Navoi and Husayniy

Xusnigul Djuraeva

and Muminjon Sulaymonov

Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Namangan State University, Namangan, Uzbekistan

Keywords. Xuroson, Hirot Literary Condition, Devan, Tradition, Tazkira, Spiritual Closeness, Ghazal, Muxammas,

Risola, Madrasa, Secretary (Kotib), Source.

Abstract. Throughout his life, in all of his works, Alisher Navoi studied Husayn Boyqaro’s personality, royal activity,

and carefully analysed his skills as a literary critic and poet. Not only in his epic heritage, but in all his lyrical

works, from the ode “Hiloliya” to “Devony Foniy”, he expressed his thoughts about being a colleague and

shoulder to shoulder with Husayn Boyqaro in colorful colors. Simultaneously, the poetry of Husayniy and

Navoi can be compared based on form, ideology, poetic perspective, symbolism, and common verses. This

situation confirms how close they are, spiritually and spiritually, in artistic creation. The article discusses the

role of Husayn Boyqaro and Alisher Navoi in the literary environment of Herat (Hirot, the current capital of

Afghanistan), and examines how Navoi’s genius was encouraged in the development and honing of

Husayniy's artistic, skillful, and creative abilities. Ideological-poetic aspects of the themes and series of

images in Alisher Navoi’s and Husayniy’s poetry are compared. Poems written Husayniy in response to

Navoi’s ghazals are analysed. In Navoi’s lyrics, the perfect image of Husayniy’s character is illuminated on

the basis of evidence.

1 INTRODUCTION

The great thinker Alisher Navoi and Husayn Boyqaro

shared a forty-year history of friendship. In the

sources of the past, it is noted that these two figures

grew up as children of nobles and were schoolmates.

There is no information available about which

madrasa the two friends studied at, attended, or who

their esteemed teachers were. In the process of

studying the issue of the figure of Husayn Boyqaro in

Navoi's work, three important aspects come to the

fore:

a) Husayn Boyqaro is a just, entrepreneurial,

creative Timurid ruler.

b) He is the patron, patron of science, culture, and

all aspects of social life; a true person who values his

friend highly.

c) Husayniy is an outstanding artist, scientist, and

poet.

In the ode “Hiloliya” written in 1469, the poet

expressed confidence that the new ruler Husayn

Mirza will be a patron of science and literature, an

Corresponding author

enlightened head of state, and expects great things

from him in the future. Therefore, he gathers poets,

artists, and lawyers around the king, and gives their

special definition and description.

Navoi pays a special attention to Husayn

Boyqaro’s poetic talent and exceptional

responsiveness. Quoting verses that are combined

with the content of the ghazal “Har gadokim, bo‘ryoyi

faqr erur kisvat anga” included in the “Garayib us-

sigar” divan, he asked about the dervish nature of

Boyqaro’s character and his sensitivity, which is not

seen in other skills. Shohlig‘da g‘oyati darveshlig‘din

ko‘rmayin, Bo‘ryoyi faqrcha zarkash sariri rif’atin.

Shohlar darveshiyu darveshlar shohiki, Haq,

Shoh qildi suvratin, darvesh qildi siyratin. (Hamidi H.

2011,28) (Meaning: The couplets mention the dervish

character of Husayn Boyqaro, and the sensitivity that

cannot be seen in other kings).

In order to be able to embody so many qualities in

one person, it is necessary to be a great talent like

Navoi.

Another significant aspect of Navoi's talent is that

the ode “Hiloliya” is composed, from start to finish,

Djuraeva, X. and Sulaymonov, M.

Navoi and Husayniy.

DOI: 10.5220/0012485200003792

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 1st Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR 2023), pages 265-268

ISBN: 978-989-758-687-3

265

in the style of Husayniy's ghazals (columns and text:

failotun failotun failotun failun -V--|-V--|-V--|-V-) a

heavy, rhythmic construction. Therefore, Alisher

Navoi highly values Husayn Mirza’s talent and

wishes to see a attributes like humanity, justice, and

nobility in such a sensitive soul. In all his works,

aspires for his friend to become a ruler who loves his

people. Alisher Navoi provides information about the

attention of Husayn Boyqaro in the preface of the

collection “Xazoyin ul-Maoniy”.

“Sabt bo‘lg‘an ash’or barcha zaroyifshiorkim,

ellik, oltmish va yuz ghazal ga yaqin yig‘ilsa erdi,

hazrat Sultoni Sohibqironning firdavsoso

suhbatidavu sipehrfarso hazratida hozir qilib arzg‘a

yetkurur erdim va ul hazrat alarg‘a shafqat yuzidin

boqib, qaysi ma’no sho‘xiningkim, tarkibi xil’atida

va alfozi kisvatida betakallufluq ko‘rsa, o‘z ganjinayi

zamiri xazinasidin munosib alfoz bila ul liboslarg‘a

tag‘yir berib va ul alfoz kisvatida sanoyi’ javohiridin

nomunosiblig‘ ma’lum qilsa, o‘z xizonayi xotiri

ganjxonasidin yoqutu la’li rangin va gavharu durri

samin bila ul zebu ziynatqa tabdil yetkurub, har

ghazal ni tartib yuzidin o‘z o‘rnig‘a raqam qilur erdi”

(Hamidi H. 2011,14).

Abdurashid Abdugafurov wrote in his article

“Xazoyin ul-Maoniy Puzzles”, Abdurashid

Abdugafurov wrote that "although Navoi testified

himself, Husayn Boyqaro did not perceive any flaws

in his poetry, thus it was not in need of revision. He

neither 'reformed' it nor annotated it with a pencil.

Consequently, it is devoid of the 'beautiful

decorations' found in the great poet’s verse(Alisher

Navoi. 1997,11).

Alisher Navoi’s admissions are supported by

Oriental etiquette, friendly grace, genuine respect,

and behavioural norms established by the archon state

in the palace setting. This includes the belied that the

occupant of the throne should be capable and talented

in all respects, and should value acting as a patron.

2 LITERATURE

In the verses of “Xazoyin ul-Maoniy”. in which the

author emphasizes that his poems require reform and

editing, a task he believes only Husayn Boyqaro can

accomplish. Ey Navoiy, xo‘rdai nazmingg‘a isloh

istasang, Shohi G‘oziydan jahonda xo‘rdadonroq

yo‘q kishi.

(Meaning: This verse reaffirms that Husayn

Boyqaro was indeed the first critic and editor of

Navoi’s works.)

From the essence of this verse, it is confirmed

once again that Husayn Boyqaro was the first critic

and editor of Navoi’s works. Professor Abdurashid

Abdugafurov puts forward the opinion,

“acknowledge the preface statements that Husayn

Boyqaro thoroughly reviewed, edited, and reformed

Navoi's poetry, then we must also accept the

conclusion, however doubtful and illogical it may

seem”. At this juncture, it appears necessary to

consider certain verses in the book (Hamidi H.

2011,11).

We are a long way from the concluding that

Husayniy edited and perfected Alisher Navoi's

poems. However, the patron ruler, being a discerning

poet, meticulously followed his friend's work and

shared his opinions. His attention and grace further

inspired Navoi and encouraged him to great deeds. In

particular, at the end of the “Farhod and Shirin” saga,

the creator expresses the following intention:

Farog‘at kunjida bir go‘sha tutsam, Meni el, men

dog‘i elni unutsam. Bori ashg‘oldin shoh tutsa

ma’zur, Ki, bo‘lsam so‘z demak shug‘lig‘ig‘a

ma’mur. Yana shoh iltifoti bo‘lsa goh-goh, Ki, bo‘lsa

nazm yo nozimdin ogoh. So‘zumga goh berib

islohdin zeb, Gahi in’omi etsa so‘zg‘a targ‘ib(Alisher

Navoi. 1987,638).

(Meaning: Navoi wants his ruler to be aware of

his work, to look at his writings and react to them,

waiting for a compliment from his ruler. At the same

time, he asks him to be a leader in writing new works.

It is known that Husayniy was never indifferent to his

friend’s work. On the contrary, he encouraged and

supported him even more. Husayn Boyqaro's

attention and recognition played an important role in

Alisher Navoi’s becoming a great writer).

Navoi wants his ruler to be aware of his work, to

look at his writings and react. At the same time, he

asks to be the leader to write new works. It turns out

that Husayniy never looked at his friend's work

indifferently. On the contrary, he encouraged and

supported him even more. The attention and

recognition of Husayn Boyqaro played an important

role in Alisher Navoi's becoming of a great writer. As

a clear proof of our affirmation of our viewpoint,

following the completion of “Xamsa”, we can refer to

Sultan Husayn's stringent and high estimation of

Navoi's genius.

In “Xazoyin ul Maoniy” there are many verses

expressing that Navoi benefited from the kindness of

Husayn Boyqaro.

In the first section of “Sokiynama” from the

“Favoyid ul-kibar” office, an opinion was expressed

about Husayn Boyqaro and his descendants, and the

activities of the kingdom.

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Mulku kishvar eliga dod ayla, Adl ila ikkisin obod

ayla. Bir nafas ayshdin o‘lma g‘ofil, Ki, jahon mulki

erur behosil. Chu falak boisi g‘amdur, xush bo‘l,

Siymposhandayu sog‘arkash bo‘l (Hamidi H.

2011,685).

(Meaning: It can be seen from these verses that

Alisher Navoi urges Husayn Mirza to be even fairer,

to always be aware of the state of the nation, and not

to be careless even for a moment. Every second of

Navoi's nature, he is prone to greed and ambition. It

is important for the era, and for the fate of the country,

that Husayn Boyqaro, who is strong, strictly warns

him).

For the wellbeing of the era and the destiny of the

country, it is crucial that Navoi continually

admonishes Husayn Boyqaro, who shows signs of

greed and ambition, in every respect. Therefore,

Navoi amplifies the traits of Husayniy, portraying

him both a humble, dervish king and a ruler who loves

his people.

There are instances of discord between Boyqaro

and Navoi. However, Navoi, being the grand poet,

consistently extols the character of Shah Husayn

Mirza in all situations, even when it counters his own

feelings and interests. Navoi consistently upholds the

palace's rules and regulations with the utmost rigour.

In his Persian odes, Navoi articulated and

depicted Sultan Hussein's persona in a unique

manner.. In the preamble of “Sittai Zaruriya” it is

emphasized that because of the relationship of service

to As-sultonu binn-us-sulton muiz-zus-saltanati val

xilofat Abulg‘ozy Sulton Husayn Bahodurxon” and

emphasizes saying that the ruler ordered to collect the

Persian works in one place, Husayn Boyqaro knows

the value of words, and Navoi concedes that he is his

protege in the realm of poetic style.

In the final section of the ode “Saraton”, dedicated

to Husayn Boyqaro’s hymn, there are verses with

biographical significance, illustrating the extremely

close bond between Navoi and Husayn Mirza.

Shoho! Chu z-avval ba du sad ayb xaridi, In

bandai befoidai hechmadonro. Behtar zi tuam kas

nashinosad zi badu nek, Az neku badi man chi

yaqinro, chi gumonro. Az aybu hunar har chi tu

go‘yiki chunoni, Man banda qabul az dilu jon karda

hamonro (Alisher Navoi. 2011,76).

(Meaning: O king! You bought this worthless,

ignorant servant for two hundred sins. No one knows

my virtues and vices better than you. You know what

to approve of my goodness and wickedness, and what

to reject. Whatever you declare about my faults, I will

accept them wholeheartedly).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In Husayniy’s divan, there are instances of tatabbu’

and ghazals inspired by Navoi’s work. A table has

been compiled below to indicate the ghazals written

by Husayniy in the style of simulating which ghazal

from Alisher Navoi’s divan.

As can be seen from the table, the poetry of

Husayniy and Navoi has a common nature in terms of

form, ideological-poetic point of view, and a series of

symbols. In the divans of the two poets, there are

extremely close and harmonious verses. This

situation confirms how close they are, spiritually and

spiritually, in artistic creation.

4 CONCLUSION

When Husayn Boyqaro ascended the throne, he sent

a letter to Ahmad Mirza, Sultan of Samarkand, asking

him to allow Navoi to return to Herat. The letter

assured that if Navoi produces significant works in

the Turkish language, Husayn Baigaro will honour

and appreciate his friend Navoi.

Navoi highlighted the fact that the Sultan

summoned him to the palace, stating that “you bought

it for two hundred sins". It is a historical fact that

Husayn Mirza honoured his promise and the

friendship of two great figures became a lifelong

bond. Husayniy was the only individual who could

fully comprehend Alisher Navoi both as a person and

as a creator.

Other notes in “Fusuli arbaa” serve to enhance

and perfect the ideas in “Saraton”. The lifelong

friendship between Husayn Boyqaro and Alisher

Navoi was of utmost importance for the era in two

distinct ways:

First of all, in order to maintain the independence,

integrity, peace and prosperity of the Xuroson state,

they exhibited self-sacrifice day and night, as well as

cooperation and solidarity from all societal aspects.

On the other hand, these two friends followed

each other's work, evaluated it thoroughly and

objectively, recognized their position in the scientific

and literary process, and communicated and

demonstrated this to the public. This is a remarkably

rare occurrence in the history of our nation and serves

as an excellent example for future generations.

Navoi and Husayniy

267

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