index systems and

multi-level index systems. This method avoids er-

rors caused by using different methods and makes

the evaluation process rigorous and rational but it

cannot be said that this hybrid model is the most

appropriate in tourism development.

4 DISCUSSION

From previous studies that have been previously de-

scribed regarding the MCDA approach in the tourism

sector. The MCDA approach with various existing

methods in identifying tourism is divided into many

discussion focuses. This seems to have happened be-

cause in practice the tourism sector is not only about

holidays, but in the tourism context there are many

factors that require special attention for the purpose

of tourism sustainability. Sustainability is meant not

only from one factor but sustainability which can be

concluded is how all the factors involved can work in

balance. The factors involved in the tourism sector are

seen as quite complex because they involve economic,

social and environmental factors. If we examine more

deeply the economic factors, social and environmen-

tal aspects in the tourism sector, of course there will

ICAISD 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development

250

be many supporting variables for each factor, such as

when we talk about economic factors in the tourism

sector we don’t only think about tourist location in-

come but about regional, country, stakeholder and

community economic income. It doesn’t end here, the

problem of even one factor has become very complex

considering that the stakeholders involved conﬂict

with each other and inﬂuence one another in achiev-

ing this economic goal. The problem of tourism be-

comes very complex when all factors and stakehold-

ers are considered. In general, this is the background

of much research in the tourism sector. like when

we talk about economic factors in the tourism sector

we don’t only think about tourist location revenue but

about regional, country, stakeholder and community

economic income. It doesn’t end here, the problem of

even one factor has become very complex consider-

ing that the stakeholders involved conﬂict with each

other and inﬂuence one another in achieving this eco-

nomic goal. The problem of tourism becomes very

complex when all factors and stakeholders are con-

sidered. In general, this is the background of much

research in the tourism sector. like when we talk

about economic factors in the tourism sector we don’t

only think about tourist location revenue but about

regional, country, stakeholder and community eco-

nomic income. It doesn’t end here, the problem of

even one factor has become very complex consider-

ing that the stakeholders involved conﬂict with each

other and inﬂuence one another in achieving this eco-

nomic goal. The problem of tourism becomes very

complex when all factors and stakeholders are consid-

ered. In general, this is the background of much re-

search in the tourism sector. the problem of even one

factor has become very complex considering that the

stakeholders involved conﬂict with each other and in-

ﬂuence one another in achieving this economic goal.

The problem of tourism becomes very complex when

all factors and stakeholders are considered. In gen-

eral, this is the background of much research in the

tourism sector. the problem of even one factor has

become very complex considering that the stakehold-

ers involved conﬂict with each other and inﬂuence one

another in achieving this economic goal. The problem

of tourism becomes very complex when all factors

and stakeholders are considered. In general, this is

the background of much research in the tourism sec-

tor.

Taking into account the sustainability of tourism

which is an important topic for the development of a

country, many researches in this ﬁeld are carried out.

From the results of research searches in the tourism

sector with the MCDA approach, research in this ﬁeld

is focused on several topics such as several studies

that seek to analyze the role of economic, social and

environmental factors and the stakeholders involved

with the aim of ﬁnding a balance between them, to-

wards sustainable tourism increasing research previ-

ously tried to analyze and create an assessment model

for sustainable tourism by applying the multiple cri-

teria decision analysis (MCDA) method, whose main

objective is to explicitly identify the relevant crite-

ria and integrate them into the decision-making pro-

cess. Considering that tourism sustainability involves

the environment as a factor of sustainability, previ-

ous research has tried to carry out an analysis of envi-

ronmental protection and sustainable development in

tourist areas by identifying suitable locations or zones

for sustainable ecotourism development. Not much

different from identifying the most suitable zones for

sustainable ecotourism development, most of the re-

search topics described in the research seek to iden-

tify land, locations that are most suitable for tourism

development aimed at stakeholders, identify the most

popular tourist destinations as tourist destinations. In

contrast to tourism location determination, research

in this sector also seeks to model web-based intel-

ligent frameworks with the aim of providing good

service quality by prioritizing fast and reliable web-

based responses and to improve accuracy and speed

in case matching in tourism destination planning us-

ing MCDA. Related to the many factors involved in

sustainable tourism, one of which is the economic fac-

tor, to reach the level of the economy to be achieved

many studies also try to identify tourism competitive-

ness and are still limited to one particular area. And

up here, research in the tourism sector also tries to

assess the sustainability of tourism by considering in-

dicators such as economic, social and environmental

aspects and reducing them into several variables from

each of these indicators. Identify factors that can af-

fect tourism sustainability for certain tourism zones to

determine sustainable tourism development that can

be implemented.

It is known that in the tourism sector there are

many interesting topics to study, even considering that

each region has different factors, several studies with

similar topics were carried out using the MCDA ap-

proach with different methods. As in determining the

location, land or zone that is most suitable for sus-

tainable tourism development, it is known that sev-

eral methods have been used, such as TOPSIS, ELEC-

TRE I, ANP, a combination of TOPSIS and ANP and

the Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Lab-

oratory (FDEMATEL). For the problem of sustain-

able tourism competitiveness the MCDA approach is

carried out using the TOPSIS, MACBETH, ELEC-

TRE I methods. In identifying the dependency re-

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Support Decision Making in Tourism: A Bibliometric Review

251

lationships between dimensions involved in sustain-

able tourism that inﬂuence each other, MCDA meth-

ods such as DEMATEL-based analytic network pro-

cesses (DANP) and VIKOR and Analytic Network

Processes (ANP) are used. Identify the factors that

affect tourism sustainability using the Fuzzy Analyti-

cal Hierarchy Process (AHP) and CI approaches, se-

lecting sustainable tourism projects to be developed

using Weighted sum and Analytic Hierarchic Process

(AHP) and modeling smart applications in tourism by

integrating AHP with GIS.

Although the application of MCDA in tourism de-

velopment has been quite intensely researched in the

literature over the last few decades, until now there

is no literature that provides guidelines or approaches

for choosing the most appropriate MCDA method to

be applied in tourism and tends to focus on indica-

tors of tourism development, alternatives and some

describe the weaknesses of the MCDA method which

become opportunities for future research. This is cer-

tainly an opportunity to identify new models that can

contribute to new mathematical models that can cover

the weaknesses of the method which aims to identify

alternative combinations to be modiﬁed to achieve the

best compromise solution.

5 LIMITATION

This research may miss the non-English MCDA stud-

ies that have informed decisions in the tourism sector.

Second, all searches were performed from only one

database, namely ScienceDirect, for freely accessible

publications, which may have inﬂuenced the identiﬁ-

cation of relevant studies. Third, our search criteria

are less stringent, still in general with the search cri-

teria MCDA, MCDM and Tourism published in 2010

to 2020, which risks missing relevant scientiﬁc stud-

ies before 2010 and after 2022.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Over the past few decades, tourism has experienced

a continuous and rapid expansion, which can be ben-

eﬁcial for the economic development of the destina-

tion and its people. However, unplanned expansions

put intense pressure on its goals and resources, even

jeopardizing its long-term existence. Therefore, the

need to support sustainability by planning tourism ac-

tivities has attracted a lot of attention and given rise to

a lively expansion of sustainable tourism. The appli-

cation of MCDA in intensive tourism issues is carried

out on research discussions where many interesting

topics are known to be studied, even considering that

each region has varying factors, several studies with

similar topics were carried out using the MCDA ap-

proach with different methods. As for the most suit-

able location, land or zone costs in the development

of sustainable tourism, several studies have used var-

ious methods on MCDA such as TOPSIS, ELECTRE

I, ANP, a combination of TOPSIS and ANP and the

Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Labo-

ratory (FDEMATEL). In the case of tourism com-

petitiveness the application of MCDA is carried out

using the TOPSIS, MACBETH, ELECTRE I meth-

ods. To analyze the interplay between the dimen-

sions involved in tourism, the MCDA approach con-

tinues to be carried out with such as DEMATEL-

based analytic network process (DANP) and VIKOR

and Analytic Network Processes. (ANP) and analy-

sis of factors inﬂuencing tourism sustainability with

the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and

CI approaches, selection of tourism projects to be de-

veloped using Weighted sum and Analytic Hierarchic

Process (AHP) and modeling smart applications in

tourism by integrating AHP with GIS. Even though

the discussion on this issue is getting more intensive,

the practical implementation of sustainable measures

in the tourism sector is still inadequate, this is sup-

ported based on the literature which concludes future

research opportunities in the hope of providing more

perfect results in dealing with complex problems such

as tourism and considering this situation, the methods

performance appraisal related to sustainable tourism

has emerged as a potential solution that can drive pol-

icy implementation and target sustainability. Various

researchers have investigated this question, but ac-

knowledge that some of these studies reveal that lim-

itations still often exist and need to be addressed to

provide a more robust model for the assessment of

sustainable tourism. Evaluating tourism is complex

not only because of its fuzzy boundaries but also be-

cause of its multidimensional character and being as-

sociated with multiple stakeholders who often have

conﬂicting interests. Responding to these challeng-

ing characteristics can become future research oppor-

tunities that can deal with complex problems in the

ﬁeld of tourism which involve many tricks and in-

volve many stakeholders from various ﬁelds, who op-

pose each other, have various goals but are interde-

pendent on one another in the form of a model ap-

proach. new to MCDA. A new approach that can run

more efﬁciently in the ﬁeld of tourism so as to ﬁnd a

balance between economic, social and environmental

factors which each involve many variables and stake-

holders, proposes the MCDA method which has high

suitability and completion, high level of sensitivity.

ICAISD 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Information Scientiﬁc Development

252

high and does not omit important information.

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