BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION USING BRAIN RESPONSES TO VISUAL STIMULI

André Zúquete, Bruno Quintela, João Paulo Silva Cunha

2010

Abstract

This paper studies the suitability of brain activity, namely electroencephalogram signals, as raw material for conducting biometric authentication of individuals. Brain responses were extracted with visual stimulation, leading to biological brain responses known as Visual Evoked Potentials. We evaluated a novel method, using only 8 occipital electrodes and the energy of differential EEG signals, to extract information about the subjects for further use as their biometric features. To classify the features obtained from each individual, we used a one-class classifier per subject and we tested four types of classifiers: K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Data Description and two other classifiers resulting from the combination of the two ones previously mentioned. After testing these four classifiers with features of 70 subjects, the results showed that visual evoked potentials are suitable for an accurate biometric authentication.

References

  1. Bas¸ar, E. (1980). Relation between EEG and Brain Evoked Potentials. In EEG-Brain Dynamics. Elsevier, NorthHolland biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
  2. Bas¸ar, E., Rosen, B., Bas¸ar-Eroglu, C., and Greitschus, F. (1987). The associations between 40 Hz-EEG the Middle Latency Response of the Auditory and Evoked Potential. The Int. J. of Neuroscience, 33(1-2):103- 117.
  3. Basar, E., Basar-Eroglu, C., Demiralp, T., and Schrmann, M. (1995). Time and Frequency Analysis of the Brain's Distributed Gamma-Band System. IEEE Eng. in Medicine and Biology, 14:400-410.
  4. Davies, D. and Bouldin, D. (1979). A Cluster Separation Measure. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Mach. Intelligence, 1(2):224-227.
  5. Elman, J. L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14(2):179-211.
  6. Galambos, R. (1992). A comparison of certain gamma band (40-Hz) brain rhythms in cat and man. In Induced Rhythms in the Brain, pages 201-216. Birkhuser, Boston, MA, USA.
  7. Gruber, T., Mller, M. M., and Keil, A. (2002). Modulation of Induced Gamma Band Responses in a Perceptual Learning Task in the Human EEG. J. of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(5):732-744.
  8. Jain, A., Hong, L., and Pankanti, S. (2000). Biometric Identification. Comm. of the ACM, 43(2):90-98.
  9. Kasuba, T. (1993). Simplified Fuzzy ARTMAP. AI Expert, pages 18-25.
  10. Keil, A., Mller, M. M., Ray, W. J., Gruber, T., and Elbert, T. (1999). Human Gamma Band Activity and Perception of a Gestalt. The J. of Neuroscience, 19(16):7152- 7161.
  11. Kohonen, T. (1989). Self-organization and associative memory: 3rd edition. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
  12. Marcel, S. and de R. Milln, J. (2007). Person Authentication Using Brainwaves (EEG) and Maximum A Posteriori Model Adaptation. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Mach. Intelligence, 29(4):743-748.
  13. Palaniappan, R. (2004). Method of identifying individuals using VEP signals and neural network. IEE Proc. - Science Measurement and Technology, 151(1):16-20.
  14. Palaniappan, R. (2008). Two-stage biometric authentication method using thought activity brain waves. Int. J. of Neural Systems, 18(1).
  15. Palaniappan, R. and Mandic, D. P. (2005). Energy of Brain Potentials Evoked During Visual Stimulus: A New Biometric? In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Artificial Neural Networks: Formal Models and Their Applications (ICANN 2005), LNCS 3697, pages 735-740. Springer.
  16. Palaniappan, R. and Mandic, D. P. (2007). EEG Based Biometric Framework for Automatic Identity Verification. J. of VLSI Signal Processing, 49:243-250.
  17. Poulos, M., Rangousi, M., and Kafetzopoulos, E. (1998). Person identification via the EEG using computational geometry algorithms. In Proc. of the 9th European Signal Processing (EUSIPCO'98), pages 2125-2128, Rhodes, Greece.
  18. Poulos, M., Rangoussi, M., Chrissikopoulos, V., and Evangelou, A. (1999). Person Identification Based on Parametric Processing of the EEG. In Proc. of the 6th IEEE Int. Conf. on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), pages 283-286.
  19. Ravi, K. V. R. and Palaniappan, R. (2005a). Leave-one-out Authentication of Persons Using 40 Hz EEG Oscillations. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on ”Computer as a tool” (EUROCON 2005), Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro.
  20. Ravi, K. V. R. and Palaniappan, R. (2005b). Recognising Individuals Using Their Brain Patterns. In Proc. of the 3th Int. Conf. on Information Tech. and Applications (ICITA'05). IEEE Computer Society.
  21. Ravi, K. V. R. and Palaniappan, R. (2006). Neural network classification of late gamma band electroencephalogram features. Soft Computing, 10:163-169.
  22. Riera, A., Soria-Frisch, A., Caparrini, M., Grau, C., and Ruffini, G. (2008). Unobtrusive Biometric System Based on Electroencephalogram Analysis. EURASIP J. on Advances in Signal Processing, 2008.
  23. Sivakumar, R. and Ravindran, G. (2006). Identification of Intermediate Latencies in Transient Visual Evoked Potentials. Academic Open Internet J., 17.
  24. Snodgrass, J. G. and Vanderwart, M. (1980). A Standardized Set of 260 Pictures: Norms for Name Agreement, Image Agreement, Familarity and Visual Complexity. J. of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6(2):174-215.
  25. Sun, S. (2008). Multitask learning for eeg-based biometrics. In 19th Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2008), Tampa, Florida, USA.
  26. Tallon-Baudry, C., Bertrand, O., Peronnet, F., and Pernier, J. (1998). Induced g-Band Activity during the Delay of a Visual Short-Term Memory Task in Humans. The J. of Neuroscience, 18(11):4244-4254.
  27. Tax, D. M. J. (2001). One-class classification; Conceptlearning in the absence of counter-examples. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
  28. W. Lutzenberger and F. Pulvermllera and T. Elbertb and N. Birbaumer (1995). Visual stimulation alters local 40-Hz responses in humans: an EEG-study. Neuroscience Letters, 183(1-2):39-42.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Zúquete A., Quintela B. and Cunha J. (2010). BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION USING BRAIN RESPONSES TO VISUAL STIMULI . In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing - Volume 1: BIOSIGNALS, (BIOSTEC 2010) ISBN 978-989-674-018-4, pages 103-112. DOI: 10.5220/0002750101030112


in Bibtex Style

@conference{biosignals10,
author={André Zúquete and Bruno Quintela and João Paulo Silva Cunha},
title={BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION USING BRAIN RESPONSES TO VISUAL STIMULI},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing - Volume 1: BIOSIGNALS, (BIOSTEC 2010)},
year={2010},
pages={103-112},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0002750101030112},
isbn={978-989-674-018-4},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing - Volume 1: BIOSIGNALS, (BIOSTEC 2010)
TI - BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION USING BRAIN RESPONSES TO VISUAL STIMULI
SN - 978-989-674-018-4
AU - Zúquete A.
AU - Quintela B.
AU - Cunha J.
PY - 2010
SP - 103
EP - 112
DO - 10.5220/0002750101030112