Sexual Violence in Adolescent
Annisa Fitriyani, Siti Nurbayani and Sardin Sardin
Postgraduate of Sociology Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung, Indonesia
Keywords: Playmate, Family, Predator.
Abstract: The rise of cases of sexual violence involving adolescents as perpetrators is quite disturbing to the public. The
case that became the main focus in this study was sexual violence committed by a 14-year-old boy in Garut
district with 15 children. This incident is quite surprising because the perpetrator is a person close to the
victims even playmates despite different ages. Therefore, the main issue is how to reveal the factors that
trigger the occurrence of sexual violence. In order to break the chain of sexual predators especially in the case
of children and adolescents. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive analytic method to 13
families consisting of victim's family and perpetrator. Technique of collecting data and information is done
through interview, observation, documentation study, and literature study. The findings of this study reveal
that: (1) Sexual violence occurs in families that apply parenting tend to be permissive due to lack of parental
supervision as well as parent and child communication; (2) The high social cohesion on the social system of
society is the driving force behind the sexual violence of children and (3) Anti-social attitude as the trigger of
the weakness of social control of society, so that both family and other community elements lack good
coordination.
1 INTRODUCTION
Teenagers today are not only involved in
irregularities such as skipping school or brawl, but
have reached the act of crime in the form of sexual
violence. In general, sexual deviation is a behavior
that is not in accordance with prevailing norms
(Moen, 2015). Sexual violence in children is a global
problem that is quite a lot happening (Stoltenborgh et
al., 2011). In general, the perpetrators of irregularities
cannot control their sex drive and often experience
sexual exposure, such as through film or
pornographic images (Mattebo et al., 2014; Neutze et
al., 2011). Sexual divergences are sometimes
accompanied by sexual misconduct, i.e. sexual
behavior or fantasies directed at the attainment of
orgasms through heterosexual or heterococcal sexual
relationships, and contrary to generally acceptable
norms of sexual behavior in society (Seto, 2012). A
survey conducted by Fatimah (in Masunah, 2011) by
conducting a survey to adolescents aged 15-24 years,
it is known that 30% of teenagers have sex outside of
marriage with their own girlfriend, 11% with
commercial sex workers, 3% with new people, and
40% turns couples . Therefore, now being highlighted
is sexual violence perpetrated by teenagers
Not only in terms of the type of violence, but also
in terms of the number of victims who each year rose,
and also in terms of age perpetrators of violence that
now involves the teenagers. Report of Child
Protection Institution (LPA) in 2016 mention the age
range of the victim is at age 5 s.d <10 years amounted
to 40 people, age range 10 s.d <15 years amounted to
38 people, and age range 15 s.d 18 years amounted to
33 people. While the perpetrators are in the age range
<18 years of 24 people, age range 18 s.d 25 years
totalling 27 people. KPAI argues that victims of
sexual violence are boys with a comparison of 60%
male and 40% female. As for the profile of the
perpetrator in almost all cases is the person closest to
the child, it could be teacher, uncle, biological father,
step father, and neighbour (Ratih, 2015). In addition,
the factors that influence the occurrence of sexual
violence in children are family factors, environmental
factors, value factors and individual factors
(Wonosobo, 2017).
The case that some time ago into the public
spotlight is a case of abuse involving the suspect
initials F, who was still very young, i.e. 14 years. The
suspect is a first grader of Junior High School in
Garut. Victims of the suspect are also underage
children with vulnerable ages ranging from seven to
Fitriyani, A., Nurbayani, S. and Sardin, S.
Sexual Violence in Adolescent.
In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education (ICSE 2017) - Volume 2, pages 589-592
ISBN: 978-989-758-316-2
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
589

11 years. There are about 17 children who have
reported as victims of this case. This case seems to
open our eyes that sexual crimes in the form of
pedophilia that is not only done by adults, but also has
penetrated in adolescents. Teenagers seem to have
become a pedophile predator that disturbs the public.
As revealed by Sarlito (2001) states that children who
are teenagers tend to perform sexual activities pre-
intercourse like seeing books or movies obscene,
kissing, dating and so forth. There is a tendency for
sexual violence in the form of pedophilia to be
transmitted, or, more precisely, traumatic, i.e. injury,
tissue damage, injury or shock.
As explained earlier that the factors that
encourage the occurrence of sexual violence can
come from all directions both family, environment,
and individuals. So, to uncover the factors we need to
start by knowing first the condition of family and
society in the region. Victims of spousal violence and
group violence will be more likely to experience child
sexual abuse (Ramírez et al., 2011). Harahap et al.
(2015) argued that "victims, especially those
experiencing sexual violence, are more likely to
experience trauma. This trauma can be both physical
and mental. "This trauma that needs to be decided in
order not to reborn "predators" other sexual especially
from among teenagers. Applying proper parenting to
the child will shape the behavior and character of the
child in accordance with the expectations of parents
and also the community. It is necessary to review the
families of perpetrators and victims in order to obtain
accurate data on the factors causing sexual violence
behavior that occurred. By knowing the trigger
factors of sexual violence, it is hoped that pedophilia
predator chain can be decided.
2 METHODS
2.1 Participant
This study focuses on reviewing the families of
victims and perpetrator of cases of pedophilia in
Cigedug subdistrict, Garut regency, especially in the
field of parenting that is applied. Subjects were 13
families of victims, along with one family of
perpetrator.
This study uses analytical descriptive method,
which is a method that describes and analyzes the
problems studied analytically to detail through
qualitative approaches to related parties such as
family, village community leaders, and the school.
The process of collecting data in this study consisted
of observation, in-depth interview, documentation,
and also literature study. The result of the
observation is in the form of activities, events, events,
objects, conditions or a particular atmosphere, and
feelings of one's emotions. In-depth interviews were
conducted on the research informant, the victim's
family and also the perpetrator / victim.
Documentation is done by the researcher using a
photo camera and recording device with the help of
mobile phones to record the activities of all family
members relevant to the purpose of research. As well
as the assessment of a number of literature relevant to
the problem of research through books, journals,
theses, dissertations or other research, especially
research from abroad associated with cases of sexual
violence (pedophile).
3 RESEARCH RESULT AND
DISCUSSION
3.1 The Parenting Pattern applied by
the Family of Perpetrator and
Victims
Children learn moral values and social conventions
through a process of socialization, most of which
involve parenting (Grusec, 2011). The application of
parenting in the victim's family and the perpetrator is
seen in daily activities. In terms of playing, children
are accustomed to playing freely on bail when their
prayer time has to go home. Children are also often
left to go to school themselves, although the distance
home and school far enough and the road conditions
are also quiet. Parents are used to allowing their
children to go with their friends without supervision
from a more mature person. Children are used to
playing or leaving school without supervision or
parental assistance. Parenting is shaped by value and
trust as well as by the wider environment in which the
family lives (Crockett and Hayes, 2011).
There is a "lameness" of parenting. The figure of
a husband / father may only be able to gather with
other family members about two weeks or even once
a month. Many of the reasons behind this can happen,
one of which is the demands of their work that forces
them to stay away from family. These husbands /
fathers must wander to work out of town Garut both
as traders and project workers. The father figure is an
example figure to be able to form a defensive fort in
the child. Father pointed out as a "good parent" is by
being a participant in family life and spending time
with his son (Pedersen, 2012). Father figures who are
generally seen firm, strong and brave little more
ICSE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education
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personal form of children as well, especially children
brave to say no to bad. Children do not seem to have
a strong role model, especially in terms of discipline
and security, so the child is not controlled. Father
absenteeism increases the risky behavior of
adolescents, such as smoking or early childbirth, there
is an effect on the cognitive abilities of teenagers
continuing to weaken (McLanahan et al., 2013),
Whereas activities and communications with fathers
provide fewer internalization problems and higher
academic achievements (Pleck, 2012). With such
circumstances, inevitably the mother figure is the
more dominant in terms of parenting and also
supervision of children because it is the mother who
is always at home.
Less optimal father / husband in the family, the
number of children relatively close to the age of age,
and the freedom of children playing unattended leads
to a permissive form of parenting, where parents are
not much involved in the activities of children both at
home and outside the house. Permissive parenting
habits have an influence on misbehavior through
affiliation with peers (Hinnant et al., 2015).
Perpetrators and victims who come from permissive
care because relying only on maternal care is difficult
to control and supervise, the same is true for victims
who have similar conditions. Fathers and mothers
who practice inconsistent disciplines tend to be more
likely to have young people who like unsafe behavior
(Jinnah and Stoneman, 2016). A proper parenting
pattern for children will shape the behavior and
character of the child according to the expectations of
parents and also the community, where children learn
moral values and social conventions through
socialization process, which mostly involves
parenting (Grusec, 2011).
3.2 The Social System that Occurs in
The Society
Religious activities become one of the typical
activities in this village. Many small mosques in the
area are commonly used for prayers and religious
schools. Usually religious activities will take place
during the day and also sunset. This religious school
is intended for children of kindergarten to elementary
school age.
The families in the village have a very traditional
perspective in addressing parenting outside the home.
They tend to let their children play with anyone and
anywhere with the guarantee of "time to pray they
have to go home". This is what parents always
instilled to their children. So children are free to play
every day wherever they are with the adzan
reverberating them home, and afterwards they are
free to play again. This is due to the views of the
parents that all the people in their village are
"dulur/family" them, because they are in lineage they
still have a strong fraternal strap between families.
This bond is called social cohesion. The cohesion is
perceived to include the sense of belonging to a
particular group and the feeling of passion associated
with membership in the group. The perceived
cohesion is an attribute of individuals in a group that
reflects an assessment of their own relationship to the
group (Bollen and Hoyle, 1990).
A strong view of this is one of the causes of poor
parental supervision of children's playmates, parents
assume "it's okay there's still a family, can help
supervise". There are still many views in each family
indicating the transfer of parental care to others who
are considered trustworthy because of the background
"kinship". However, this is regretted by the families
of the victims, they feel careless with the existence of
the case.
Apart from the high social cohesion, the economic
condition of the community in Cicayur village is also
enough to encourage stratification within the
community. The class distinctions of the villagers are
quite visible, the dividing line between the upper and
lower classes is evident from the houses they live in
and also the positions in which their homes are built.
This difference in socioeconomic status ultimately
leads to a measure of power. Status is positively
related to justice towards others, while power is
negatively associated with justice toward others
(Blader and Chen, 2012)
3.3 Community Owned Social Control
The community has quite low social control
especially in the social activities of its teenagers.
Several times seen teenagers gathered for no apparent
reason along the irrigation bridge, not only men but
also women. This activity is not done during the day
but in the afternoon before sunset until night. The
parents and the community seemed reluctant to
reprimand or even disperse the "mob".
The reluctance of the community in supervision,
especially the activity of adolescents, indicates the
low social control that is owned. This is based on the
existence of anti-social attitudes within the individual
society. Anti-social behavior is characterized by the
blurring of boundaries, behavior, thinning of
activities (Brown, 2004). Genetic and environmental
factors influence the development of antisocial
behavior, antisocial individuals are impulsive,
irritable, and often have no concerns about the
Sexual Violence in Adolescent
591

responsibilities they set (Torry and Billick, 2011).
This may be the reason why people are reluctant to
pay attention to the activities of other citizens,
especially teenagers. Continuing and increasing
antisocial behavior predicts intimidation and refusal
to share / interact with unknown peers (Ensor et al.,
2010).
4 CONCLUSIONS
Sexual violence in the form of pedophilia that is now
prevalent can also be done by adolescents as
perpetrators. Many factors that encourage the
occurrence of this phenomenon, both from the side of
the perpetrator and the victim. The most supportive
factors are environmental factors such as family and
also the surrounding community.
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