Paradigm Shift in Pencak Dor Traditional Sport

Wasis Himawanto

, Toho Cholik Mutohir

and Made Pramono

Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, Jalan KH. A. Dahlan 76,

Kediri, Indonesia

Department of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jalan Ketintang No. 3, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

himasis_23@unpkediri.ac.id

Keywords: Participation, Fighter, Free Fight.

Abstract: The objective of this research is to describe a paradigm shift in Pencak Dor participation. This research used

a qualitative method. The data sources were executive members of the Pencak Dor Preservation Community

(Paguyuban Pelestari Olahraga Tradisional Pencak Dor) and Pencak Dor fighters. Data were collected

through observation, interview, and field notes. The results revealed that there has been a change in the

fighters’ motives to participate in this traditional sport. Nowadays, fighters participate in Pencak Dor to

make money and to train mentality. This was not the case in the past. Pencak Dor used to be held as a

friendly gathering event for santri (Muslim seminarians), but today it is held in a competition format. High

participation in Pencak Dor is the result of socialization in various ways including using social networking

media.

1 INTRODUCTION

Pencak Dor is a traditional sport originating in the

Lirboyo Islamic Boarding School, Kediri, East Java.

Over time, there has been a shift in fighters’ motives

to participate in this sport. When there is a paradigm

shift about a particular thing, it could be bad, but it is

quite often that it is in a good way (Cheng, 1995).

The shift could be very influential (Comaniciu &

Meer, 2002). In the past, Pencak Dor used to

emphasize artistic movements, rather than physical

contacts. Today, it is all about brutal physical

contacts. To avoid fatal accidents, the fighters must

know the rules of the game (Baird et al., 1998).

Similar research has been conducted by

Saengsawang (2015). This research studied the

history of Muay Thai traditional sport. In the past,

Muay Thai is a compulsory martial art in Thailand.

Every Thai citizen had to master this martial art

since their childhood. It was a similar case for Judo.

Judo was first developed to help Japan fight against

Russia (Hoare, 2010). Iwata et al. (2010) conducted

a case study on ICT-based GO traditional game card.

They developed GO game augmentation.

The development of martial arts needs

supervising and controlling to preserve their original

principles. Traditional arts should adapt to the

today’s conditions to be easily accepted by society

(Situngkir, 2008).

2 METHODS

This qualitative research used a phenomenological

approach. The selection of this approach was meant

to study a paradigm shift in Pencak Dor

participation.

The research was carried out in Kediri. Time and

place where the data were collected were based on

agreements with the respondents. Generally, the

wanted to be interviewed at their home in the

afternoon where they were not relatively busy.

The respondents were executive members of the

Pencak Dor Preservation Community and Pencak

Dor fighters. The data were collected using the data

saturation principle; i.e., the data collection stopped

when participants started to repeat what others have

said so that new information was emerging (Pollit,

Beck & Hungler, 2001). There were 11 people

volunteering in this study; however, only eight of

them became the data sources as the data have been

saturated.

The data were collected in natural settings by

means of in-depth interviews. This is in line with

what Sugiyono (2014) suggests that data could be

collected through observation, interview,

documentation, and their combination.

134

Himawanto, W., Mutohir, T. and Pramono, M.

Paradigm Shift in Pencak Dor Traditional Sport.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 1, pages 134-138

ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

When it first emerged, Pencak Dor was a martial art

used by santri to fight against Japan and usually

performed during their friendly gathering. There was

no grudge, violence and brutality in it. Nowadays,

brutality and violence seem to become parts of it.

This certainly deviates from its original principles.

What follows is a discussion of Pencak Dor

paradigm shifts.

Now, everyone, be it professional or amateur

fighters, is entitled to participate in Pencak Dor. This

open participation causes paradigm shift in Pencak

Dor. As earlier noted, Pencak Dor used to be held in

a friendly gathering between santri.

Paradigm shift is nothing new. Arnet’s (2006)

study, entitled Emerging Adulthood: Understanding

the New Way of Coming of Age, describes the shift

in people’s thinking in anticipation of the adulthood.

Arnet noted that 40 years before the conduct of the

study, people at ages 20-22 were married, had

children, and had to have their own house. However,

since the early 20th century, people will only get

married once they have done adventurous things.

Arnet’s report also cited Brodrick’s (2003) 10 things

to do before 30.

In relation to competition, Boone (2008)

conducted a study entitled A New Way to Measure

Competition. This study described the change in

how competition is assessed based on corporate

profits. This study emphasized the price-cost

margin(PCM) as a competition measurement. This

study suggested that relative profit difference was a

new competition measurement. This way, we can

locate the industry percentage in both directions. It is

congruent by 95% more than industry, PCM can be

used as a competition measurement in an empirical

study without much regard to theoretical examples.

The above studies showed that paradigm shifts

occurred to adapt to new existing needs and

environments. One of paradigm shifts in Pencak Dor

is that today it emphasizes strengths, rather than arts.

This condition is inevitable and not to be construed

as a problem since it is a modern dynamic.

A study on traditional-to-modern shift was

conducted by Bilgili (2011). This study described

the development of new jewelry designs using

Kano’s traditional method. The samples were 102

women in Enzurum. The result revealed that the use

of this traditional method was well-accepted by

consumers in the market with high expectation and

satisfaction.

Wattanabe et al. (2011) studied a Japanese

traditional medication, Kampo. The purpose was to

investigate the benefits of this medication and its

future use. It was revealed that Kampo is a holistic

and individual medication with a long tradition.

The above studies indicate the process of past

tradition modernization. This modernization is well

accepted by the society. However, this is not the

case with Pencak Dor. The shift in Pencak Dor is

rather negative than positive; i.e., from arts to

violence.

Table 1: Shift in Pencak Dor Participation.

Name

Motives

Understand

Pencak Dor

Heard it

from

N-1

Ancestral

mandate to

preserve

tradition

Yes

Pencak Dor

community

N-3

As a sport and

environmental

conservation

Yes

Gus

Maksum

and friends

N-4

For fun and

talent training

Yes

Competition

schedule

N-5

Self-testing

Teacher

N-6

New challenge

Friends

N-7

Try out own

ability

A little bit

Friends and

social

media

N-8

Training

mentality and

money making

Not yet

BBM and

Facebook

The above description shows fighters’ different

motives to participate in Pencak Dor. Data are sorted

by age, from the youngest to the oldest. The above

data only shows fighters’ motives to participate in

Pencak Dor. This study also captured data on

fighters’ responses after they participated in Pencak

Dor battle.

Almost all fighters expressed they wanted

Pencak Dor to be more widely acknowledged.

Below are fighters’ responses towards Pencak Dor.

Table 2: Fighters’ Responses after Participating in Pencak

Dor.

Name

Arts or Strengths

Expectation

N-1

Strengths to win,

but arts are still

preserved

Pencak Dor should be

professionally

organized

N-2

Strengths to win

Pencak Dor should be

professionally

organized

N-3

Strengths to win,

but arts are still

preserved

This martial art

should be preserved

and have standard

rules

N-4

Victory to see the

The competition

Paradigm Shift in Pencak Dor Traditional Sport

135

results of training

should be massively

organized and have

standard rules

N-5

Victory

Pencak Dor

competition should be

routinely organized

N-6

Strengths to win

Pencak Dor should be

well organized and

audience friendly

N-7

Strengths are more

dominant

Pencak Dor

competition should be

routinely organized to

bring about good

fighters

N-8

Then arts, now

strengths

Pencak Dor is

expected to bring

about national and

international athletes

Like Pencak Dor, global warming is also a

change with a detrimental effect. Therefore, it

requires control. Meinshausen (2009) examines a

climate change aiming to restrict it by 2

Meinshausen said that global warming restriction is

needed to keep the earth from getting hotter. Not

only complex issues, simple research problems also

need a delimitation. Weijer et al. (1999) said that

research delimitation is required to protect the

research subjects if necessary.

Pencak Dor is not the only sport characterized

with violence. Mixed Martial Art (MMA) is also full

of violence. Garcia and Malcolm (2010) studied

violence associated with MMA. MMA is always a

subject of many debates. Many experts argue that

MMA is too violent, and its competition must be

outlawed. However, Garcia and Malcolm’s study

reveals that fighters are happy to participate in

MMA. They argue that MMA emerges as a global

sport through the hybridization of the east and west

combat styles to increase the happiness. The result

of their study suggests that it MMA always a subject

of many debates because it is in between real and

staged fights.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Pencak Dor has rapidly developed. There has been a

change in the fighters’ motives to participate in this

traditional sport. Nowadays, fighters participate in

Pencak Dor to make money and to train mentality.

This was not the case in the past. Pencak Dor used to

be held as a friendly gathering event among santri,

but today it is held in a competition format. High

participation in Pencak Dor is the result of

socialization in various ways including using social

networking media.

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