A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT
TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA SITUATION AND THE
“YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM
Masahiro Aruga
1,4
, Shuichiro Ono
2
and Shuichi Kato
3,4
1
Department of Human and Information Science
School of Information Science and Technology, Tokai University, Japan
2
Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kitakaname 1117, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
3
Graduate School of Informatics, Teikyo Heisei University, Uruido-Aza-Otani2289-23, Ichihara-shi, Chiba-ken, Japan
4
Institute of Intelligent Communications (corporative NPO, Japan), Kashiwanoha 5-4-6
Kashiwa-shi, Chiba-ken, Japan
Keywords: The “YUBITSUKI”, the dementia, the blind deaf person, the information content, Peirce’s semiotic.
Abstract: The communication among the blind deaf persons and others became more easy than before using the
“YUBITSUKI” system. When they become dementia it is estimated that the “YUBITSUKI” system shows
some information processing signal of the situation corresponding to the dementia situation. Therefore, it is
important that the structure model of information process and information content applied to this situation
are made clear. In this paper, firstly the outline of the “YUBITSUKI” system working is described and the
necessity of analysis of information structure of such communicating situation is shown. As a result, it is
described that it is important for the new information content different from the Shannon’s ordinary
information content to be introduced into the analysis of information process of dementia and its
communicating structure with the “YUBITSUKI” system, and an example of consideration with regard to
the elements of the new information content is proposed on the basis of discussing Peirce’s semiotic and
other concepts of some information elements.
1 INTRODUCTION
The “YUBITSUKYI: the name of terminal of a
communication tool” system has been developed for
the blind deaf persons to communicate with each
other and with other people (of course involving the
ordinary people). And it has been researched by
authors for the “YUBITSUKYI” system to be
embedded into the Life Support System which has
been developed from the Expanded EMR (Electric
or Electronic Medical Record) system as a
communication module system among the
handicapped persons, especially the blind deaf
persons and the others to involve the ordinary
people. Here, the word “the Expanded EMR system”
(which is the system that authors have subjected
from the beginning.) is used as a name of the system
which has wider and deeper concept than ordinary
EMR has. Then it has been estimated that the Life
Support System shows some useful signal data
containing the information to be able to find the
dementia situation, especially to be able to find the
dementia of blind deaf persons by discussing the
information of operation of such YUBITSUKYI
system as a module of the Life Support System. And
the consideration of such operating information is
very important and useful to analyze the information
process and the communication state among the
blind deaf persons and others. Especially the
quantitative consideration of the information process
is not only important and useful but also needed to
analyze the information and communication
mechanism in dementia situation not only of the
blind deaf persons but also of others (including the
ordinary people). The dementia is caused by the
disease of brain and by any other many reasons. In
the dementia situation some difficulties are made in
the brain and nervous system, and the patients of
dementia lose their memories and discernments and
so on, which were obtained before. As a result they
have some big difficulties on their ordinal life styles.
Especially the Alzheimer’s disease not only makes
339
Aruga M., Ono S. and Kato S. (2008).
A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA SITUATION AND THE “YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM.
In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems - HCI, pages 339-345
DOI: 10.5220/0001684203390345
Copyright
c
SciTePress
the big obstacle on memories for recognition, but
also makes the disease progressive. Furthermore the
frequency of its arising becomes higher and higher
as the age becomes older and older, and there is the
case that it cannot be found when and where this
disease arises. Therefore nowadays this disease is
seamed as a difficult disease of nervous system
which has been making some social problems. On
the other hand the blind deaf persons are the
handicapped persons who have the double
difficulties not only on the sense of sight, but also on
the auditory sense. For this reason their dementia
situation is very difficult to be found with the
method for ordinary people. But recently some their
communication methods have been developed, for
example, the finger Braille and the ” YUBITUKYI”
system are those ones. [see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure
3] As a result it has been estimated that using such
communication methods the dada of dementia of
these handicapped people and the other relational
data are obtained. Therefore firstly the outline of the
” YUBITUKYI” system is described and the
discussing points of its communication process with
regard to information content are considered.
Secondly considering the application to the dementia
of them and ordinary people the Peirce’s Semiotic are
discussed to analyze the recognition process of human
being and introduce the new information theories and
contents by the consideration of virtual realty. Thirdly
on the idea of the interpretant which the Peirce’s
Semiotic introduced and named an example of a first
step of new information content and method of
analysis of such dementia situation is proposed and
the related concepts are described, there, it is
described that as the quantitative expression method
of the Shannon’s information theory is not sufficient
for such dementia situation this kind of new
information content and new analyzing method are
needed to be introduced for quantitatively analyzing
such dementia situation (involving ordinary people’s
dementia situation) and the structure of
communication process of such handicapped and
dementia people. Finally in the conclusion and further
works it is shown for the new information content to
be able to be applied to the dementia situation.
2 THE OUTLINE OF FUNCTION
OF THE ”YUBITSUKYI”
SYSTEM AND THE
CONSIDERATION OF ITS
INFORMATION PROCESS
In today’s Japan it is seamed that there are about
20,000 blind deaf persons. Therefore from this point
of view it is estimated that there are more much
blind deaf persons in whole present world. But until
now the sufficient support system of them has not
yet developed, though it is so, recently some
communication systems have been developed
although they are not sufficient. For example the
Finger Braille and the ” YUBITUKYI” system have
been developed. [see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3]
Here the outline of functions of the ” YUBITUKYI”
system is described. The ” YUBITUKYI” system
has been developed for the blind deaf persons to
communicate with each others and with other
persons. Now it is discussed for this system to be
embedded as a module into the Life Support System
which is expanded from the Expanded EMR on the
base of Linux Operating System. And this system is
made on the basis of the Finger Braille
communication technique. Then it is estimated that
the Life Support System can show the information
corresponding to the dementia situation and the
quantitative information process of them through the
"YUBITSUKYI” system of its a module. The
"YUBITSUKYI” system is a kind of system to
communicate among the blind deaf persons and
others. The word "YUBITSUKYI”(see Figure 3) is
the name of this communication terminal tool in the
"YUBITSUKYI” system. The "YUBITSUKYI"
system is made by the use of vibrating points of the
tools “YUBITSUKYIs”. In the finger Braille
technique the total six fingers of right and left hand
from the index finger to the third finger are used
along the method of the Braille system to have two
kinds of expression point patterns of Convex side
and Concave side. Here Japanese point patterns are
treated and discussed to consider the information
content with regard to the dementia situation. The
finger Braille technique in Japan has been developed
in the direct touch method to be able to send the
finger patterns meaning Japanese characters to the
blind deaf person from the transmission side partner
on the basis of the Braille rules. In the Figure 1 a
Braille pattern of Japanese character "ka" is shown,
and it is shown in symmetrical patterns of
expression of the Braille. The finger Braille patterns
are made in the corresponding number fingers to
ICEIS 2008 - International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems
340
show a character of the Braille patterns. The
“YUBITUKYI” system is constructed to use this
finger Braille patterns of characters, that is, the
pattern made by the six vibrating points of its mobile
terminal devices “YUBITUKYIs” can give the
character patterns corresponding to the patterns of
six fingers of the finger Braille.
The “YUBITUKYI” is the electrical devices which
have been improved at present. Therefore, the data
of the “YUBITUKYI” can be treated with electric
methods and its data processing is made with
electric signals processing and their transformed
signals processing. At the same time, those signals
processing can directly give the information in the
data of the “YUBITUKYI” system as the
information processing data.
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
5
6
1
2
3
点字凸側
点字凹側
3 2 1 4 5 6 6 5 4 1 2 3
左手 左手右手 右手
図 1 文字 「指点字との対
Convex side Concave side
Braille Braille
T
he finger Braille
The finger Braille
Left hand Right hand Left hand Right hand
Figure 1: The correspondence of Braille and the Finger
Braille.
Figure 2: The Finger Braille.
Figure 3: The ” YUBITUKYIs” (Left:Ver.1, Right:
Ver.2).
Holding the joysticks and vibrating the vibrating
points of the ” YUBITUKYI” terminals with both
hands the users can send and receive the
conversation signals from each joystick terminals.
When the users need to transmit their
communicating information signals to their
companies, they can send those signals to strike 1-6
vibrating points of the ” YUBITUKYI” terminals.
And when they want to receive those signals from
their partners they are able to receive their partners
communicating information signals from the
vibration of 1-6 vibrating points of the ”
YUBITUKYI” terminals. As a result the mutual
communication among such users have become
easier than before. And the “YUBITSUKYIs” are
portable terminals and the users are able to
ordinarily and freely walk carrying them and to use
them anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, the
“YUBITUKYI” system has some optional functions,
for instance, a REPEATER TAG function, a
BROADCASTY function etc. The “YUBITUKYI”
system can receive the telegram message of Braille
from the attaching TAG to every objects which has
the recorded memory about the object for it to be
pasted to, therefore the blind deaf persons can know
the information of characters of the object, for
example, its existence position, size, material
character, form, other necessary characters and so on,
from the signal of TAG without direct touching of
the object, although they could not know those
characters without direct touching of the object
before the” YUBITSUKYI” system had not been
developed. Namely, by the using such function the
blind deaf persons can get their present and
surrounding information without contacting the
objects directly. Moreover, the BROADCASTY
function of the “YUBITSUKYI” system can give
the users the telegram messages translated by the
computer into finger Braille, and can broadcast these
translated messages, and can display the text
document. Even if the partner of users does not
know finger Braille technique, the natural
communication among such people can be
performed immediately using such functions.
Nowadays the blind deaf persons are intercepted
from almost all information media, such as
television and newspaper and so on, and it is
difficult for them to talk even with their family. As
a result today is the indispensable system for the
blind deaf person in order to live among the healthy
persons. As the expanded function the equipment
like the voice input interface, such as a microphone,
can be used in the processing of communicating
information of the “YUBITSUKYI” system. There
A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA
SITUATION AND THE “YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM
341
the communicated voice can be translated into finger
Braille, and can be transmitted to the blind deaf
persons with such function as a module of the Life
Support System expanded from the Expanded EMR
system on the basis of Linux system. Furthermore,
ordinarily the blind deaf persons cannot directly
understand the automatic voice guidance service
used recently, but the “YUBITSUKYI” system can
solve such problem and make the communication
between the users and automatic voice guidance
service. And the “YUBITSUKYI” system
embedded into the Life Support System can make
the measurement of signal changing from ordinary
situation, that is ; it is able to be measured that the
other conditions are added to the original signal.
Therefore, in order to make the diagnosis of disease
to affect the communication the “YUBITSUKYI”
system and the equipment system like the voice
input interface are able to be estimated to be used as
a module of the Life Support System. And it is also
able to be estimated that the “YUBITSUKYI”
system can give the diagnosis of early dementia not
only of the blind deaf person but also of the ordinary
people by analyzing its data to show the changing
and in a sense abnormal state from the ordinary
situation.
Then it is needed for the information processing
structure and information contents obtained from the
“YUBITSUKYI” system to be discussed. Here
going into the first step of discussion of the
information processing structure and information
contents of the “YUBITSUKYI” system of a module
of the Life Support System the most simple case is
taken up for discussion of the information
processing structure and contents applied to the
dementia situation. That is; although the joysticks of
the ” YUBITUKYI” terminals have total 8 vibrating
points the 2 points in those are the points for the
functions of its system. Therefore the 6 points of
them are considered, which show the fundamental
Braille in Japanese. In this case the information
content of the ” YUBITUKYI” terminals is 6 bits if
it is calculated by the Shannon’s theorem when the
active state of vibrating points of the joysticks is
able to be defined to be the events of the Shannon’s
theory meaning the ON or the OFF. As a result total
2
6
= 64 patterns of Japanese character can be
considered. And as each pattern can express each
character of Japanese the combination of such
patterns constructs some Japanese words and
sentences. If ordinary state, it is able to be forward
assumed that such 64 patterns are alphabets of
information source and their alphabets can
synthesize Japanese words and sentences and on this
assumption the analysis of information process and
communicating structure among users is able to be
performed. But if the dementia situation is treated,
for the characteristics of dementia like the difficulty
of remembrance the event of the ON or the OFF is
not necessarily able to be made clear when vibrating
6 points of the joysticks. Then inevitably the
character patterns are not able to be recognized and
understood clearly and definitely. Therefore, the
discussion of information content idea over the
Shannon’s theory is needed for the analysis of
information process of dementia situation. Now
some directions of consideration of the new
information content exist. For instance, at least the
following 3 cases are able to be considered.
Case 1: Considering the information content
entirely and essentially different from the
information content of Shannon’s theory. This case
has studied by authors in parallel, but this case will
be taken up in other paper. .
Case 2: Considering the information content
from the stand point taking account of the
Philosophy and the structure of the recognition of
human beings. This case has been advanced by
authors to some extent, and has been presented in
this paper considering the Peirce’s Semiotic.
Case 3: Considering the information content
from the stand point taking account of the concept of
Fussy Set to be applied for the dementia situation
and to be expanded over the information content of
Shannon’s theory. At this time this case 3 is not
taken up and will be taken up in other papers.
In this paper the Case 2 is treated and discussed
to introduce the new information content by
examining the Peirce’s Semiotic and the virtual
realty. The dementia situation has its special
recognizing spaces different from the ordinary real
spaces. It is able to be said that this situation has
something like virtual spaces and the analysis of
virtual realty is overlapped to the analysis of the
dementia state. From this point of view it is
estimated that the consideration of the Peirce’s
Semiotic and the virtual realty are useful to analyze
the dementia situation. The virtual reality is
generally understood like a pseudo experience of
various senses and a kind of the situation which is
caused by virtual world formed by some computer
technologies and an electronic network systems.
And it is seamed too like an appearance and form
being not source substance itself.
ICEIS 2008 - International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems
342
3 THE CONSIDERATION OF THE
PEIRCE’S SEMIOTIC AND THE
VIRTUAL REALITY
From the today’s definition it shows such meaning
as “Existing in essence or effect though not in actual
fact or form”. Namely, this word of “Virtual” means
that the appearance of the object is different, but the
effect of the object is almost same. The real world
objects have something to come from the essence of
them, and from such meaning the virtual objects
must be able to have something to show the
equivalent effect for the essence of them. That is;
some characteristics of the virtual reality are
artificially realized by the human being extracting
the important elements and essences among
components of the real world, the virtual reality can
be said as "artificial reality". The virtual reality gives
us such a sense as there exists what is not existing
really on the front of us as the thing to be
observable. Therefore, the human recognition
system and its mechanism are needed to be
discussed from many sides to include a
consideration of the Peirce’s Semiotic. Although
many modern researchers of virtual reality recognize
the forming of virtual reality on the epistemology of
Kant, but the consideration of virtual reality on the
basis of the epistemology of Kant has following two
problems,
that is;
(1) there is no sign of the semiotic view to be able
to make the object evoke the subjectivity,
and
(2) the existence of the thing in itself which we
cannot know is recognized.
On the other hand, the process of recognition of
human being is analyzed more detail in the Peirce’s
semiotic consideration than the one is analyzed in
Kant’s epistemological consideration. Then here it is
needed for the Peirce’s semiotic consideration to be
discussed to reconsider the basic mechanism of
recognition process of human beings. Peirce defined
a sign process as Triadic relations. Namely, "A sign,
or representamen, is something which stands to
somebody (interpretant) for something (an object) in
some respect or capacity”. Here, these words
“representamen, interpretant” are introduced into
Peirce’s Semiotic, therefore although the
information contents are discussed in this paper we
use these words in the discussion of information
contents after this.
Here let’s consider the triadic relations example,
that is; a hunter finds a damaged certain tree in a
forest and supposes that a deer is in his
neighbourhood. In this case, as shown in the
following figure 4, the triadic relations are structured
among the "a wound (a sign) of a tree", the "deer (an
object)” and the "knowledge / experience
(interpretant) of a hunter". And this triadic relations
give a kind of sign process on the Peirce’s semiotic.
Here, the arrow (1) suggests that “a deer” causes
“a wound of a tree”(Diadic relations), and the arrow
(2) suggests that “a wound of a tree” makes a hunter
know that there is “a deer”(Triadic relations).
Namely, here two relations are considered, the one
(arrow2) is from “a wound of a tree”(sign) to a deer
( object) and the other(arrow1) is from a deer (
object) to “a wound of a tree” (sign). These facts
mean that there are two objects, that is; the one (a
deer) which makes the sign (a wound of a tree) and
the other (existence of a deer) which is made by the
sign (a wound of a tree). Therefore, it was proposed
by Peirce that the Immediate object must be
distinguished from the Dynamical object.
Figure 4: Triadic relations of a sign process.
Here the Immediate object means that it is
expressed with a sign and include hypothesizes or
virtual things, and the Dynamical object means the
real existence which cannot be expressed with a
sign, which can be only indicated and it is put in the
interpreter’s hands to find it. From these elements
the evolution models from an Immediate object to a
Dynamical object are able to be derived and through
the revision of interpretants finally the Final
interpretant is obtained. As a result the Peirce’s
Semiotic concept can show a framework of
recognition system and mechanism of human beings
and support to understand the virtual reality.
Furthermore, it is estimated that such Semiotic
Sign
A wound of a tree
(1)
(2)
Object Item of interpretation
(interpretant) Knowledge and
a thought of a hunter
There is a deer
A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA
SITUATION AND THE “YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM
343
concept includes the information theory which gives
the new information contents over the ordinary
information content in the theory of Shannon.
4 THE CONCEPT OF THE NEW
INFORMATION CONTENT
EXPANDED FROM PEIRCE’S
SEMIOTIC
Considering the information process on the Peirce’s
Semiotic, it is estimated that there are various kinds
of information contents different from the
Shannon’s information content. The Shannon’s
information theory uses the probability theory in
which each probability is distributed to such real
events as recognition objects, and the information
content is quantitatively defined considering the
events which are subsets of the whole set of unit
elements and the probabilities given to them and the
logarithm calculation. But from the Peirce’s
Semiotic the objective event understood by the
interpretants and the recognition of their situations
are needed to be introduced into the definition of
information content. That is; the concepts
corresponding with the interpretants of Peirce's
semiotic are not able to be neglected and it must be
involved into the concept of the quantitative
information content. Then an example is proposed.
Of course, although no probability values are used as
the values in the new information theory, but even if
the probability values are adapted to define the
quantitative information content the quantitative
expression of every interpretants can be understood
as the expression of new information theory. In this
case, although the probability value of an event
arising is P(a), when a is an event, in the Shannon’s
information theory, using the quantitative expression
of every interpretants like these probability values
the total probability value P(b
0
) becomes the
following formula expression example.
Of course as there are considerable the other
formula expressions for the interpretant concepts,
the following formula expression is able to be given
in other some functions. And the other formula
expressions etc will be presented in other papers.
P(b
0
)= P(b
1
) P(b
2
) P(b
3
)
Here, P(b
0
) is the whole probability value and b
0
is the defined final object event, P(b
1
) is the
Immediate object probability value and b
1
is the
defined Immediate object event, P(b
2
) is the sign
probability value and b
2
is the defined sign event,
P(b
3
) is the interpretant probability value and b
3
is
the interpretant event. Of course these values and
events must be changed corresponding to the
situations (for instance, the dementia situations etc.)
for them to be discussed. Therefore here the
concepts is proposed which is shown at the
following formula. The each P(b
1
) , P(b
2
), P(b
3
) is
firstly a value of distributed probability, but the
value is not necessarily needed to be fixed value, it
may be a kind of function derived from the model of
object situation (for instance the model of dementia).
That is;
P(b
1
)=f
b1
(x
1
) , P(b
2
)= f
b2
(x
2
), P(b
3
)= f
b3
(x
3
)
here, x
1
,x
2
,x
3
are the characteristic variables in the
object model.
From this fundamental concepts the new
information contents can be derived using the
logarithm calculus. And like this, many other
concepts can be considered on the basis of Peirce’s
Semiotic idea and its interpretant concepts. and the
new information theories are able to be derived for
the object situation. These details will be presented
in other papers.
5 THE CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE TASK
Considering the information process and structure of
the “YUBITSUKYI” system embedded into the Life
Support System and the Peirce’s Semiotic the new
information content and theory can be introduced
into the discussion and an example was able to be
proposed. And the information contents considering
the situation of dementia are discussed on the
backbone of a philosophy and the characters of its
information contents are estimated to be able to be
analysed. After this the function obtained is needed
to be researched more detail and the better functions
for the dementia situation must be derived and the
concrete analysis method of the information contents
is needed to be derived.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank much advices and helps of Mr. K.Yokota
who is a managing director of Japan Ecology limited
company and developed 'YUBITSUKYI', and Ms
A.Itoh who is staff of Japan Ecology limited
company.
ICEIS 2008 - International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems
344
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A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA
SITUATION AND THE “YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM
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