Education and Skill Development: A Systematic Review
Pushpalata Bansode
Research Scholar, School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010 Chhattisgarh, India
Keywords: Skill Development, School and Higher Education, Real Life Skills, Employment, Profession, Pedagogy,
Career.
Abstract: It is important to empower students with skill-based training as the development of our economy depends
upon them. Here’s why skill development in school and in higher education is important. The skill
development process helps student think beyond grades or marks. It helps them top into their capabilities,
develops real-life skills, and prepares them to be successful in the career of their choice. Therefore, the need
to provide skill based learning in school and higher education to help students receive vocational training
besides academics to improve their chances of better employment and successful career. Today, there is a
greater demand for skilled workers. So, it becomes important that the pedagogy emphasizes skill development
for students that prepare them for their future careers. Present reviews try to find out the relationship between
education and skill development in students. A literature search using J-Gate, Google Scholar, review Science
Direct, Research gate, Academia, a data base. After examining different types of empirical papers it was found
that in most of the studies this variable (skills development in education) has been ignored by the researchers
working this area of research in India. Methodological and theoretical issues have been discussed.
1 INTRODUCTION
Education: Education certainly determines the
quality of an individual’s life. It improves one’s
knowledge, skills and develops the personality and
attitude. It affects the chances of employment for
people. An educated individual is probably very
likely to get a good job or better career options.
Education is a gradual process which brings positive
changes in human life and behavior. It can also define
as a process of acquiring knowledge through study or
imparting the knowledge by way of instructions or
some other practical procedure. It refers to the
discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching
and learning in schools or schools like environments
as opposed to various formal and informal means of
socialization. According to John Dewey “it is as the
process of the reconstruction of experience, giving it
a more socialized value through the medium of
increased individual efficiency. The goals of
education in terms of the relation between adult
society and to be-educated child. This relation is
unilateral if the goal of education is to impart
society’s readymade knowledge to the child (Jean
Piaget). Education is the great equalizer of the
conditions of men- the balance wheel of the social
machinery. It would allow to maintain a democracy,
if citizens of Republic understand something of the
true nature and functions of the government under
which they live (Horace Mann, 1796-1859, Father of
American Education).
Skills Development: Skill development helps build a
strong foundation for students at the school level. It
helps build self-esteem, confidence and leadership
skills which help them become more altruistic. It
develops problem-solving skills and collaboration. It
helps students become independent thinker and
encourages them to plan for their future. It also helps
student think beyond grades and top into their
capabilities, develop real life skills and prepare to be
successful in the career of their choice.
Method for Review - Literature Search
Procedure: Studies were identified through J- store,
Research Gate, Google Scholar, Science Direct. It
covers the period from 2014 to 2022. The review is
conducted using the search terms School Education,
Higher Education, Learning and Skills development.
Inclusion Criteria: Following are the inclusion
criteria: (1) empirical studies from peer reviewed
784
Bansode, P.
Education and Skill Development: A Systematic Review.
DOI: 10.5220/0012503600003792
Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
In Proceedings of the 1st Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies (PAMIR 2023), pages 784-789
ISBN: 978-989-758-687-3
Proceedings Copyright © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

journals (2) empirical studies in English language
only (3) quantitative research (4) qualitative research
(5) critical review article published in a peer reviewed
journal.
Exclusion Criteria: Following are exclusion criteria:
(1) Review before 2014 (2) Students from Primary
school.
Methodology:
The present review is based on the following six
parameters. (1) Research Design: (2) Validity of
Criterion variable: (3) Reliability coefficient of
predictor variable: (4) Validity and reliability
coefficient of different predictor measures on own
data: Statistical analysis: (6) Effect size.
Methodology of review studies:
All studies are based on Correlation research design
all the 100% (20) reviewed studies reported the
validity coefficient of criterion measures on their own
data in addition, 100% (20) reported the validity
reliability coefficient of criterion measures on their
own data. 100% (20) reviewed studies reported
validity or reliability coefficient of different predictor
measures on own data. Further, 100% (20) reviewed
studies controlled confounding variables by statistical
analysis. Moreover, 100% (20) reviewed studies
reported effect size.
Table: 1 Reviewed Studies.
S.
No.
Title Source Author/
Authors
Research
Design
Statistical
Analysis
Sample
Size
Results
1. Improving Quality
Education through
better working
Conditions of
Academic
Institutions
Journal of Ethnic and
Cultural Studies. 2020
Teguh B. &
Bulent, T.
Correlation SPSS 293 Working condition of
academic institutes
were significantly
correlated with
quality of education
to a great extent.
2. Education for
Sustainability:
Quality Education is
A Necessity in
Modern Day. How
far do the
Educational
institutions Facilitate
Quality Education?
Journal of Education
and Practice. 2016
Thangeda, A.,
et al.
Correlation SPSS 199 Significant
relationship between
awareness of
importance of quality
in education and
employment.
3. Analysis of
Educational Quality,
a Goal of Education
for All Policy
Higher Education
Studies. 2019.
9(1):100
Madani, R. A. Correlation - Secondary
data
Educational policies
cannot be treated as
one size fits all
endeavors due to
different educational
conditions and
surroundings of each
country.
4. Skill Development in
India: Challenges
and Opportunities
Indian Journal of
Science and
Technology, 2016.
9(48)
Sharma, L. &
Nagendra, A.
Correlation Computer
analysis
25 Review showed the
public private
partnership plays a
key and an important
role in the
development and
enhancement of skills.
5. Skill Development in
India- A Literature
Review
GIS-Zeitschrift fu
Geoinformatik. 2022.
9(1):1721
Behera, B. &
Gaur, M.
Correlation t-test 28 Review showed skill
development in India
and identified that
skill gaps are pressing
and critical issue.
6. Paper: “A Study of
Skill Development
for Employability
Enhancement”
JOUR. Gurav,
Annasaheb Head
2020/04/10
Gurav, A.S. Correlation SPSS 52 Required skills for
employability
enhancement and
perception of various
stakeholders are very
significant.
Education and Skill Development: A Systematic Review
785

7. Skill Development
training Fueling
Employability in
India
Xi’an Dianzi Keli
Daxue
Xuebao/Journal of
Xidian University,
2022. 16(2):332
Behera, B. &
Gaur, M.
Correlation - Skill Training
programs must
develop not only
technical skill, but
also transferable
skills.
8. Enhancing Rural
Youth Employability
with Skill
development
Towards Excellence.
An Indexed Referred
& Peer Reviewed
Journal of Higher
Education /Dr.
Padmawati
Undale/Page 702-708,
2021, 13(2).
Undale, P. S. Correlation SPSS 47 Lack of awareness
about need and
importance of skill
development, rural
youths are lacking
behind in skill
development.
9. Skill Development in
Educational
Institutions.
International Journal
of Trend in Scientific
Research and
Development. 2020.
8(5). ISSN: 2456-
6470, pp 1651-1663.
Chaturvedi, R.
& et al.
Correlation Computer
analysis
27 Significantly related
with quality function
deployment, effective
strategy, mould the
career of students,
speedy recruitment.
10. A Study on Skill
Development
Programs for Rural
Youth in India
International Journal
of Modern
Management, Applied
Science & Social
Science
(IJEMMASSS)
2020,V. 2,38-41.
Banajawad,
V.T. & Adi,
M.S.
Correlation descriptive Secondary
data
It is urgently needed
to assimilate skills
development into
rural policies,
agricultural policies
and private sector
development and
entrepreneurship
policies.
11. Perception of
Trainees Skill
Development
Program
International Journal
of Innovative Science
and Research
Technology.2020,
5(12).
Agarwal, S.,
Dwivedi, S. &
Ghai, R.
Correlation Results of skill
development program
is not as expected and
the mission is a
failure.
12. S)kill development
Strategy and
Employability of
Workforce in India
(Make in India
Movement)
Open Access
International Journal
of Science &
Engineering. 2017.
2(7).
Pandey, A. &
Nema, D.K.
Correlation Computer
analysis
Secondary
data
It is significant to
emphasis on the skills
development program
which fulfill the
industry prerequisite
by providing an
appropriate Indian
labor force to them.
13. Efficacy of Skill
Development
Techniques:
Empirical Evidence
Journal of Education
and Educational
Development. 2014,
1(2), 134-144
Gul, E. Correlation Kutosis
value
75 Students learned the
skill more rapidly
when they are
allowed to use their
initiative and
judgment in a mutual
practice technique of
skill development.
14. Skill Development in
Punjab: A Critique
Study of Initiative,
Challenges and Way
Forward
Amity Journal of
Entrepreneurship
2018. 3(1), 24-34.
Kaur, J. &
Dogra, M.
Correlation Computer
analysis
Secondary
data
State level strategy
based on quality
training and effective
measures of
improvement will
certainly lead to an
increase in
productivity and
diversification of the
economy.
15. Analysing the Impact
of Skill India as a
Tool for Reshaping
Indian Economy
International Journal
of Research and
Analytical Reviews.
2019. 16(1)
ISSN2349-5138,
EISSN2348-1269.
Arora, R. &
Chhadwani,
M.
Correlation Computer
analysis
Secondary
data
There is an urgent
need to impart skills
in more efficient way.
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16. An Insight into
Study of Skill
Development of
Management Student
Rai Management
Journal.2017. 14(1).
Ritwika, R. &
Battacharyya
R.
Correlation SWOT
Analysis
People skills will be
helpful for
management graduate
in effective
interaction with
others in the
organization.
17. Significance of Life
Skills Education
Contemporary Issues
in Education
Research-2017. 10(1).
Prajapati, R.,
Sharma, B. &
Sharma, D.
Correlation t-test Secondary
data
Importance of life
skill education is
significantly related
to coping skills with
future challenges and
survival.
18. Work, skills
development for
employability an
education for
sustainable
developmen
t
Educ Res Prac (2017),
6: 123-140
Maclean, R. &
Ordonez, V.
Correlation t-test Secondary
data
Fundamental changes
in the nature of work
impact directly on
skills development for
employability and
workforce education.
19. Effectiveness of Skill
Development
Schemes and its
Impact on
Entrepreneurship
Journal of Emerging
Technologies and
Innovative Research.
2021. 8(9).
Aggarwal, M.
& Dutta, A.
Correlation Computer
analysis
50 +
secondary
data
The skill
developmental
courses are effective
for getting employed
and for more
employability
opportunity.
20. Research based
learning for Skill
Development of
Engineering
Graduates: An
empirical study.
Procedia
Manufacturing. 2019.
31(1), 323-329.
Singh, R., et
al.
Correlation t-test 50 Significantly related
to development of
problem solving,
domain knowledge,
language and
communication 7
information
technology general
learning, academic
knowledge, attitude
and ethics skills.
Table 2: Methodological Assessment of Reviewed Studies.
Studies Parameters
S.
No.
Authors Year Research
Design
Validity of
Criterion
Variable
Reliability
Coefficient of
Predictor
Variable
Validity and
Reliability
Coefficient
of Different
Predictor
Measure on
Own Data
Statistical
Analysis
Effect Size
1. Teguh B. &
Bulent T.
2020 1 1 1 1 1 1
2. Thangeda, A. et
al
2016 0 1 1 1 1 1
3. Madani, R.A. 2019 0 1 1 1 0 1
4. Sharma, L. &
Nagendra, A.
2016 1 1 1 1 1 1
5. Behera, B. &
Gaur, M.
2022 0 1 1 1 1 1
6. Gurav, A. S. 2020 0 1 1 1 1 1
7. Behera, B. &
Gaaur, M.
2022 0 1 1 1 0 1
8. Undale, P.S. 2021 0 1 1 1 1 1
9. Chaturvedi, R. &
et al.
2018 0 1 1 1 1 1
10. Banajwad, V.T.
& Adi, M.S.
2020 0 1 1 1 0 1
Education and Skill Development: A Systematic Review
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11. Agarwal, S.,
Dwivedi, S. &
Ghai, R.
2020 0 1 1 1 0 1
12. Pandey, A. &
Nema, D.K.
2017 0 1 1 1 1 1
13. Gul, E. 2014 0 1 1 1 1 1
14. Kaur, J. &
Dogra, M.
2018 0 1 1 1 1 1
15. Arora, R. &
Chhadwani, M.
2019 0 1 1 1 1 1
16. Ritwika, R. &
Bhattacharya, R.
2017 0 1 1 1 1 1
17. Prajapati, R.,
Sharma, B. &
Sharma, D.
2017 0 1 1 1 1 1
18. Maclean, R. &
Ordonez, V.
2017 0 1 1 1 1 1
19 Aggarwal, M. &
Dutta, A.
2021 0 1 1 1 1 1
20. Singh, R. et al. 2019 0 1 1 1 1 1
2 DISCUSSION
The result revealed that role of education is
significant predictor of skills development. Role of
education is positively related to various variables
like working condition of academic institute,
awareness of importance of quality in education and
employment, educational policies, public, private
partnerships, conceptual work, occupational skills,
educational outcomes, employability enhancement,
perception of stakeholders, technical skills,
awareness of rural youth, quality function,
deployment, career of students, speedy recruitment,
rural, agricultural policies, placement facility to link
trainees and industries learned skills, mutual practice
technique quality training, productivity,
diversification of economy, skills in more efficient
way, effective interaction, importance of life skill
education life coping, house training, incentive
cooperation, employability, inspiration to learn and
employability opportunity, self reliant to live,
development of problem solving, domain knowledge,
language, communication information technology,
attitude and ethics skills, development of scope,
strategy, recruitment and training process, right skills,
transformation of knowledge into skills, quality
training, infrastructure output, focus on unorganized
sectors and workplace aspirants and lack of
certification etc. Research studies employed simple
random technique, while some other studies
employed stratified area and incidental cum random
sampling techniques. Most studies used various
statistical analysis techniques like computer analysis,
qualitative, descriptive analysis, SPSS, Chi square,
regression analysis and multi variable analysis.
Reviewed studies employed both longitude and cross
sectional research design, that are provide evidences
regarding the degree of relationship among factors
and the degree of relationship among factors and
causal relationship among factors. Several reviewed
studies controlled confounding variables by different
statistical analysis. Reviewed studies reported effect
size.
3 CONCLUSION
Making students skillful is the ultimate aim of
education or teaching. This study is carried out to
know the effectiveness of the skills development
program and how not skills development programs
are affecting the highly educated people and their
development and society as well. This review paper
gives vivid view on various psychological and social
factors that link the relation between Education and
skills development program both impact on educated
people and society. The findings of the studies on
education and skills development show significant
relationship with condition of academic institute,
awareness of importance of quality education and
employment, education policies, academic and
vocational skills, occupational skills, technical skills,
skills in more efficient way, effective interaction,
importance of life skill education with life coping,
educational outcome with employability
enhancement, career of students, speedy recruitment,
placement facility to link trainee and industries,
learned skills, mutual practice technique, quality
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training, productivity, diversification of economy,
workforce education, house training, incentive
cooperation, self-reliant to live. Finally, this paper
also considers the importance of the relationship
among student parents and teachers, employability
skills, social norms and values of human society.
Such area which is need to search and find out the
better outcome of students.
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