Modeling and Performance Optimization of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine for the Avoidance of Knocking

Michela Costa, Ugo Sorge, Paolo Sementa, Bianca Maria Vaglieco

2014

Abstract

The paper applies simulation techniques for the prediction and optimization of the thermo-fluid-dynamic phenomena characterising the energy conversion process in an internal combustion engine. It presents the development and validation of a 3D CFD model for a GDI optically accessible engine operating either under stoichiometric homogeneous charges or under overall lean mixtures. The model validation is realized on the ground of experimental measurements of the in-cylinder pressure cycle and of the available optical images. The model comprehends properly developed sub-models for the spray dynamics and the spray-wall interaction. This last is particularly important due to the nature of the mixture formation mode, being of the wall-guided type. In the stoichiometric mixture case, the possible occurrence of knocking is also considered by means of a sub-model able to reproduce the pre-flame chemical activity. The CFD tool is finally included in a properly formulated optimization problem aimed at minimizing the engine specific fuel consumption with the avoidance of knocking. The optimization, performed through a non-evolutionary algorithm, allows determining the best engine control parameters (spark advance and start of injection).

References

  1. Alkidas, A. C., 2007. Combustion advancements in gasoline engines, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 48, pp. 2751-2761.
  2. Allocca, L., Costa, M., Montanaro, A., Sementa, P., Sorge, U., Vaglieco, B.M., 2012. Characterization of the Mixture Formation Process in a GDI Engine Operating in Stratified Mode, 12th Triennial Int. Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Heidelberg.
  3. Carling, R. W., 2010. Predictive Simulation of Combustion Engine Performance in an Evolving Fuel Environment, Sandia National Laboratories.
  4. Colin, O., Benkenida, A., Angelberger, C., 2003. 3D Modeling of Mixing, Ignition and Combustion Phenomena in Highly Stratified Gasoline Engines, Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP Energies Nouvelles, Vol. 58, pp. 47-62.
  5. Costa, M., Sorge, U., Allocca, L., 2012. CFD optimization for GDI spray model tuning and enhancement of engine performance, Advances in Engineering Software, Vol. 49, pp. 43-53.
  6. Costa, M., Marchitto, L., Merola, S.S., Sorge, U., 2014. Study of mixture formation and early flame development in a research GDI engine through numerical simulation and UV-digital imaging, Energy, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.114.
  7. Dukowicz, J.K., 1979. Quasi-steady droplet change in the presence of convection, informal report Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos Report LA7997- MS.
  8. Griffiths, J.F., Hughes, K.J., Schreiber, M., Poppe, C., Dryer, F.L., 1994. A unified approach to the reduced kinetic modeling of alkane combustion, Combustion and Flame, Vol. 99 (3-4), pp. 533-540.
  9. Halstead, M.P., Kirsch, L.J., Quinn, C.P., 1977. The autoignition of hydrocarbon fuel at high temperatures and pressures-fitting of a mathematical model, Combustion and Flame, Vol. 30, pp. 45-60.
  10. Heywood, J.B., 1988. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, New York: McGraw-Hill.
  11. Huh, K.Y., Gosman, A.D., 1991. A phenomenological model of diesel spray atomisation, International Conference on Multiphase Flows, Tsukuba, Japan.
  12. Kuhnke, D., 2004. “Spray Wall Interaction Modeling by Dimensionless Data Analysis”, PhD thesis, Technische Universität Darmstadt.
  13. Leppard, W.R, 1991. The autoignition chemistries of octane-enhancing ethers and cyclic ethers: A motored engine study, SAE Paper 912313.
  14. Li, H., Prabhu, S., Miller, D., Cernansky, N., 1994. Autoignition Chemistry Studies on Primary Reference Fuels in a Motored Engine, SAE Tech. Paper 942062.
  15. Mundo, C., Sommerfeld, M., Tropea, C., 1995. DropletWall Collisions: Experimental Studies of the Deformation and Breakup Process, International Journal of Multiphase Flows, Vol. 21(2), pp. 151-173.
  16. Nelder, J. A., Mead, R., 1965. A simplex method for function minimization, Computer Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 308-313.
  17. Nordin, W.H., 2001. Complex Modeling of Diesel Spray Combustion, Thesis (PhD), Chalmers University of Technology.
  18. Oh H. C., Bae C. S., 2013. Effects of the injection timing on spray and combustion characteristics in a sprayguided DISI engine under lean-stratified operation, Fuel, Vol. 107, pp. 225-235.
  19. O'Rourke, P.J., Bracco, F.V., 1980. Modeling of Drop Interactions in Thick Sprays and a Comparison with Experiments, IMECHE, London.
  20. Park, C. Kim, S., Kim, H. Moriyoshi, Y., 2012. Stratified lean combustion characteristics of a spray-guided combustion system in a gasoline direct injection engine, Energy, Vol. 41, pp. 401-407.
  21. Ramos, J. I., 1989. Internal Combustion Engine Modelling, CRC Press.
  22. Stan, C., 2000. Direct injection systems for spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines, SAE Publication.
  23. Shi, Y., Ge, H. W., Reitz, R. D., 2011. Computational Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines, Springer-Verlag. London.
  24. Thévenin, D., Janiga, G. (Eds.), 2008. Optimization and Computational Fluid Dynamics, Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg.
  25. Zeldovich, Y.B., Sadovnikov, P.Y., Frank-Kamenetskii, D.A., 1947. Oxidation of Nitrogen in Combustion, Translation by M. Shelef, Academy of Sciences of USSR, Institute of Chemical Physics, MoscowLeningrad.
  26. Zhao, H., Ladommatos, N., 2001. Engine Combustion Instrumentation and Diagnostics, SAE Int. Inc..
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Costa M., Sorge U., Sementa P. and Vaglieco B. (2014). Modeling and Performance Optimization of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine for the Avoidance of Knocking . In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications - Volume 1: SIMULTECH, ISBN 978-989-758-038-3, pages 484-496. DOI: 10.5220/0005040204840496


in Bibtex Style

@conference{simultech14,
author={Michela Costa and Ugo Sorge and Paolo Sementa and Bianca Maria Vaglieco},
title={Modeling and Performance Optimization of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine for the Avoidance of Knocking},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications - Volume 1: SIMULTECH,},
year={2014},
pages={484-496},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0005040204840496},
isbn={978-989-758-038-3},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications - Volume 1: SIMULTECH,
TI - Modeling and Performance Optimization of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine for the Avoidance of Knocking
SN - 978-989-758-038-3
AU - Costa M.
AU - Sorge U.
AU - Sementa P.
AU - Vaglieco B.
PY - 2014
SP - 484
EP - 496
DO - 10.5220/0005040204840496