EMERGENCY LOGISTICS SYSTEMS SYNNERGETICS
RESEARCH
Yiming Yang, Yihong Ru and Hanqing Li
School of Economics and Managementg, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
Keywords: Emergency logistics systems, Synnergetics, Sensitivity analysis, Single target model.
Abstract: Emergency logistics is to provide surprises natural disasters, burst waiting for public health event of
unexpected incidents the required emergency supplies for the purpose to seek to maximize efficiency of the
time and disaster losses into the goal of a special kind of logistics. Logistics system in the running in the
process of co-operation benefits system in the effectiveness of the exigencies of the key contents. Study and
explore their emergency supplies of logistics system, and improve the logistics system within the various
elements of effective co-ordination between capacity and improving the logistics system of overall
management, for national, regional and processing enterprises and other public events to be acute
emergency a very important practical value. The emergency supplies of logistics system based on its own
characteristics of logistics system, emergency operations with uncertainty and instability, and any other
requirements of the system together in effective control, and crystallized form, and the system needs to be a
major difference, how is emergency logistics system to ensure effective control, the timeliness and
economical situation and better coordination in this way for discussions.
1 INTRODUCTION
Despite technological advances in today's world, the
forecasting of natural disasters has been developed
to a very high level, but local, regional, regional,
national or even global scale natural disasters, public
health emergencies is still time have occurred, but to
human beings is a devastating blow to cause
significant even for human survival and social
development constitutes a major threat. 1923 Kanto
earthquake, 1976 earthquake in Tangshan, China in
2001, the United States "9 • 11" incident, but
beginning in China in 2003 affected the whole world
"SARS" outbreak, the end of 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami, the United States in early 2005 New
Orleans hurricane and so frequent outbreaks of
public emergencies, as well as China's Wenchuan
earthquake in 2008, gave mankind over a bitter
experience.
Therefore, emergency logistics and related
research projects in the field of emergency
management is an important research direction in the
outbreak of major emergencies on how to use
various means of transport as soon as a specific
number and type of delivery of emergency supplies
to the designated disaster or events in the logistics
activities, its goal is to minimize the material
delivery time. Because in this environment disaster,
emergency logistics best reflect the "time is life"
meaning. Virtually every level of a major emergency
supply of emergency supplies will run into a lot of
problems, such as the Indian Ocean tsunami, the
United States, "Katrina" hurricane or other disaster
requires the disposal of large quantities of
emergency supplies, but also in the process also
appears No disaster supplies in place in time leaving
the issue of enlargement.
With earthquakes, mining accidents, bird flu and
other kinds of "natural disasters", "man-made," the
frequent, certainly requires a lot of emergency
supplies to solve or deal with the dead buried, the
injured relief, health and epidemic prevention, post-
disaster reconstruction to restore production and to
restore order and so on, to reduce the disaster area,
personnel losses and prevent further expansion of
the disaster, which created an enormous demand for
emergency logistics. China all kinds of emergency
supplies emergency management system to build a
sound basis for an important material and accelerate
the establishment of emergency material storage
system, and continuously enrich the variety of
emergency supplies reserves to improve our
282
Yang Y., Ru Y. and Li H..
EMERGENCY LOGISTICS SYSTEMS SYNNERGETICS RESEARCH.
DOI: 10.5220/0003602902820286
In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (BIS-2011), pages 282-286
ISBN: 978-989-8425-54-6
Copyright
c
 2011 SCITEPRESS (Science and Technology Publications, Lda.)

emergency management system is a necessary
requirement, but also related to emergency
management the smooth conduct of the important
factors.
Emergencies not only caused great loss of life
and property, but also affect social stability, or even
threaten national security, economic and social
development have a significant impact. Level
coordination of emergency logistics system
effectiveness will be directly related to a variety of
unexpected events on the effective response to the
first time, the implementation of effective control
measures to avoid the disaster spread, unexpected
events will minimize the losses. Therefore,
coordination of emergency logistics system, the
level of research, effective system of collaborative
research methods, emergency logistics system is an
important issue facing the building.
2 METHODOLOGY
In 20th century, 70 years, Harken the "synergy"
concept to be clarified and established a new
discipline-"Synergetics." His study found that the
laser system, the system there is a general evolution
theory, that in any system, the subsystems are
relying on a regulation, a purpose of "self-
organizing" process, so vastly different subsystems
synergy, and a new stable and orderly structure.
Haken found that both balanced and non-equilibrium
phase transition phase transition phase transition
system in a state of disorder before the reason is due
to a large number of sub-components of the system
does not form a partnership, their own ways,
disorganized and could not produce a whole new
quality; and once the system reached or at a critical
state, this time some kind of coincidental factors,
can lead to critical fluctuations, which will produce
one or several parameters critical slowing down,
there was no damping critical phenomenon, which
dominates the change other subsystems quickly
established a cooperative relationship, very
organized way to concerted action, which leads to
the system macroscopic properties of the mutation.
Therefore, the Harken the "synergy" is defined as:
the system of mutual cooperation between the
various parts so that the whole system formed by the
micro individual level there is no new structure and
quality characteristics.
Project to adhere to qualitative analysis in the
study and quantitative analysis, and strive to start
Dingxing aspects of the definition of emergency
logistics system, elements, structure, function and
characteristics to explain, then the quantitative
aspects of logistics coordination on emergency
ordering, order parameters and the order parameter
on the degree of order to analyze the impact, while
making this analysis can be applied in practice, used
to guide practice.
2.1 Method Design
From the actual existence of the complex process of
coordination of emergency logistics system, ignore
the surface, the secondary part of the development of
things to seize the essence of things, from a variety
of phenomena generalize the general law. And it’s
from the abstract to the concrete, with the general
rules and principles guiding the specific
coordination of emergency logistics system analysis
and management practices. The course of the project
several times in his discussion of induction and
deduction used in the analysis.
2.2 Synnergetics Application Consider
Elements of emergency logistics system, structure,
function and properties were studied. Elements is the
main element, object elements and elements of
facilities and equipment; structure constituted by the
main number and different and the main two types
of different sizes; by function in the role of
emergency logistics system will be divided into two
basic functions of logistics functions and auxiliary
functions, Basic functions include transportation,
warehousing and distribution. Auxiliary functions
are including packaging, handling, logistics,
information processing and distribution processing.
Emergency Logistics System features include: time
of the primary logistics, security, sensitivity, system
cost, information diversity, technical complexity,
space and poor conditions of dispersion.
2.3 Sensitivity Analysis
On the basis of the integrated use of systems,
logistics management theory, the collaborative
learning and other subjects to study the theories and
methods of emergency logistics is coordinated to the
problems.
Emergency logistics system is composed of
different levels and different types of multi-element
composition of the organic compound system.
Application of systems theory, put forward the
theoretical framework of emergency logistics system,
the system is decomposed into elements, structure
and function analysis.
EMERGENCY LOGISTICS SYSTEMS SYNNERGETICS RESEARCH
283

The theory of supply chain and logistics
applications，the definition of emergency logistics
system, elements, structure, function and
characteristics of the specific content analysis may
all use in our research.
Application of synergetic theory of emergency
logistics system synergy content, objectives and
principles, collaborative content, since the degree of
organization, order parameter, order parameter on
the self-organization degree of impact analysis, from
a deeper grasp and reveal the system operation rules.
Coordination of emergency logistics system
analysis of the content, and collaborative content
and process were analyzed. Coordination can be
divided into the main coordination, object
collaboration, coordination and information facilities
and equipment co. Collaborative process under the
management of the scope and extent is divided into
strategic, tactical and operational level the three
levels of analysis. This article uses regression based
on information entropy theory and the theory of
modeling and algorithm for emergency logistics
system order parameter is solved. Application of
sensitivity analysis methods to define the order
parameter changes in upper and lower bounds.
2.3.1 Model and Solution
Natural disasters or emergencies occur, the affected
areas the demand for emergency supplies often
diverse. In most cases, they usually take into account
the Distribution for a variety of materials, and thus
research on the emergency transporting various
goods more. Have practical significance and
application value. As no transport capacity
constraints of the more simple, here we only have
capacity constraints of the multi-model building for
Transportation and solution.
2.3.2 Model Suppose
1. Make
12
,,,
n
AA A n-a state of emergency to
mobilize emergency supplies supply point,
B
point
for the needs of emergency supplies.
2.
In the state of emergency, the demand point
B
requires a total
(1)mm species of emergency
supplies, set
12
(, , )
m
X
XX X  . Emergency
supplies that demand vector, where
j
X
to the first
kind of material that needs, of which
1, 2,
j
m  ;
3.
Within the time limit set A, the first. J kinds of
materials the maximum transport capacity of
ij
X
, 1, 2, , ; 1, 2, ,injm

 . And meet the
million
1
n
ij j
n
X
X



, and for any
i
A , 0
ij
X  ,
and not all
0 ;
4.
Assume that the transport capacity of a variety of
materials known
J and unrelated;
5. Set from
i
A , the maximum delivery volume of
transporting
ij
X
to the time required for the
B
(0)tt , 1, 2, ,in

 ; (0)TT is
Emergency provisions for the time limit for
emergency dispatching period.
Without loss of generality, we assume
12 n
tt tT

 , if it reaches a point of
emergency supplies should be needed.
Demand is greater than the time limit point of
T ,
then the material supply point is not involved in
emergency dispatching. Are now required to give a
solution involved in transporting emergency supplies
to determine the material supply point and the point
of supply, so as to meet the time limit in Article
Conditions, so that the emergency dispatching the
shortest time.
2.3.3 A Single Target Model
In most cases, different factors have different
dimensions and sometimes there is a significant
difference in orders of magnitude among different
properties, so we need normalize the data of original
matrix and make each indicator value unified in a
common range.
min
*
min
min max
max
max
0, ,
,,
1, .
ii
ii
iiii
imimi
ii
XX
XX
XXXX
XX
XX












Here,
max 1 2 min 1 2
max{ , , , }, min{ , , , }
imim
XXXXXXXX


,
*
i
X
represents a dimensionless value of indicator i,
i
X
represents a real value of indicator i,
max i
X and
mimi
X represents the maximum and minimum
values of original target respectively.
Calculating the weight of each attribute value
*
1
1
n
j
ij
i
A
X
n



,
1
2
*2
1
1
()
n
jijj
i
VXA
n









.
So the weight of each attribute value is:
ICEIS 2011 - 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems
284

1
1
,1,2,,
m
jj j
j
VVj m 







Euclidean distance algorithm
Euclidean distance formula is as follows:
1
*2
2
1
()
m
njijj
j
dXT 





.
Where
j
T represents the ith attribute value of target
case, d
n
represents the Euclidean distance between
the new target case T and the ith case in source case
base; d
n
the smaller, the more similar.
After the attribute value is normalized, we use
the following formula to calculate the similarity and
identify the most similar case.
1
*2
2
1
()
m
njijj
j
dXT 





.
3 DATA RESULTS
Assuming the land of cotton affected demand for
15,000 tents, requiring delivery within 24 hours.
According to GPS software, the repository can be
simulated disasters point to the path and the distance
(in ten single-Bit rounded.) This case we can achieve
door to door transportation of road transport, for
example, the average speed of transport at 50km / h
basis, calculated for each repository to the A point of
dispatching schedule (time rounded) as follows:
Table 1: Central repository of all disasters point to the
distance and dispatching schedule.
Reserve Library-Disaster land Distance (km) Time (hour)
Tianjin-Tangshan 140 3
Shenyang-Tangshan 550 11
Haerbin- Tangshan 1100 22
Hefei- Tangshan 1150 23
Zhengzhou- Tangshan 850 17
Wuhan- Tangshan 1350 27
Changsha- Tangshan 1650 33
Nanning- Tangshan 2500 50
Chengdu- Tangshan 2100 42
Xian- Tangshan 1300 26
The best dispatching scheme: 7050 in Tianjin,
Shenyang, 7950, the program shows the above
analysis, in the absence of transport capacity
constraints, by the time 11 hours. Distribution for
goods only by the material supply point to point
transportation needs time to decide, and in a single
mode of transport, the transport time is uniquely
determined by the transport distance. The problem is
changing to meet the traffic requirements in the case,
find the shortest distance transport problems.
If the storage point follows the affected areas of
the transport time constant, considering the capacity
constraints and assuming that the capacity of the
reserve is the reserve bank of such table.
Table 2: Central repository of all cotton tent reserves and
capacity restrictions table.
Repository Number Reserve Capacity
Tianjin 1 7050 6000
Shenyang 2 12200 4000
Haerbin 3 5000 4000
Hefei 4 1000 3000
Zhengzhou 5 22200 8000
Wuhan 6 9500 5000
Changsha 7 800 3000
Nanning 8 0 2000
Chengdu 9 2000 2000
Xian 10 6000 4000
Assuming the demand for disaster areas are still
15,000 cotton tents, requires delivery within 24
hours, find the point and the point of transporting
transported volume.
The best dispatching scheme: 7050 in Tianjin,
Shenyang, 4000, Zhengzhou, 3950, when used 17
hours.
From this we can see that, when the material
constant demand and time constraints, capacity
constraints of transport capacity than the non-
complicated cases. When there is limited transport
capacity, transported again due to the need to
consider, even in a single mode of transport, the
transport time and distance only, but also by the
transport capacity constraints.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Although the Chinese government and relevant
organizations to disaster reduction and prevention
plans, but logistics costs incurred are enormous, in
the unexpected natural disasters and man-made
disasters caused huge casualties and property losses,
due to the loss of about emergency logistics total
loss of 15% to 20%, such as SARS losses totaling
17.6 billion, of which the loss of emergency
logistics, about 30 billion U.S. dollars.
With earthquakes, mining accidents, bird flu and
other kinds of "natural disasters", "man-made," the
frequent, certainly requires a lot of emergency
supplies to solve or deal with the dead buried, the
injured relief, health and epidemic prevention, post-
disaster reconstruction to restore production and to
restore order and so on, to reduce the disaster area,
personnel losses and prevent further expansion of
EMERGENCY LOGISTICS SYSTEMS SYNNERGETICS RESEARCH
285

the disaster, which created an enormous demand for
emergency logistics. China all kinds of emergency
supplies emergency management system to build a
sound basis for an important material and accelerate
the establishment of emergency material storage
system, and continuously enrich the variety of
emergency supplies reserves to improve our
emergency management system is a necessary
requirement, but also related to emergency
management the smooth conduct of the important
factors.
Unexpected events such time and place can not
be predicted, but also the pre-disaster levels can not
be predicted, and this led to a sudden demand for
emergency supplies, uncertainty, urgency and
diversity. From the logistics point of view, the
disaster occurred, the short time requires a lot of
material, from disaster relief equipment, medical
equipment, supplies communications equipment to
the life of everything, which the procurement of
emergency supplies, inventory, made more high
demands to the various emergency supplies of
common plans in peacetime, the storage, and
effective inventory management in order to prepare
for contingencies. Time is important to raise urgent,
but also compact and simple procurement
procedures, but also pay attention to the quality of
the procurement target. At the same time, some
unexpected events, often accompanied by
deterioration of the transport system, such as roads
due to floods or landslides blocked, to timely
delivery of these items on the emergency logistics
system is a severe test.
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European Journal of Operational Research 140, 118-
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L. Özdamar, Emergency logistics planning in natural
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for quick response to urgent relief demand in disasters
Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,
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Industrial Engineering and Engineering, 2007
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