SME Economic Empowerment through Vocational Village Program

in Ngunut Village, Jumantono Sub-District, Karanganyar Regency

Alan Sigit Fibrianto

, Badrus Sholeh

and Syamsul Bakhri

Sociological Postgraduate Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

Economics Education Department, Universitas Pamulang, Indonesia

{alansigitfibrianto53, senjabarat12}@gmail.com, s_bakhri@rocketmail.com

Keywords: Vocational Village, Economic Empowerment, AGIL.

Abstract: Ngunut Village is one of vocational village in Karanganyar Regency, some of government’s themes are

related to tailoring, payet, snack, instant medicinal herb, and ear and oyster mushrooms business groups.

There are some agents involved in it with the corresponding villagers being the object of vocational village

empowerment program, the government being the policy makers related to the program organized in

vocational village, and the students of college being the facilitators attempting to develop and to facilitate the

government’s vocational village program. This study aims to explore problems in vocational villages and

attempt to solve existing problems with four Talcott Parsons imperative concepts gradually starting from

adaption (A) process, goal attainment (G) process, integration (I) process, to latency process (L). This research

employed a qualitative method with case study approach, and observation and interview as the main

techniques of collecting data, and source triangulation to validate the data. The result of research showed that

there were some constraints in which the programs released since a long time ago had been vacuum. In

addition to those constraints, there was a new challenge in which individual elements, both government and

college along with society, develop the new existing potencies. Thus, the vocational village is created with

clear programs adjusted with community’s business and creativity and capable of synergizing the related

elements in its development.

1 INTRODUCTION

Micro-, small-, and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs)

have important and strategic position, potency and

role in achieving the objective of economic

development. SMEs are a business activity

attempting to expand job opportunity, contributing to

the process of distributing and improving the people’s

income evenly, encouraging the economic growth

and contributing to realizing stability in economic

sector. SMEs contribute substantially to gross

national product establishment, export improvement

and job and business opportunity expansion, evenly

income distribution and improvement. The existence

of SMEs is inseparable from national economic

growth as small-scale enterprise is the manifestation

of economic life of most Indonesian people, in the

attempt of building micro-, small-, and medium-scale

enterprises or called SMEs sub-sector of national

economy. SMEs get priority to be built and developed

in order to reinforce pro-people economy. The

existence of small and medium employers is the

manifestation of most Indonesian people’s economic

life. Such position puts the sector onto main way of

developing pro-people economic system. In realizing

the development of national business, small- and

medium-scale enterprise should be built in order to

develop independently and efficiently to improve the

people’s income, to create job opportunity, and to

improve its role in supplying product and service and

various domestic or foreign components. Industrial

sector including both large and micro-, small-, and

medium-scale ones are one sector contributing to the

national economic growth. Therefore, the

development of individual subsectors should be

conducted sustainably and building program should

be developed continuously corresponding to the

character and problem encountered.

In the presence of problems faced by Small- and

Medium-Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Ngunut

Village, Jumantono Sub District, Karanganyar

Regency, the participation of government,

particularly Cooperative and SMEs Office of

Karanganyar Regency, is required in growing and

Fibrianto, A., Sholeh, B. and Bakhri, S.

SME Economic Empowerment through Vocational Village Program in Ngunut Village, Jumantono Sub-District, Karanganyar Regency.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education (ICSE 2017) - Volume 1, pages 54-58

ISBN: 978-989-758-316-2

developing SMEs especially in Karanganyar

Regency Area, thereby becoming a productive and

developing small enterprise in the future. Ngunut

Village is a Vocational Village, in which there are

some business groups, the existence of which has

faded and been extinct today. In addition, there is a

role of College students in collaboration with

government in conducting Kuliah Kerja Nyata

(KKN) (Student Study Service) program themed

vocational village taken place in Ngunut Village. This

study aims to explore the existing problems and focus

on solving problems with the concept of theory used.

The analysis is conducted using Talcott Parson’s

structural functional theory with AGIL concept.

Discussion on Parson’s structural functionalism is

inseparable from the four functional imperatives for

all action systems, with its famous scheme called

AGIL (Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration,

Latency) Concept. Adaptation means that a system

should deal with the urgent need that is situational

external in nature, in which the system should adapt

to its environment and adapt the environment to its

needs. Goal attainment means that a system should

organize the relationship of components, and that

between three other functional imperatives (A, G, I).

Latency means that system should provide, maintain,

and reform both individuals’ motivation and cultural

patterns creating and supporting the motivation

(Ritzer, 2012). From the scheme, it can be concluded

that the classification of system function can be

summarized as follows: Latency (internal tool),

integration (internal result), Goal attainment

(external result), Adaptation (external tool) (Susilo,

2008).

Considering the elaboration above, the author is

interested in conducted a research entitled “SME

Economic Empowerment through Vocational Village

Program in Ngunut Village, Jumantono Sub District,

Karanganyar Regency”.

2 METHODS

In this research, the author employed a qualitative

research method with case study approach. The case

study approach is a research conducted intensively, in

detail, and in-depth on an organization, institution or

certain phenomenon (Arikunto, 2006). Case study

can be defined as a research method or strategy and

the result of research on certain case, all at once. Case

study is understood as the approach to study, to

inform, and to interpret a ‘case’ in its natural context

without outsider intervention (Salim, 2006). Overall,

the case study design can be justified in certain

conditions: (a) the case raises an important test on the

existing theory, (b) is a scarce or unique event, or (c)

is related to disclosure objective (Yin, 2014). This

research was taken place in Ngunut Village,

Jumantono Sub District, Karanganyar Regency, as

one of Vocational Village. Techniques of collecting

data used are observation, interview, and

documentation. Data validation was carried out using

source triangulation technique. Technique of

analyzing data used encompassed four stages: data

collection, data reduction, data display, and

conclusion drawing or verification.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The result of research shows that there is a main

problem pertaining to vocation program application

in Ngunut Village. This government’s vocational

village program aims to explore the natural resource

potency and to develop the local human resources,

that later will end up with the improvement of

villagers’ economic quality. Government applies five

vocational programs in Ngunut Village including,

among others, tailoring, payet, snack, instant

medicinal herb, and ear and oyster mushrooms

business groups. Government cooperates with college

to contribute to developing and facilitate the society

as business performer in vocational village. It is

expected that any program implemented by

government can run well and can improve not only

human resource but also family income thereby

leading to improving the economic quality of society.

The college involved in vocational village

development, among others, is Sebelas Maret

University located in Surakarta City, by holding

Vocational KKN. Vocational KKN program in

Ngunut Village is designed to facilitate the business

originally has been established by government

through developing Vocational Village. After the

business group has been established, it is expected

that currently it still run well and can be an

independent business group. There are five business

groups established by government: tailoring, payet,

snack, instant medicinal herb, and ear and oyster

mushrooms business groups. However, in fact, those

five business groups have long been vacuum. It was

because primarily there is no periodical facilitation

from government, and capital becoming the main

problem. Because the government’s program, has

long been vacuum, to restart it from the beginning,

capital and facilitation are required for the business

performers, when the program wants to keep being

implemented. Meanwhile, some business groups

SME Economic Empowerment through Vocational Village Program in Ngunut Village, Jumantono Sub-District, Karanganyar Regency

develop in the village, some of them are the surviving

ones and some others are new business created by the

local people themselves. Some business groups have

run well. Some business groups still run well

corresponding to the government’s theme in

vocational program, tailoring, instant medicinal herb,

and mushroom. However, those three businesses are

not consistent with vocational program intended to

create group corresponding to the original design.

Originally, when business groups were established by

government through vocational village, many people

of Ngunut people attended the program

enthusiastically in throng and operated the business

by creating joint venture (Kelompok Usaha Bersama

= KUBE). Initially, this activity ran smoothly when

direction and socialization was done by government.

However, the inadequate comprehensive and serious

facilitation from government made joint venture

groups created originally fade and cease. There are

only some individuals still surviving, for example:

tailoring, instant medicinal herb, and mushroom.

However, those businesses operated individually

rather than in joint venture. Even new businesses

arises from Ngunut Village such as leather chips,

animal breeding (cat fish, broiler chicken, egg layer

chicken, and cow breeding), but these businesses also

run individually rather in venture group. College

students contribute to empowering the joint venture

group in Ngunut Village through Vocational KKN

(Student Study Service) under University and

government guidance. So the role of students should

be flexible, as students as the facilitator developing

vocational village program obtaining full support and

help with the involvement of lecturers (as

academician that can contribute their scholarship)

from university and government (as the policy maker

and the provider of facility needed by students in

developing vocational village), in order to implement

the government’s objective and service to society to

solve the existing problem. Students as the ‘agent of

change’ can bridge the community and government,

and university, with any complete component

existing in each of those elements. Thus, the role of

students is very important in exploring any problem

existing, dealing with the existing problem, and

facilitating completely during service period aiming

to focus on developing the vocational village

program.

When related to Talcott Parsons’ structural

functionalism theory, emphasizing on AGIL

(Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration, Latency)

concept, the implementation of vocational village

program should be conducted synergistically between

many parties for the sake of business sustainability.

Adaptation is desirable; in this case any new

policy indeed needs habituation thereby becoming

common and accustomed. Adaptation can be defined

as self adjustment to something. In the enactment of

certain system or the implementation of certain

policy, one initial step to be taken is to make

adaptation, trying to adapt system or policy to the

existing culture, so that through this habituation

process, individual can adapt well to and can accept

something new or the preexisting one. The

application of vocational village program should

adapt to village potency, either natural or community

potency. Government should adapt any program

enacted to the field and can infer what should be done.

Community as the object of vocational village object

should be collaborative and should move together to

achieve the collective objective, the impact of which

will be felt by the community itself. The students can

also be collaborative not only with community but

also with government and lecturers. Thus, adaptation

process can run maximally.

In addition, the application of a certain policy or

system certainly has purpose and objective to be

achieved and approved mutually (Goal attainment).

Therefore, in this case, every application of policy or

certain system has an objective achievement. There is

a final objective being the collective priority, there is

an expectation of creating a consensus, thus the

idealized objective can be realized through a process

performed together. To realize the objective together,

there should be harmonious thinking from many

elements involved. The essence is the creation of a

view on the achievement what has been approved in

consensus. As such, the objective has been clear, and

then how to achieve the objective through the

program implemented. Every element serving as the

agent should be able to view harmoniously the

program and every design implemented in the

application of vocational village program. The

program should be adjusted with field condition and

situation. In addition, the problem existing considered

as important should be analyzed in order to create

solution collectively. So, the knowledge of all

elements as the agent is very important to field

condition and to give alternative solution to the

improvement of program, so that the mutually

approved objective in one view can be realized

maximally.

To achieve the objective, there should be an

integration of some elements involved that can move

synergistically. In this stage, other three components

should be managed, from adaptation, objective

achievement and latency. Because this integration

determines how every component runs, adaptation is

ICSE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education

needed to adapt to any field situation and condition

inseparable from the elements contributing to the

system. The objective will not be achieved

successfully when every element does not run well.

Every defect element will yield a less maximal

output. Therefore, there should be an integration that

can unite everything, from the involvement of all

related parties, agent’s role, to technical matter in the

field related to the program conducted. Everything

should run synergistically, or otherwise the idealized

objective will never be realized as expected. It is

intended merely to create synergy and good integrity

between government, colleges, and society.

Thus, it will eventually create a relationship

between policies, habituation, synergy, integrity, and

the objective to be achieved. Before going to the next

stage, latency, there are some challenges to be coped

with from the problems arising in the implementation

of vocational village program in Ngunut Village,

Jumantono Sub District, Karanganyar Regency.

Because, before the challenge is addressed, the next

stage concerns the maintenance of pattern that has

been able to address the problem occurring.

Somehow, this pattern maintenance is the final

element of AGIL concept, the presence of which is

needed for the harmony and the sustainability of three

previous imperative concepts, A, G, and I. The first

challenge is that adaptation is needed for the process

of adapting vocational village program to the

businesses starting to develop and survive in Ngunut

Village. It is because the program created originally

has no longer run. So, it expected that there should be

an adaptation of vocational program to the potency

existing in the village, by considering society’s

business and creativity existing in Ngunut Village, so

that the government policy through vocational village

program can adapt to the field condition. Policy is not

absolute and can be changed, so considering the

condition of Ngunut Village, there should be an

improved government policy related to the programs

implemented. Thus, vocational village program can

be harmonious with the existing activity in the field.

Thus, the college students serve to be agent or

facilitator in vocational village program

development. In addition, because the role of students

as facilitator has limited time, because students

service program through Vocational KKN of College

only runs for several months only, so that there should

be a reporting on action result and gain of each period.

Thus, this report is not only a formality requirement

but also a reference for Vocational KKN students to

continue what has been done by the Vocational KKN

students in previous period. Thus, facilitation can be

done sustainably. Because so far the report on

Vocational KKN activity is considered as merely

formality, it is utilized inadequately as the follow-up

action. Thus, the less supporting old pattern should be

abandoned and replaced with the new more

supporting one, using report on Vocational KKN

result as the database for the activity in next period in

the same location, thereby can formulate the further

steps (measures) sustainably. Thus, the result will

improve continuously, and no same error will be

repeated in every period. So the role of students as

facilitator will keep directed. The community as the

performer (actor) of vocational village program will

be helped and motivated in operating SMEs. These

SMEs should be facilitated in vocational village

program. The fact in the field shows that every SMEs

not belonging to the vocational village program

theme, SMEs do not become development priority,

while every SME in Ngunut Village highly needs

support in its business development. Therefore the

next challenge is the government’s seriousness in

implementing vocational village program. The

government should adapt to field condition and

situation and can facilitate every SME highly needing

support. Any vocational program that has been

vacuum should be replaced with SMEs running in

Ngunut Village, and the next step is to integrate any

SMEs developing with the vocational village

program, so that they can be facilitated. It is

conducted to create social envy, to prevent

discriminative assumption from appearing to certain

SMEs, and to generalize any SMEs needing

facilitation. The next challenge is integration,

integrating all SMEs into the vocational village

program, and any same SMEs are classified into an

association or joint venture group (KUBE), in order to

establish mutually supporting relation, as the means

of discussing together to talk about business

performed, sharing information, sharing insight,

giving input and establishing cooperative for the joint

venture sustainability as well as integrating every

elements involved (villagers, government and

college) in order to answer the existing problem and

to give the best solution and to focus together on the

development of vocational village programs

harmonize previously, rather than a means of

competing with each other.

Therefore, a tidily organized behavior pattern will

be created. The next stage is latency. After the pattern

has been established, it should be maintained in order

to be enacted continuously and sustainably. As long

as it is positive in nature, the pattern created will

result in a positive benefit and will likely everlasting.

In this way, AGIL concept can solve this problem.

SME Economic Empowerment through Vocational Village Program in Ngunut Village, Jumantono Sub-District, Karanganyar Regency

4 CONCLUSION

Vocational village program in Ngunut Village,

Jumantono Sub District, Karanganyar Regency,

involved three elements: villagers, government and

college students. There are five vocational village

programs in Ngunut Village: tailoring, payet, snack,

instant medicinal herb, and ear and oyster mushrooms

business groups. However, some of those programs

have ceased, and other new businesses grow from the

villagers’ creativity out of the vocational village

program theme. There should be adaptation process,

mutual objective, integration, and pattern

maintenance. Synergy is required between related

elements: villagers, government, and college students

to solve the problem collectively.

Vocational village program is expected to

facilitate any SMEs developing in Ngunut Villages

and to run well by integrating any SMEs, classifying

the similar business groups, integrating the role of

related elements, and having collective objective,

thereby running harmoniously and sustainably and

improving the economic quality of corresponding

community.

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Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu

Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Ritzer, George. 2012. Teori Sosiologi: Dari Sosiologi

Klasik Sampai Perkembangan Terakhir Postmodern.

Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Salim, Agus. 2006. Teori dan Paradigma Penelitian Sosial.

Yogyakarta: PT Tiara Wacana.

Susilo, R. K. D. 2008. 20 Tokoh Sosiologi Modern –

Biografi Para Peletak Sosiologi Modern. Yogyakarta:

Ar-Ruzz Media.

Yin, R. K. 2015. Studi Kasus – Desain & Metode. Jakarta:

Rajawali Pers.

ICSE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education