SMART CONTROL
IN THE RUSSIAN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
Nikolai Voropai, Dmitry Efimov, Victor Kurbatsky and Nikita Tomin
Energy Systems Institute SB RAS, 130 Lermontov Str., Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: Electric Power System, Intelligent Electric Power System with Active & Adaptive Network, Unified
National Electric Grid, Electricity Supply System.
Abstract: The paper describes creation of the intelligent electric power system of Russia on the base of the concept of
intelligent energy system with active&adaptive network. Main requirements, goals, and technologies of the
intelligent electric power system are listed. The features of the system that appear in the Unified national
electric grid are considered. Special attention is paid to the structure and problems of control system.
Intelligent electric power system should provide a qualitatively new level of the efficiency of the electric
power industry operation and development, improve system security as well as quality and reliability of
electricity supply to consumers.
1 INTRODUCTION
A totally novel approach was suggested to make the
transition to a qualitatively new level of technologies
and control of Russia’s Unified power system. The
main goal of this approach is implementation of
intelligent technologies in the Russian power
industry to ensure an innovative breakthrough in
development of the industry, and to increase the
efficiency, reliability and security of its operation.
In 2010 the concept of Intelligent Electric Power
System with Active&Adaptive Network (IES AAN)
was developed by the JSC “R&D Centre for Power
Engineering” by the order of the JSC “FGC UES”
responsible for development and operation of the
main electric networks in Russia. The concept
of
IES
ААN stipulates that all subjects of the
electricity market (generation, grid, and consumers)
take an active part in the processes of electric power
transmission and distribution. Electric power
consumers as a part of IES AAN should become its
leading component. Transmission and distribution
networks, which are passive now, will turn into
active components, whose parameters and
characteristics will become flexible according the
operation requirements of the entire system.
2 INTELLIGENT ELECTRIC
POWER SYSTEM WITH
ACTIVE&ADAPTIVE
NETWORK
The goals of intelligent electric power system
include (Voropai, 2011):
 In electric networks:
- Power quality control;
- Peak load shaving in electric network;
- Creation of an alternative to reconstruction of
the network infrastructure in the network
“bottlenecks”;
- Creation of an alternative to expansion of the
network infrastructure for electricity supply to
remote and isolated areas;
- Reduction of power failure time, and the time it
takes to eliminate the failures;
- Reduction of expenses for the network infra-
structure maintenance, and its automation;
- Operation and emergency control of the grid.
 In electricity consumption:
- Reduction of electricity costs;
- Provision of continuous energy supply;
- Improvement of power quality;
- Use of infrastructure for smart houses and
electric cars;
133
Voropai N., Efimov D., Kurbatsky V. and Tomin N..
SMART CONTROL IN THE RUSSIAN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM.
DOI: 10.5220/0003950901330136
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Smart Grids and Green IT Systems (SMARTGREENS-2012), pages 133-136
ISBN: 978-989-8565-09-9
Copyright
c
 2012 SCITEPRESS (Science and Technology Publications, Lda.)

Figure 1: IES ААN technological infrastructure.
- Integration of consumers with their own micro-
generation.
 In generation:
- Maintenance of frequency;
- Increase in available capacity;
- Integration of variable generation sources,
including wind turbines and mini-cogeneration
power plants (mini-CPP);
- Creation of an alternative to construction of
generation capacities for electricity supply to
remote and isolated areas.
Intelligent electric power system (Fig. 1)
represents a customer-oriented electric power system
of new generation which should provide high-
quality, reliable and efficient services for electricity
consumers through flexible interaction among all
types of generation, electric networks and consumers
on the basis of cutting-edge technologies and a
single hierarchical system of control.
The unified national electric grid (UNEG)
carries out backbone functions and includes power
segments grids
1
, electricity supply systems (ESS),
the bulk transmission and international grids.
At formation
of IES ААN, the UNEG
components of different voltage levels should
contain the devices changing impedance of the grid
elements and voltage (both magnitude and phase) at
various points of the grid. Possibilities of combining
alternating and direct (lines and back-to-back
stations) currents as well as modern devices of short
circuit currents limitation in powerful switching
equipment will be widely used.
Current
ESSs represent a set of units for
providing the consumers with electricity. They are
formed both within the frames of UNEG, and on
the base of distributive networks (Fig. 1).
ESS structure can include sources of electric

1
Following the IES Concept the “power segment” is a
set of control areas with the common (or similar)
principles of electricity (and/or power) balancing.
MainfeaturesofSmartGrid:
- Advancedsystemsformeasurementand
counting
- Adaptiveregulatingsystemsforconsumption
- Self‐regulatingsystemsforlocalsources
(includingrenewable&nonrenewablesources)
Controlsystems
for:
- Frequency
- Voltage
- Devicesforchange
of:
9 Network
impedance
9 Voltage
magnitudes
9
Voltage phases
SMARTGRID
Control
system
Distributive
networks
UNEG
networks
Consumers
Conventional
generation
SmartElectricity
SupplySystems
SmartElectricity
SupplySystems
Renewable&
Nonrenewable
sources
Renewable&
Nonrenewable
sources
Adaptive
regulatorsof
consum
p
tion
Large
consumers
SMARTGREENS2012-1stInternationalConferenceonSmartGridsandGreenITSystems
134

Dispatchingcontrol
centres
power, electric power transmission, distribution, and
transformation devices, various auxiliary devices
and constructions (power plants and feeding lines of
regional power systems, transmission lines,
substations and distribution devices).Within the
IES
ААN framework one of the smart ESS’s key
functional characteristics is the motivation of active
behavior of the end-consumer which is understood
as a consumer possibility to independently change
the received electricity volume and functional
properties (level of reliability, quality, etc.)
according to the balance of the requirements and
possibilities of a power supply system, using the
information about prices, electricity supply volumes,
reliability, quality, etc.
3 CONTROL SYSTEM OF IES
AAN
The problem of efficient control of created IES
ААN for today, whose urgency and importance
have been confirmed by recent large man-caused
failures, is among the most important scientific and
technical problems. With the availability of an
effective control system
IES ААN can provide
reliable interaction between consumer grid units of
different functions, and generators,
using uniform
principles and the common information-
technological platform.
The structure of
IES ААN control (Fig. 2)
should be formed on the basis of the following
principles:
1. At construction of IES ААN a control system
realizing operating functions with a high degree
of automation is a key link.
2. IES ААN control systems should have the
uniform (coordinated) principles of management
regardless the form of property and hierarchical
level.
3. When combining the local and system functions
of management, the relations between controls of
generation, networks, and load-controlled
consumers should be traced explicitly.
4. Information support of control systems should
provide a possibility to control parameters and
transit signals into control loops in real time.
5. The software of control systems should be
realized in two time modes: on-line and off-line
to trace and control both normal (optimization of
conditions) and abnormal (prevention of
overloaded and liquidation of pre-emergency
conditions) EPS operation, and also to have
possibility of adaptation to changing situations.
6. The communication systems included in
the control loop should provide high speed and
reliability of information and control signals
transfer.
Figure 2: The functional structure of IES ААN control.
Control
Information
Primary
measuring
systems
Commercial
accounting
systems
Informationcollection&processing&transmissionSystems
Datacollection&processingCentres
Softwaresystems,formingthecontrolenvironment
Technical
accounting
systems
Controlactions
accomplishment
systems
Controlactions
generation
systems
On‐line&Of
f
‐line
Applicationsoftware
Tool‐makingsoftware


IESAANcontrol
Technological
controlcentres




AANPowerob
j
ects
(
“di
g
ital substation”
)
SMARTCONTROLINTHERUSSIANELECTRICPOWERSYSTEM
135

The modern IES ААN control system should
provide the solution of the following problems:
 Control of IES ААN operation conditions and
parameters;
 Control of settings, parameters and conditions of
active-adaptive devices and technological objects
of IES ААN;
 Control of routing and transmission of the
electricity and power on the basis of active–
adaptive algorithms;
 Monitoring of a technical state, operation and
reliability of IES ААN basic objects;
 Monitoring of a technical state of auxiliary
technological systems;
 Planning and development of an IES ААN
technological complex;
 Power quality control;
 Provision of technological safety and control of
IES ААN and its objects in emergency
situations;
 Estimation of situations and forecasting of their
development for decision-making;
 Technical support and operation of technical
objects and facilities of IES ААN;
 The commercial and technical account of the
electricity and power;
 Information interaction in a hierarchical network
of IES AAN dispatching and operating
structures;
 Information security of a control system.
For the effective solution
of IES ААN control
problems on-line in the conditions of incomplete
information on parameters of EPS and disturbances,
the use of uniform principles of control and
qualitatively new kinds of techniques and
technologies is necessary, including means and
systems of:
 Control and regulation of active and reactive
power with application of power electronics;
 Limitation of short circuit currents;
 Electricity storage;
 Forecasting and intelligent analysis of
emergencies;
 Support of operative decisions, generation of
recommendations and control actions on
localization and liquidation of failures;
 Control and analysis of a technical state and a
residual resource of the technological equipment;
 Availability of high-speed, completely
integrated, bilateral technology of
communication and commutations between IES
subjects for interactive interchange of
information, energy, and monetary flows
between them in real time;
 The intelligent account of the electricity and
control of power consumption.
4 CONCLUSIONS
The further development of IES ААN provides:
 Design and the subsequent application of new
types of power equipment giving active
properties to an electric grid (on the basis of
power semiconductors, new kinds of materials,
including high-temperature superconductivity
and so forth);
 Creation of new means and systems of relay
protection, automatic operation and emergency
control devices, and equipment diagnostics;
 Creation of new systems and means of
accounting energy resources;
 Design of control systems for substations of new
generation;
 Improvement of existing hierarchical systems for
coordination and control of power flows and
frequency regulation, for automated control of
generation, IES ААN fragments (power
segments), and the integrated control systems of
higher level, as well as design and
implementation of new ones;
 Provision of a new quality of monitoring and
protection of networks against external
contingencies (lightning, icing, wind effects,
wires sagging etc.);
 Monitoring of parameters of reliability and
quality of electricity transmission services.
Finally creation
of IES ААN should provide a
qualitatively new level of efficiency of electric
power industry development and functioning, raise
system security and, the main thing, quality and
reliability of electricity supply to consumers.
REFERENCES
Voropai N. I., 2011. Intellectual electric power systems:
the concept, a condition, prospects//Automation and
IT in power engineering, 2011, №3. With. 11-15. [in
Russian]
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