Bureaucratic Reforms in Attaining Gender-Equitable Good
Governance in Indonesian Local Government
Luluk Fauziah, Mashudi Mashudi and Mochammad Tanzil Multazam
Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Jalan Majapahit 666 B, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Keywords: Bureaucratic Reform, Good Governance, Gender Equality.
Abstract: The purposes of the present research are to describe 1) bureaucratic reform in implementing good
governance in gender equity, and 2) supporting factors and obstacles of bureaucratic reform in
implementing good governance in gender equity in Indonesian Local Government. The study employs
qualitative method of phenomenological approach. Administrative reform or reform of the new bureaucracy
is reduced to the extent of raising salaries and raising honorary staff as civil servants. In the pursuit of social
justice, the government issued regulation requiring equality and gender justice to be stated in Indonesian
Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2000 on Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) in National Development. The
results of the study shows that the gender gap is mainly caused by various matters relating to socio-culture
factors, religious interpretation, economic structure, laws and legislation that are implemented in various
policies and programs designed to disregard the differences in issues, aspirations, experiences and needs
among men and women, as well as their consequences for women and men so that policies and programs
become gender-neutral. The supporting and inhibiting factors are women subordinated by socially
constructed factors. Furthermore, injustice and gender discrimination are unfair conditions resulting from
social systems and structures either directly or indirectly by the impact of a legislation or policy.
1 INTRODUCTION
The policy of bureaucratic reform development is
realized with the intention of improving the better
governance and is the most valuable part in
improving the enactment of national development.
In the end of the day, bureaucratic reform policy is
expected to accomplish the developed public service
quality, capacity and accountability enhancement of
bureaucratic performance, and improved
professionalism of government apparatus’ resources,
as well as the management of clean and corruption
free government (Thalib et al., 2017). Regarding
with the existing status quos, the government has
made the efforts to unceasingly improving the
quality of bureaucratic reform through the
implementation of development policies as outlined
in the document of RPJMN 2010-2014, in addition
to the release of several policies on bureaucratic
reform, among others by the enactment of
Government Regulation No. 81/2010 on Grand
Design Bureaucratic Reform year 2010-2025. It is
essential to evaluate the accomplishment of the
development of bureaucratic reform based on the
development objectives set forth in the development
documents. The evaluation results are expected to
serves as the input and improvement of further
policy formulation.
The reform of the government apparatus in
Indonesia has been done, according to (Firman,
2009), mentioned that the reform of the government
apparatus is still in the marginal position since it has
not touched the authoritative essential parts in the
administration system yet. In practice,
administration or bureaucratic reform is reduced to
the extent of increasing salaries and promoting
honorary staff as civil servants. The reform of the
government apparatus is a compulsory prerequisite
to ensure the continuing management of democratic
governance as well as economic system that is able
to generate social justice for all (Firman, 2009).
Denoting to what Firman delivered that one value,
which ought to be assured in governance is the value
of social justice for all. This concept is in line with
Gould-Williams (Knies et al., 2018), which stating
that public management is influenced by a desire to
consider greater social justice, demands for
democratization and empowerment as well as
556
Fauziah, L., Mashudi, M. and Multazam, M.
Bureaucratic Reforms in Attaining Gender-Equitable Good Governance in Indonesian Local Government.
In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (ANCOSH 2018) - Revitalization of Local Wisdom in Global and Competitive Era, pages 556-560
ISBN: 978-989-758-343-8
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

demands for humanization and public service
management. Unfortunately, the demand for social
justice as a manifestation of the governance
management based on human governance is still
often overlooked from the many parties’
consideration.
In the efforts to accomplish social justice, the
Indonesian government enacted a regulation that
requiring gender equality and equity declared
explicitly in Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2000
on PUG (Gender Mainstreaming) in National
Development. The Regulation affirmed that every
Ministry, Non-Departmental Government
Institution, Secretary of High & Supreme Institution,
Commander of TNI, Chief of Indonesian Police,
Attorney General, Governor, Regent/Mayor shall
implement PUG in realizing for the implementation
of planning, execution, monitoring and evaluation of
national development policies and programs with a
gender-based perspective in accordance with the
field of responsibilities and functions, as well as
their respective authorities. The commitment to
implement the PUG is explicitly stated in the
RPJMN 2010-2014. Based on the description above,
the problems of this research are described as
follows: 1) How the bureaucratic reform in attaining
gender-equitable good governance and 2) What are
the constraining and supporting factors of
bureaucratic reform in attaining gender-equitable
good governance in Sidoarjo regency.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Research conducted by Lewis (Lewis, 2017) aims in
knowing the implementation of Good Governance in
the administration service at Indonesia local
government to determine the supporting and
inhibiting factors. The result of the research
indicates that the implementation of good
governance in administrative service has not run
optimally, because of the discriminative service and
treatment towards society they are giving, the
unavailable public complaint mechanism like
suggestion box or post box used by the government
for community’s medium in relaying their criticisms
or suggestions, the people often find difficulties in
handling the legal, land and finance management if
the Sub-district head is not present at the moment
since his absence cannot be replaced by the Sub-
district head’ representative, the numerous people
who did not get the certainty of time regarding with
the completion of ID cards, as well as hindrances
that obstruct in services such as equipment
condition, which sometimes damaged, such as a
computer that contains virus or the unusable printer.
In the other way, the investigation of Lalu
(Angkasah et al., 2017) illustrates that governments
and communities have a common role in managing
state institutions through bureaucratic reform,
together in pursuit of forming development pattern
by principles of justice and courtesy. The
development of bureaucratic reform displays that
public services are still weak. Thus, this is
influenced by the overweighed bureaucratic
structure and the excessive number of employees,
resulting in the overlapping functions and authority.
The high number of corruption committed by
corrupt bureaucrats also triggered the dawdling
progress of bureaucratic reform objectives (Sriyana
et al., 2017). The role of leaders also affects the
infirm performance of bureaucracy at various stages
and levels. In the meantime, there are not much
competent and professional leaders. The ever-
running development of patrimonialism model will
influence the weakness of service. The role of
leaders as agents of change must be able to restore
public confidence in the management and
administration of the bureaucracy.
3 METHOD
This study is descriptive qualitative research to
acquire deep portray regarding with the problem to
be examined. Research location in Sidoarjo
Regency. This study examines the bureaucratic
reforms in attaining gender-equitable good
governance in Sidoarjo Regency as well as
determining what the supporting and inhibiting
factors are. Researcher focuses on this problem since
the bureaucratic reform in Sidoarjo Regency has not
been fully accomplished, specifically concerning on
the uneven and unexploited gender equality and
equity. Meanwhile, capacity, capability, science,
moral are good enough let alone if the official
already comprehended gender. Therefore, in this
study, researcher attempted to provide a systematic,
factual and accurate description of the conditions
that exist in the research location concerning on the
observed object, where the facts relating to the
condition and based on existing facts will be taken in
a conclusion.
Bureaucratic Reforms in Attaining Gender-Equitable Good Governance in Indonesian Local Government
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4 RESEARCH FINDING AND
DISCUSSION
4.1 Bureaucratic Reform in Attaining
Gender-Equitable Good
Governance in Local Government
Implementation of good governance is a way to
understand how the enactment of good governance
in an organization or institution. The goal is to
identify whether the government apparatus has
performed its duties and responsibilities in
professionalism, accountability, transparency,
excellent service, and efficiency and effectiveness in
completing its work. Based on the above
understanding, five related focuses in the
implementation of good governance in Sidoarjo
Regency would be discussed in this study,
incorporating:
First: Professionalism. the implementation of
good governance in the administrative services of
government institutions in aspect of employee
professionalism, which is still not well-ordered due
to numerous injustice service experienced by the
employees discriminatively, which means they
provide services to people they know like friends,
family, and another important people. While the
people who came first placed into second priority,
though knowing the community has the same rights
over services in accordance with agreed regulations.
Second, Accountability; the obligation to provide
accountability, display, report and disclose all
activities and events that being their responsibility
towards the liable and authoritative party that has the
right to hold the demand. Concluded on the results
of research mentioned that the implementation of
good governance in administrative services in terms
of accountability has not gone well. Although
complaint box for suggestions/criticisms has
provided, as well as difficulty in handling legal,
money and land issues when the concerned official
is not available.
Third, Transparency is the opening of access for
all interested parties to the required information. It
intended to afford opportunities to various
components of society in the service process. Such
information is not only available, easy to obtain, but
also relevant, understandable. Including
ingenuousness in processes/procedures in service to
the community, the results of research in the field of
implementation of good governance in
administrative services in terms of well-maintained
transparency. Fourth. Excellent Service; The results
showed by the implementation of good governance
in administrative services in terms of excellent
service is splendidly execute. Excellent service
given by the apparatus in the community was
created by the results of services that provide a sense
of security to the community in various purposes, as
well as convenience in service by providing
supporting facilities for example with the waiting
room, parking and toilet. In addition, the last fifth,
Effective Efficiency; the results of research in the
field of implementation of good governance in
administrative services in terms of efficiency and
effectiveness has not pleasantly achieved. Due to of
the lack certainty of time regarding with the
completion of ID cards is not balanced by the speed
of quick printing, and people are also disappointed
due to of differences when served.
4.2 Inhibiting Factor
The Inhibiting factor of bureaucratic reform in
realizing gender-equitable good governance in
Sidoarjo Regency is the existence of subordination
that women are less important to be involved in
political decision making. Women are subordinated
to socially fabricated factors. This is due to the
unconditioned concept of gender to the particular
policy maker/stakeholder consequently causing
employment discrimination for women. The
temporal assumption that irradiative or emotional
women resulting in women being estimated
incapable of performing as leaders, and causing in
an attitude that places women in nonessential
positions. In addition, the subordination to this type
of women's work turns out not only in households,
yet also projected at the community and other public
sector jobs.
The patriarchal culture within the community
structure assumes that men are superior while
women are inferior. Women only serves as escorts,
serving husbands and taking care of the household,
are the reflection of women in subordinate positions
in accordance with the unavailability of proper
conditioned the gender concept, which later causes
discrimination against women (Wilson, 2017). In
understanding the concept of gender, there are 3
approaches that can be used as reference include:
 Injustice and gender discrimination which is
an unfair condition resulting from the system
and social structure either directly in the form
of treatment or attitude and indirectly in a
form of impact of a legislation or policy, in
which both women and men are victims of the
system and has its roots in history, customs,
ANCOSH 2018 - Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
558

norms and structures in civilization. The forms
of injustice include women's marginalization,
subordination, stereotypical views, violence
and workload;
 Equality and gender equity which is a
condition in which the social cycles of males
and females are equal, even, balanced and
harmonious. This condition can be realized if
there is fair treatment between women and
men. Its application should take into account
of contextual and situational issues not based
on mathematical calculations and not
universal;
 Application of PUG with pluralistic
principles, not by conflict approaches, through
the process of socialization and advocacy as
well as upholding human rights and
democratization.
4.3 Supporting Factor
In other hand, the supporting factors in realizing
gender equitable good governance in Sidoarjo
Regency comes from the process of governance
through state power in the implementation of public
good and service that called as good governance, as
the exercise of political, economy and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affair at all levels.
This means that, economic governance has a sense
as a process in making decisions on equality,
poverty, and quality to live. While political
governance in Sidoarjo government gives
understanding to decision process in policy
formulation. While administrative governance is part
of the implementation or implementation of the
policy that good, governance is a construction built
based on government bureaucratic reform.
Implementation of the state with the development of
good governance through the process of public
services and improvements to bureaucratic
organizations.
Sidoarjo Regency government, in the
implementation of service to the community based
on professionalism, accountability, transparency,
excellent service, efficiency and effectiveness has
been well accomplished due to its support by the
resources of government apparatus (bureaucracy). In
addition, the mind-set of the policymakers/
stakeholders have begun to implement gender-
equitable programs and activities because one of
them has implemented out bond gender with the
mind-set expectation of poured aspiration in various
programs and activities is no longer questioning for
whom the usefulness of this program is made for.
Since both men and women are able to utilize and
access the development programs that carried well,
Sidoarjo Regency also takes into account gender
equality-based programs and activities, supported by
disaggregated data between men and women in all
development affairs.
5 CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of good governance is aimed in
knowing whether the government apparatus has
carried their duties and responsibilities in
professional, accountable, transparent, optimal
service, efficient as well as effective in its
accomplishment or not.
Therefore, the obstacle of bureaucracy reform in
attaining the gender equitable good governance in
Sidoarjo Regency are: the existence of
subordination, which emphasizes the opinion that
placing woman as unnecessary participant in
political decision making. Women are being
subordinated into the socially constructed factors.
While the supporting factors are originated from the
governance process through state sovereignty in the
implementation of public good and service
mentioned as good governance as the exercise of
political, economy and administrative authority to
manage a nation's affair at all levels. This means that
economic governance has a meaning as a process in
making decisions against equality, poverty, and
quality to live. While political governance in
Sidoarjo government gives understanding of
deciding process in policy formulation. While
administrative governance is part of the
implementation or application of the policy, which
highlight that good governance is a construction
built based on government bureaucracy reform.
Implementation of the state with the development of
good governance through the process of public
services and improvements to bureaucratic
organizations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research is funded by Universitas
Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo.
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