Assessing Against IEC 80001-1
Silvana Togneri MacMahon
1
, Fergal Mc Caffery
1
, Sherman Eagles
2
, Frank Keenan
1
,
Marion Lepmets
3
and Alain Renault
3
1
Regulated Software Research Group, Department of Computing & Mathematics, Dundalk Institute of Technology & Lero
Dundalk Co. Louth, Dundalk, Ireland
2
SoftwareCPR, Saint Paul, MN 55114, U.S.A.
3
Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Keywords: IEC 80001-1, ISO/IEC 15504 – Process Assessment, Service Management, ISO/IEC 20000-1, TIPA, ITIL.
Abstract: Medical devices are designed and produced subject to various standards. These standards are recognized by
the regulatory authorities within the region in which they are going to be marketed. Traditionally medical
devices were placed on a proprietary network; however emergent technology is increasingly seeing medical
devices being included on to the general hospital IT network. The incorporation of a medical device into an
IT network can introduce risks which can impact the safety, effectiveness & security of the medical device.
80001-1: Application of Risk Management for IT networks incorporating Medical Devices addresses the
risk that healthcare can be compromised when a medical device is incorporated into an IT network. In order
to address these risks, an assessment of the network against IEC 80001-1 must be performed. To perform an
assessment which is compliant with ISO/IEC 15504-2 of an IT network against IEC 80001-1, a process
assessment model is required. This paper examines how a process assessment model could be developed to
assess against IEC 80001-1.
1 INTRODUCTION
IEC 80001-1 (IEC, 2010) “represents a catalyst for a
new level of IT and clinical technology cooperation
to ensure network changes don’t negatively impact
biomedical systems” (Cooper et al., 2011) . When a
medical device is incorporated into an IT network, a
medical device network is established. Medical
Devices are subject to regulations as prescribed by
the various regulatory authorities of the regions in
which the device is to be marketed. When a medical
device is incorporated into an IT network which
contains other IT components, this creates a new
system in which the medical device has not been
validated. New hazards may emerge that are directly
related to the interaction of the networked
components that were not considered when the
device was being designed and validated (Cooper et
al., 2011). Prior to the introduction of IEC 80001-1,
no standard addressed the risks of incorporating a
medical device into an IT network. IEC 80001-1
extends the definition of harm and identifies three
main areas of risk – safety, effectiveness and (Data
& System) security. IEC 80001-1 takes a life cycle
approach to risk management. This paper examines
how a Process Assessment Model (PAM) (which is
compliant ISO/IEC 15504-2 Information technology
- Process assessment (ISO/IEC, 2003) ) may be
developed to be used to assess against IEC 80001-1.
The remainder of this paper examines the
requirements contained in IEC 80001-1 and how
IEC 80001-1 is related to ISO/IEC 20000-1
Information technology - Service management
(ISO/IEC, 2011). ISO/IEC 15504 is examined in
terms of its requirements for the development of
process models. Finally the paper focuses on how
current PAMs (which comply with ISO/IEC 15504-
2) were developed to assess against service
management standards and examines how these
methods could be used to develop PAMs to assess
against IEC 80001-1.
305
Togneri MacMahon S., Mc Caffery F., Eagles S., Keenan F., Lepmets M. and Renault A..
Assessing Against IEC 80001-1.
DOI: 10.5220/0004184103050308
In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics (HEALTHINF-2013), pages 305-308
ISBN: 978-989-8565-37-2
Copyright
c
2013 SCITEPRESS (Science and Technology Publications, Lda.)
2 IEC 80001-1- APPLICATION
OF RISK MANAGEMENT
FOR IT-NETWORKS
INCORPORATING MEDICAL
DEVICES
IEC 80001-1 identifies 3 main areas of risk – safety,
effectiveness & (Data & System) security. IEC
80001-1 covers the entire life cycle of the medical
IT network, incorporating the principle that a risk
management process should be implemented not
only when creating a medical device network or but
also when removing, maintaining or
changing/modifying equipment on a medical device
network. IEC 80001-1 uses a risk based approach
based on the approach as outlined within ISO 14971
Application of risk management to medical devices
(ISO, 2007) .
In order to address the variety of approaches to
risk management among Responsible Organisations
(RO), IEC 80001-1 outlines the specific roles,
responsibilities and activities that must be performed
with regard to the risk management of the
incorporation of medical devices into IT networks.
The standard is addressed to ROs, Medical Device
Manufacturers (MDM) and to the providers of other
information technology. An RO is defined within the
standard as “an entity responsible for the use and
maintenance of a Medical IT network”. IEC 80001-1
recognizes that the overall responsibility for the
Medical IT network belongs to the RO. The RO
must establish a risk management policy for the
incorporation of medical devices into an IT network
and must appoint a medical IT risk manager. The
risk manager must maintain the risk management
file which must contain sufficient documentation as
to support the risk management activities required
by IEC 80001-1.
Life cycle risk management must be performed
in a way that allows the RO to support effective
healthcare delivery. When making changes to or
performing maintenance activities on medical
devices, ROs must follow strictly formal approaches
directly involving the manufacturer of the device.
This establishes an on-going relationship between
the RO and the device manufacturer which continues
for the entire life cycle of the medical IT network. In
this context, we review in the next section the
relationship between IEC 80001-1 and the generic
Service Management standard ISO/IEC 20000-1.
3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
IEC 80001-1 AND ISO/IEC
20000-1
Annex D of IEC 80001-1 examines the relationship
between ISO/IEC 20000-1 (and ISO/IEC 20000-2),
highlighting the processes that are common to both
such as Change Management or Release
Management. Annex D also highlights a number of
areas within the 2 standards where the terminology
differs but the underlying process areas are the same.
For example, what is referred to as “Risk
Management Process” in IEC 80001-1 appears as
“Security Risk Assessment Practices” within
ISO/IEC 20000. Due to the common life cycle
approach, the concepts of Service Management as
described in ISO/IEC 20000-1 and ISO/IEC 20000-2
(ISO/IEC, 2005) have been examined for their ability
to meet the requirements outlined in IEC 80001-1
(IEC, 2010) .
4 ISO/IEC 20000 – SERVICE
MANAGEMENT STANDARDS
ISO/IEC 20000-1 requires “an integrated process
approach” when the service provider “plans,
establishes, implements, operates, monitors, reviews,
maintains and improves a service management
system (SMS)”. In order to follow this integrated
process approach, ISO/IEC 20000 promotes a “Plan,
Do, Check, Act” procedure. The “Plan” phase
involves establishing, documenting and agreeing the
SMS policies plans and objectives. The “Do” phase
involves implementing and operating the SMS. The
“Check” phase involves monitoring, measuring and
reviewing the SMS to ensure that it meets the agreed
policies and objectives. The “Act” phase involves
taking actions to continually improve the
performance of the SMS (ISO/IEC, 2011). :
ISO/IEC 20000-2 (ISO/IEC, 2005) describes the
best practices for Service Management within the
scope of ISO/IEC 20000-1. Guidance is provided on
the 5 process categories identified in Part 1 of the
standards namely Service Delivery Processes,
Control Processes, Release Processes, Resolution
Processes and Relationship Processes. ISO/IEC
20000-4(ISO/IEC, 2010a) ISO/IEC 20000-4 provides
the Process Reference Model (PRM) for IT Service
Management based on the requirements of ISO/IEC
20000-1.
Best practices for Service Management are also
outlined within the Information Technology
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Infrastructure Library (ITIL) (Cartlidge et al., 2007).
ITIL was developed in the United Kingdom at the
end of the 1980’s. ITIL has become the world wide
“de facto” standard for IT Service Management
(Barafort et al., 2009) and is now owned by the
Cabinet Office . ITILv3 consists of 5 publications
which cover – Service Strategy, Service Design,
Service Transition, Service Operation and Continual
Service Improvement.
As both ISO/IEC 20000-4 and ITIL deal with a
life cycle approach to Service Management, they are
very similar standards. The relationship between
ITILv3 and ISO/IEC 20000 is close - to the extent
that ISO/IEC 20000 has become known as the “ITIL
standard”. In the latest version of the standard
ISO/IEC 20000-1:2011, there have been steps taken
to ensure that ISO/IEC 20000 is more closely aligned
with ITILv3 (Dugmore and Taylor, 2008) .
5 ISO/IEC 15504 AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS
ASSESSMENT MODELS
ISO/IEC 15504-2 defines the requirements for
performing process assessment as a basis for use in
process improvement and capability determination.
ISO/IEC 15504-2 defines a measurement framework
for the process capability and defines the
requirements for performing an assessment. It also
defines requirements for building PRMs, building
PAMs and verifying conformity of process models
and of process assessment. Process assessment is
viewed on the basis of a two dimensional model
containing both a process dimension and a capability
dimension. The process dimension is provided by
reference to an external PRM in which processes are
characterized in terms of their purpose and their
outcomes. Further guidelines for process description
are outlined in ISO/IEC TR 24774:2010 (ISO/IEC,
2010b) . The capability dimension is based on 6
capability levels. The achievement of these
capability levels is based on the achievement of the
associated process attributes.
In order to perform an assessment which is
compliant with ISO/IEC 15504-2, a PAM is
required. ISO/IEC 15504-5 (ISO/IEC, 2006)
provides an exemplar PAM which can be used to
perform an assessment compliant with the
requirements defined in ISO/IEC 15504-2. The
PAM extends the PRM process definitions by
including a measurement framework.
Process assessment contains 2 aspects, capability
determination and process improvement. Once
process capability has assessed the current state of a
set of processes (against a target capability level
determined in advance of the assessment), the results
of the assessment are then analysed to determine the
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in
the process context and process improvement can be
undertaken on this basis.
6 THE DEVELOPMENT OF
A PROCESS ASSESSMENT
MODEL TO ASSESS AGAINST
IEC 80001-1
In order to perform an assessment against IEC
80001-1, our research to date has focused on
investigating how other ISO/IEC 15504-2 compliant
process models have been developed to assess
against other similar standards. Given the
relationship between IEC 80001-1 and ISO/IEC
20000-1, we have investigated how the PAM for this
standard was developed. We also investigated how
the TIPA PAM was developed. We discovered that
the TIPA framework which was developed by Public
Research Centre Henri Tudor can be used to assess
against both ISO/IEC 20000 and ITIL. The TIPA
PAM which is used to assess against ITIL continues
to be updated to assess against the latest versions of
ITIL. It should be noted that the TIPA PAM which
was developed to assess against ISO/IEC 20000 is
no longer being updated but is being further
developed in JTC1 ISO/IEC SC7 under the title
ISO/IEC 15504-8.
In developing the TIPA PAM for ITIL and the
TIPA PAM for ISO/IEC 20000, the TIPA
transformation process was used. The TIPA
transformation process was developed to address the
fact that while ISO/IEC 15504 provides a detailed
description of the process assessment approach and
provides an exemplar PAM in ISO/IEC 15504-5,
there is no guidance to support the transformation
from the input (domain requirements) to the output
(process model). This gap was identified by Barafort
et al. (Barafort et al., 2008) and the TIPA
transformation process was developed as a means to
develop ISO/IEC 15504-2 compliant PAMs using
goal driven requirement engineering techniques.
Due to the similarities between ISO/IEC 20000
and IEC 80001-1., it is clear that using the TIPA
transformation process; a process assessment model
could be built to assess medical IT networks against
IEC 80001-1
AssessingAgainstIEC80001-1
307
Figure 1: Shows how the TIPA transformation process
may be used to create a PRM and PAM to assess medical
IT networks against IEC 80001-1.
7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE
WORK
It is proposed that a PAM could be developed, using
the TIPA transformation process, to assess against
IEC 80001-1. Future research will focus on the
development of a PRM and PAM based on the TIPA
transformation process. Each process will be
validated by industry experts and amended
according to the consensus. Once the PRM and
PAM have been fully developed, the model will then
be validated through trials.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research is supported by the Science
Foundation Ireland (SFI) Stokes Lectureship
Programme, grant number 07/SK/I1299, the SFI
Principal Investigator Programme, grant number
08/IN.1/I2030 (the funding of this project was
awarded by Science Foundation Ireland under a co-
funding initiative by the Irish Government and
European Regional Development Fund), and
supported in part by Lero - the Irish Software
Engineering Research Centre (http://www.lero.ie)
grant 10/CE/I1855.
ITIL® is a registered trade mark of the Cabinet
Office. TIPA® is a Registered Trade Mark of the
CRP Henri Tudor
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