Reading Behaviour Base on Biological Information of Blood Groups

Susanti Agustina, Doddy Rusmono and Riche Chyntia Johan

Department of Curriculum and Educational Technology, Faculty of Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

{susanti, riche}@upi.edu, drusmono@yahoo.co.id

Keywords: behaviour, biological information, blood group, book, library, reading.

Abstract: Biological information in the present study is limited to four types of blood groups namely A, B, O, and AB

blood groups. Type of blood groups is genotive in nature and will not change the rest of man’s life. A blood

group is one of genetic biological structures which has influence on human behaviour a great deal. Blood

group type proves to be the easiest and cheapest genetics identification tool. Practical implication of blood

type has been developed to deal with personality since the year of 1992 in Japan. Blood group is considered

functioning as a prognosys and pseudoscience. Empirical finding following research shows that there is a

behavioural pattern of reading book representing similarity to an individual with similar blood group type in

a classical session. This phenomenon needs to be proven. The method used in the present study was a cross-

sectional survey. Sampling was done on 80 individuals of 100 student population aged between 17 and 22

years. Random sampling was chosen with stratification. Population was grouped in the strata with

homogenous sample unit from blood group type. Each sample’s blood group was obtained from medical

records at laboratory examination at the University Health Center. The focus of survey on reading behaviour

comprise the habits emerged when reading book takes place of which aim is to put book reading behaviour

pattern on individuals into a mode of mapping based on their type of blood groups. Result from the study as

expected is firstly, a scientific base on a reading book theory. Secondly, an identification model of user’s

profile to develop reading services program at various kinds of libraries. Thirdly, a way of making it easier

for librarian to conduct a reader’s advisory work in reading interest. Fourthly, collecting a reading book as it

is presented to the users appropriate with individuals’ behaviours.

1 INTRODUCTION

Since 2002, UNESCO has noted the data related to

the lack of reading interest in Indonesian society. The

index of reading interest in Indonesia is only 0.001. It

means that there is only one person out of 1,000 who

has high reading interest. UNDP released the number

of literacy of Indonesian adult that is only 65.5%.

According to Mundi index, the number of Indonesian

literacy is below Zimbabwe, Lithuania, Serbia,

Albania, and Palestine. In the same year, Indonesia is

in 124th position out of 187 countries in the world

based on the assessment of Human Development

Index including the needs in education, health, and

literacy. There are approximately 165.7 million

people in Indonesia with 50 million of book

publications per year. It means that one book

publication is read by five people.

In 2015, the data from National Library of

Indonesia shows that only 10% of Indonesian people,

who are above 10 years old, have reading interest

(Wibowo 2015). Furthermore, Kurniasih (2016)

criticizes that as the form of characteristic changes in

reading culture in Indonesia, the parameter of reading

interest should adjust current transformation. She

thinks that the essence of reading is the language skill

through text comprehension aiming at collecting

information, gaining knowledge, having

entertainment, and developing individual. Any kind

of text stimulating the readers’ thought to achieve

particular purpose is considered reading activity. The

next step is to analyze reading material, sources,

media, and purposes.

A study conducted by John Miller, President of

Central Connecticut State University in New Britain

reveals that Indonesia is in 59th position out of 61

countries that are categorized based on the literate

behavior characteristics. On the other hand, Finland,

Norway, Island, Denmark, and Sweden are in the top

five positions. The data of PISA (Program for

Agustina, S., Rusmono, D. and Cynthia Johan, R.

Reading Behaviour Base on Biological Information of Blood Groups.

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Educational Sciences (ICES 2017) - Volume 1, pages 58-66

ISBN: 978-989-758-314-8

International Student Assessment) in 2016 reveals

that Indonesia is in 60th position. Literate behavior

significantly contributes to individual and national

success, especially in the knowledge-based economic

sector. The community who is considered illiterate

(does not practice reading behavior) tends to put a

little attention to cleanliness, good nutrition, and the

way they think so that they tend to repress human

right and human dignity where they express their

behavior by being brutal and cruel.

In 2016, the former Education Ministry of

Indonesia, Anies Baswedan states that in the late ten

years, the illiterate percentage has significantly

decreased. In 2005, the illiterate percentages have

also decreased –i.e. from 10.5% to 3.7%. Indonesia

has already had libraries. However, the attempt to

make reading habit seems hard to do due to lack of

interest in reading. The reading habit has been a major

problem in Indonesia even though there are many

libraries available. Based on the number of the

libraries, Indonesia is in 36th position, which means

Indonesia is a way ahead of the other countries such

as Portugal, New Zealand, Korea, Germany,

Netherland, and Singapore.

Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) has been stated

in Ministerial Regulation No 23/2015 where the

students are allowed to read any kind of book they

love for 15 minutes before they start the class.

Moreover, the local government has an important role

in encouraging the people to make the habit of

reading. The leader should actively look for and

create communities loving books.

An interview –where the participants are the ninth

grader of SMA Tangerang Selatan- shows that the

school has applied a reading session where the

students are forced to read for an hour every two

weeks. Yet, the teacher are frequently absent so that

the students do not spend their time to read. They

prefer doing other activities. The interviewed student

loves reading manga (Japanese comic book).

Likewise, a college student, majoring communication

program, loves reading novel. The college student

says that he loves novel with the genre of science

fiction. The college student says the s(he) does not

like historical book and news because they are boring.

This reading interest is influenced by individual’s

personality. The main factor is gene.

The most fundamental reading is to read yourself;

that is, reading the information related to yourself

including biological information such as DNA and

RNA, physiological information, psychological

information, and sociological information that is

complicated. Thus, if someone has already been able

to read him/herself, (s)he has already found his/her

identity. Through reading and biological information

exploration, an individual can position her/himself

according to his/her natural tendency. When

education and teaching is given based on every

individual natural tendency, s(he) will get happiness.

Therefore, the problem of reading habit should be

viewed from different points of view –i.e. from the

uniqueness that every individual has. The approach

that is used should be return back to the human natural

tendency. This study explores the main factor of the

reading problem, which is attributed to the

individual’s less awareness of his/her identity.

Identity -so far it functions as data documented in

identity card- has yet to be used as the directing

information. Whereas, all the private data related to

the biological information will make an individual to

be happy (success) and helpful person if s(he) is able

to read her/himself. Name, date and place of birth,

gender, blood gene type, address, religion, marital

status, occupation, and nationality will be the basic

information.

When every individual among different groups

understands biological information, a harmonized

social life will come into existence. In the context of

reading training in the community, understanding self

should be started from the ability of reading his/her

self then reading things that s(he) likes. Thus, the

reading habit will be repeatedly done. This repetition

will create a reading habit pattern. The pattern of

reading habit will create a culture. Reading culture

will make someone perfect, because, in that point,

s(he) has make his/her brain keep working.

Every individual is unique. A thesis by Farid

Poniman since 1999, someone focusing on

psychological and human resource science, reveals

that every individual has single intelligence since

s(he) was born. He believes that the dominant

intelligence is a treasure that every individual has for

living his/her life. In 1993, three experts named K.

Anders Ericsson (deliberate practice), Ralf Th.

Krampe, and Clemens Tesch Romer conducted a

research in Berlin Academy of Music (Poniman,

2011). They found an answer of how an individual

can be an expert at his/her own field. They found that

individual that allocates 10,000 hours to keep

practicing will be the best. This 10,000-hour practice

is introduced by Malcolm Gladwell (2008) in his

book, The Outliers. By finding out genetic

intelligence since s(he) was a kid as well as deliberate

practice –i.e. at least 10,000 hours-, the individual

will have a big potential to get success for his/her

carrier. Deliberate practice should be supported by

the reading activity.

Reading Behaviour Base on Biological Information of Blood Groups

This study does not intend to connect blood type

to personality, but some typical patterned types from

personality theory of blood types in Japan and genetic

strata theory of STIFIn concept covers this research

analysis.

Finally, this study aims at mapping individual’s

reading behavioral pattern based on blood types

through survey. The survey is conducted to 17-22

year-old adults, who are college students or the

members of reading community. Both populations are

the samples since those fulfil demographic aspects in

qualification and competence. Academician is

considered the one who has high order thinking skills.

The data are collected by survey with trend study.

The main population is 192 students of Library and

Information Study Program. Thus, according to

Krejcie and Morgan (1970), if the population (N) is

identified to examine, the credibility of the study is

95%. Therefore, the used samples are 127 people in

which each stratum of four blood types has sample

unit of 30-33 people. There is the test of blood type to

the sample. The sample is asked to answer the

questionnaire. Then, the result of the survey is

collected, mapped based on most dominant

behavioral pattern, analyzed, and constructed to be a

model of the reading behavioral model with blood

types-basis. The urgencies of the study are:

 This survey research provides positive

contribution to education and teaching in the

context of reading, where we involve genetic

aspects in creating learning environment

(reading-interest guidance) that makes the

individual happier in reading. This study also

verifies the theory of blood types and discovers

innovative theory related to reading behavior.

 This study is the further analysis of previous

research about reading method with hypnosis-

basis. Both will give real contribution to

librarianship to socialize reading interest. It

shows how information and library science are

multidisciplinary.

 This study will solve the social problems by

strengthening ideas in the approach of learning

model for reading by using easy and cheap

identifier based on blood types.

2 BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION:

BLOOD GENE TYPE

Biological information becomes the basic science to

learn the other science such as chemistry, physics,

and math. A study that explores the detail of living

things; that is, how children receive their

characteristics from their parents is known as

genetics. Genetics is also known as the study of

heredity. Literally, the word “genetics” stems from

Latin. Genos means the origin of traits.

Genetics, as the basic science, has concepts that

can support the other applied science such as

biological information.

In the concept of STIFIn proposed by Farid

Poniman (2012), there are three theories that become

the references. They are:

 The basic functional theory proposed by an

analytic psychology from Switzerland, Carl

Gustav Jung states that there are four basic

functions that human has. They are sensing,

thinking, feeling, and intuition. Among those

four functions, one of them becomes the most

dominant one.

 Hemisphere theory proposed by a neuro

scientist Ned Hermann divides brain into four

quadrants. They are left and right limbic as well

as left and right cerebrals.

 The triune brain theory proposed by an

American neuro scientist Paul MacLean divides

brain based on its revolutionary results. They are

human’s brain, mammalian’s brain, and

reptile’s brain.

Meanwhile, the concept of STIFIn does not only

change three boxes (MacLean) into four (Jung and

Hermann) but also adds one more box. Thus, there are

five boxes of STIFIn in total. Furthermore, STIFIn

has:

 Crossed theory as the superior and inferior in a

package

 Intersection equation theory (between two

different poles quadrant and diagonal)

 The unique and logic pentagon social

relationship (STFIn Circulation Theory)

 The body metabolism conformity based on the

intelligence machine

 Calibration theory based on the intelligence

machine

 Genetics based on the intelligence machine

 Genetic strata theory started from the

intelligence machine – intelligence drive the

capacity of hardware – blood gene type

This study focuses on the 7th theory Genetic strata

theory as the form of biological information that

needs to be “read” by every individual so that s(he)

can know her/himself better. The classification of

behavior pattern based on blood gene type using

STIFin theory (Poniman, 2012) is the focus of this

study.

ICES 2017 - 1st International Conference on Educational Sciences

The last genetic factor in STIFIn theory

significantly influences the spontaneous stimuli. Yet,

it does give big influences on the strategy of decision

making.

The influence of blood gene type can be detected

when an individual has paper and pencil test. For

example, an individual, with type T (Thinking) whose

blood type gene O, will select the option “love

helping” when she has the paper test. Her/his option

reflects her/his intelligence. The factor of blood gene

type is spontaneous, not stable, and temporary in

nature (Poniman and Mangussara, 2012, p. 27).

The temporary influence of blood gene type will

be categorized by the similarity to the type of the

intelligence machine type using the concept of

STIFIn. This categorization will be used to explain

reading behavior as the temporary responds to blood

gene type. The classification can be seen below.

 Blood group O controls brain to be an individual

with type F (Feeling)

 Blood group A controls brain to be an individual

with type T (Thinking).

 Blood group AB controls brain to be an

individual with type S (Sensing)

 Blood group B controls brain to be an individual

with type I (Intuiting)

Therefore, blood group only consists of four

types. Type In (Insting) in the concept of STIFIn does

not appear. However, the characteristics of in will

further be analyzed based on the spirituality side

related to the context of reading behavior.

Meanwhile, the analysis of personality based on

blood gene type that is considered to be

pseudoscience and astrology is debatable due to lack

of facts (Yamaguchi, 2005), (Rachel, 2011).

However, the relative truth should be continuously

tested. One of the reasons for Japan to develop blood

gene type is because blood gene type is an indicator

of the personality theory used as the responds to the

ethnical stereotype coming from Europe (Takeji

Furukawa, 1927) as well as to the popular faith

(Masahiko Nomi, 1970).

Some studies show significant relationship

between blood gene type and personality (Sakamoto

A., and Yamazaki, K, 2004), Cosy Muto, Masahiro

Nagashima et al, 2011), Yamazaki, K., and

Sakamoto, A., 1992). The studies are considered to be

able to produce predictions. There are medical

hypothesis used to support the personality of blood

gene type theory (Donna K. Hobgood, 2011), Shoko

Tsuchimine, Junji Saruwatari, Ayako Kaneda, Norio

Yusi-Furukori, 2015).

Blood type is one of genetic biological structures,

which influences human behavior. However, in

theoretical concept of STIFIn genetic strata—

Intelligence Machine-Intelligence Drive, Hardware

Capacity-Blood Types, blood type influences

spontaneous response. When it is processed further,

intelligence machine will be more dominant. An

individual should recognize the genetic potency. The

circumstance should be improved in order to be the

best one.

Every individual has specific preference in

interpreting the experience and knowledge to the

reading behavior based on its importance, needs,

values, motivation, and biological information.

3 ASPECTS OF READING

BEHAVIOR: READING HABITS

The results of some studies conducted in the late 15

to 20 years conclude our identity –based on behavior-

is 50% determined by genes and the rest of other 50%

by our surroundings. This conclusion is sufficient yet,

it still needs improvement. Some empirical evidences

show that brain system is directly related to

personality (Gale, 1983 cited in Mangussara, 2012).

A German psychologist Hans Eysenck relates

introvert-extrovert directly to the center of

neurological system. The theory refers to the

personality theory based on biological condition.

Every individual has different parts of dominant

brain. The dominant brain contributes to the

individual. The characteristics of those hemispheres

then will make the body constitution match other

body’s functions that genetically attach to certain

individual. The table of the conformity of STIFIn

operational system with some functions and

typologies and some former theories that are still used

today is shown below (see table 1).

Reading Behaviour Base on Biological Information of Blood Groups

Table 1: STIFIn operational system and classic theory.

Hemisphere

Intelligence

Operational

System

(STIFIn)

Body Fluid

System

(Galenus)

Body

Temperature

System

(Hipocrates)

Body

Universal

System

(Empedokles)

Body

Stimulation

System

(Pavlov)

Body

Functional

System

(Sigaud)

Body

Organ

System

(TCM)

Body

Constitution

System

(Kretchmer)

Sensing-left

limbic

Choleric

Dry

Soil

High

excitation,

low

inhibition

Muscular

Spleen

Athletic

Thinking-

left

neocortex

Phlegmatic

Cold

Metal

Low

excitation,

high

inhibition

Cerebral

Kidney

Pyknic

Intuition-

right

neocortex

Melancholic

Wet

Wood

Low

excitation,

low

inhibition

Digestive

Liver

Asthenic

Feeling-

right limbic

Sanguine

Hot

Fire

High

excitation,

high

inhibition

Respiratory

Heart

Dysplastic

Instinct-

midbrain

Water

excitation

and

inhibition

Circular

Organ

Sthenic

Source: (Poniman, Magussara, 2012)

To know someone, an individual only needs to

explore the basic function, or the basic tendency

(McCrae and Costa, 1996). Thus, according to

McCrae and Costa (1996), knowing someone does

need complicated psychometrics. According to

McCrae and Costa (1996), the tendency is the only

element that is stable while the adjustment of

character and self- concept is changing. The basic

function concept that Jung proposes is in line with the

basic tendency Mc Crae and Costa do. The basic

function is considered stable, eternal, genetic, and

attachable to someone’s intelligence.

This study explores behavior based on genetic

biological information that has been explained based

on the basic concept, the genetic strata theory of

STIFIn. According to the genetic strata theory of

STIFIn, the first dimension describes brain

operational system and the position of human’s

dominant intelligence machine. After conducting the

mapping based on the similar characteristics, the

character of blood gene type appears to be the same

as type of intelligence machine. Therefore, this study

determines reading behavior based on five aspects

including reading habit, the selection of reading

materials, reading style, book layout, and the aim of

reading books (hybrid). Those five aspects are

mapped into five brain operational system

(intelligence machine and intelligence drive) that is

similar to four blood gene types, as the inventor

indicators that will be analyzed. By determining

reading behavior, this study attempts to obtain the

correct goal; that is to explore the pattern of reading

behavior based on blood gene type. This scientific

reference is adapted from the theory of STIFIn brain

operational theory.

This study explores behavior based on genetic

biological information that has been explained based

on the basic concept, the genetic strata theory of

STIFIn. According to the genetic strata theory of

STIFIn, the first dimension describes brain

operational system and the position of human’s

dominant intelligence machine. After conducting the

mapping based on the similar characteristics, the

character of blood gene type appears to be the same

as type of intelligence machine.

Therefore, this study determines reading behavior

based on aspects of reading habit. This aspect mapped

into five brain operational system (intelligence

machine and intelligence drive) that is similar to four

blood gene types, as the inventor indicators that will

be analyzed. By determining reading behavior, this

study attempts to obtain the correct goal; that is to

explore the pattern of reading behavior based on

ICES 2017 - 1st International Conference on Educational Sciences

blood group. This scientific reference is adapted from

the theory of STIFIn brain operational theory.

4 SURVEY DESIGN

The data are collected by survey with trend study

through cross-sectional survey. The survey is

conducted to 17-22 year-old adults, who are college

students or the members of reading community. Both

populations are the samples since those fulfil

demographic aspects in qualification and

competence. Academician is considered the one who

has high order thinking skills.

Steps in survey research (trend study) are as

follows:

 Formulating the research problems

 Preparing the technique of data

 collection

 Determining the amount of research

 sample

 Collecting the data

 Analyzing and interpreting the result

 of data analysis

The sample is determined randomly (Random

Sampling). It is intended to give the same opportunity

for every respondent to be selected as the sample.

The stratification of the random sample is selected by

doing these following steps.

 We stratify the population to be strata based on

blood type A, B, AB, dan O, thus each stratum

contains homogeneous sample unit.

 The population is categorized in the strata that

contains homogenous sample unit. For example,

strata consist of blood group A1-A25, blood

group B1-B20, blood AB 1-AB9, and blood

group O1-O21.

We determine the sample by using formula in the

table (Krejcie and Morgan, 1970) with the credibility

level of 95%. According to the table, if the sample

unit is 20 people, the sample needed is 80 people.

Thus, the available population fulfils the credibility

level of 95%. The student Samples in Library and

Information Study Program from batch 2013 to 2016

are 74 people in which each stratum of four blood

types has sample unit of 20-25 people, except AB

blood group, which just 9 person from population-

sample. There is the test of blood type to the sample.

The sample is asked to answer the questionnaire.

Then, the result of the survey is collected, mapped

based on most dominant behavioral pattern, analyzed,

and constructed to be a model of the reading

behavioral model with blood types-basis.

 We determine the amount of sample from each

stratum based on its proportion, thus the total

amount of the sample is the same as the sample

determined in the table.

 We prepare random numeral table.

 Sample from each strata is taken randomly by

using random numeral table.

 The amount of total sample is the accumulation

of samples selected from all strata.

5 MAPPING AND PATTERN

ANALYSIS

The data are collected by using percentage measuring

tool, close questionnaires, observation, interview, and

pattern analysis. Below is the result of data collection

instrument obtained in the second step of detailed

mapping on reading behavior adjusted to five types of

STIFIn intelligence machine as the reflection to blood

type.

There are 9 respondent from AB Blood Group, as

a Sensing (S) on STIFIn Concept as biological

information, has Self-Perception about Reading

Behavior in Reading Habits which results “I read the

book by highlighting all paragraphs with

highlighter/marker since I think that all information is

important”, approximately 55,6 % says (yes) and 44,4

% says (no) (see figure 1).

Figure 1: The reading pattern of blood group AB.

There are 25 respondent from A Blood group, as

a Thinking (T) on STIFIn Concept as biological

information, has Self-Perception about Reading

Behavior in Reading Habits which results “I often

read only some parts of chapters that I consider

important and necessary. However, I consider that I

have completely read all parts of the book”.

Approximately 60 % says (yes) and 40 % says (no)

(see figure 2).

Reading Behaviour Base on Biological Information of Blood Groups

Figure 2: The reading pattern of blood group A.

There are 22 respondent from B Blood group, as

a Intuiting (I) on STIFIn Concept as biological

information, has Self-Perception about Reading

Behavior in Reading Habits which results “I usually

read book quotation in the box. A good quotation is

written in my social media status, book, or special

note”, approximately 81,8 % says (yes) and 18,2%

says (no) (see figure 3).

Figure 3: The reading pattern of blood group B.

There are 20 respondent from O Blood group, as

a Feeling (F) on STIFIn Concept as biological

information, has Self-Perception about Reading

Behavior in Reading Habits which results “I am

unwilling to read book directly. I usually watch

something through audio-visual and book

discussion”, approximately 75 % says (yes) and 25%

says (no) (see figure 4).

Figure 4: The reading pattern of blood group O.

The last genetic factor in STIFIin theory

significantly influences the spontaneous stimuli. Yet,

it does give big influences on the strategy of decision

making.

The influence of blood gene type can be detected

when an individual has paper and pencil test. For

example, an individual, with type T (Thinking) whose

blood type gene O, will select the option “love

helping” when she has the paper test. Her/his option

reflects her/his intelligence. The factor of blood gene

type is spontaneous, not stable, and temporary in

nature (Poniman and Mangussara, 2012, p. 27).

 The application of a reading habits/ behavior

pattern based on blood type can be developed in

other contexts, such as products and services

that elevates literacy as a library program for

sustainable community development.

 Facilitation of identifying a reading pattern

through similarity of blood group to construct a

reading culture in university library is needed.

 The mapping of information content in the form

of a biological information that uses multimedia

is needed.

6 CONCLUSIONS

The temporary influence of blood group will be

categorized by the similarity to the type of the

intelligence machine type using the concept of

STIFIn. The classification can be seen below.

Blood group AB controls brain to be an individual

with type S (Sensing), they have a pattern of reading

habits are read the book by highlighting all

paragraphs with highlighter/marker, since they think

that all information is important. We assume that 44,4

% of respondents who answered “no”, the possibility

of giving answer to the bias based on the type of

machine intelligence which used for decision making,

such as (

Blood group A controls brain to be an individual

with type T (Thinking). They have a pattern of

reading habits are often read only some parts of

chapters that they consider important and necessary.

However, they consider that they have completely

read all parts of the book. We assume that 40 % of

respondents who answered “no”, the possibility of

giving answer to the bias based on the type of

machine intelligence which used for decision making,

such as (Sensing, Intuiting, Feeling, or Instinct)

Blood group B controls brain to be an individual

with type I (Intuiting) they have a pattern of reading

habits are usually read book quotation in the box. A

good quotation is written in my social media status,

book, or special note. We assume that 18,2 % of

respondents who answered “no”, the possibility of

ICES 2017 - 1st International Conference on Educational Sciences

giving answer to the bias based on the type of

machine intelligence which used for decision making,

such as (Sensing, Thinking, Feeling, or Instinct)

Blood group O controls brain to be an individual

with type F (Feeling) they have a pattern of reading

habits are unwilling to read book directly. They

usually watch something through audio-visual and

book discussion. We assume that 25% of respondents

who answered “no”, the possibility of giving answer

to the bias based on the type of machine intelligence

which used for decision making, such as (Sensing,

Thinking, Intuiting, or Instinct). The individual with

type In (Instinct) they have a pattern of reading habits

are usually process the information by using instinct,

select book spontaneously and incompletely, and

understanding the content generally. Every type of

machine intelligence have these pattern.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Through this acknowledgement, we express our

sincere gratitude to all those people who have been

associated with this research project and have helped

us with it and made it a worthwhile experience. We

extend our thanks to the student populations in

Library and Information Science (LIS) Study

Program from batch 2013 until 2016, and also

Indonesian STIFIn promotor as an informant.

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phenomenon generated by blood-typical personality

stereotypes: time-series analysis of nation-wide survey

II, paper presented at 33 rd. annual convention of The

Japanese Society of Social Psychology. Tokyo (pp.

342-345).

APPENDIX

Biological Information

Self-Perception about Reading Behavior

MK STIFIn Types

Blood Types

Reading Habits

Pattern

Percentage

(Yes)

Persentage

(No)

9 responses

I read the book by highlighting

all paragraphs with

highlighter/marker since I

think that all information is

important.

55,6 %

44,4 %

25 responses

I often read only some parts of

chapters that I consider

important and necessary.

However, I consider that I

have completely read all parts

of the book.

60 %

40%

22 responses

I usually read book quotation

in the box. A good quotation is

written in my social media

status, book, or special note.

81,8 %

18,2%

Reading Behaviour Base on Biological Information of Blood Groups

Biological Information

Self-Perception about Reading Behavior

MK STIFIn Types

Blood Types

Reading Habits

Pattern

Percentage

(Yes)

Persentage

(No)

20 responses

I am unwilling to read book

directly. I usually watch

something through audio-

visual and book discussion.

75 %

25%

I usually process the

information by using instinct,

select book spontaneously and

incompletely, and

understanding the content

generally.

Source: Construction by author (2017)

ICES 2017 - 1st International Conference on Educational Sciences