The Empowerment of Micro and Small Industry of Wood Lathe by
Department of Industry and Commerce: Case Study at Tanggung
Village, Blitar, Indonesia
Laily Nur Hasanah
Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Keywords: Empowerment, SMEs, Department of Industry and Commerce.
Abstract: Along with the growth of micro and small industries of wood lathe, there are also some problems in its
development. Therefore it is necessary to empower effort intensively and create integration executed by a
related institution which in this case is the Department of Industry and Commerce. This paper aims to
determine the empowerment of micro and small industries undertaken by the Department of Industry and
Commerce, identifying the constraining factors in the implementation and the efforts that have been made by
the Department in conducting the development of micro and small industries of wood lathe in Tanggung
Village, Blitar, East Java. The observation method used is an explorative method with an inductive approach.
Data is collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The results showed that there have been
efforts made by The Department of Industry and Commerce in Blitar for micro and small industries of wood
lathe. In the implementation of the empowerment activities, we found some obstacles such as difficulties in
terms of resources, public responses, communications, and institutional issues.
1 INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country with abundant natural
resources and a large population. One of the goals of
the Indonesian state is to promote public welfare. This
goal has consequences in that the government should
continue to strive to improve the implementation of
the development in all fields and all regions in order
to achieve a welfare state.
To develop a prosperous country, the government
has a challenge to face in the next 20 years. The
challenge is to actualize the development mandate
“Indonesia is advanced and independent, fair and
democratic, and secure and united as a Unitary State
of the Republic of Indonesia”. To achieve that, the
national development in the next 20 years is directed
towards the achievement of the main targets of
national development. The main targets of the
development are the establishment of a robust
economic structure where agriculture (in the broad
sense) and mining become the basis of economic
activity that produces modern products efficiently, a
global competitive manufacturing industry becomes
the driving force of the economy, services become
economically resilient, income per capita in 2025 can
reach around US $6000 with relatively good equity
and the number of poor people not more than 5%.
The desire to build a sturdy economic structure
based on competitive advantage in various regions of
Indonesia can be achieved through the creation of a
development strategy. As part of the national
development strategy implemented during the reign
of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, one factor
is the harmony strategy between growth and equity.
This strategy is a correction of the previous
development policy that we know as the Trickle
Down Effect or economic growth that can be enjoyed
by the lower classes through the process of downward
propagation (redistribution). What stands out from
the development strategy of harmony between growth
and equity is the suppression of development through
social engineering techniques, one of which is
realized through empowerment of small industries.
This strategy is to improve and restore the standard of
living of the community including the workforce and
employers. This is as intended in the Law of the
Republic of Indonesia Number 17/2007 which
required not only diverting attention to large industry
or large entrepreneurs but also to protecting the small
industries in the region.
10
Hasanah, L.
The Empowerment of Micro And Small Industry of Wood Lathe By Department of Industry and Commerce.
DOI: 10.5220/0007536700100020
In Proceedings of the 2nd Inter national Conference Postgraduate School (ICPS 2018), pages 10-20
ISBN: 978-989-758-348-3
Copyright
c
2018 by SCITEPRESS Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All r ights reserved
Based on the above provisions, the development
of micro and small industries is very important
because the micro and small industries are carrying
out the mission of equitable distribution to the whole
region. In addition to having high economic value,
micro and small industries and handicrafts are also
familiar with the social and cultural life of people
throughout the region.
Micro and small industry of wood lathe
empowerment involves activities carried out by the
Government of Blitar City in cooperation with the
Department of Industry and Commerce in Tanggung
Village, Blitar, East Java. This is done in order to
actualize the mission of the city of Blitar in the period
2011-2015 "Strengthening the implementation of the
Regional Economy Based on Democracy and Poverty
Alleviation". Blitar city is also famous as the
cemetery of proclaimers RI Ir. Soekarno. This makes
the city of Blitar one of the tourist destinations that
can bring in thousands of tourists both domestically
and internationally every year. It is a potential area
that is able to move the community around the tourist
attraction to introduce local products of wood lathe
handicraft as a souvenir.
The micro and small industries in Blitar city have
a major role in increasing the economic growth of the
people in the city. This is because the industry is able
to absorb a lot of labour and able to survive in a global
crisis situation. The existence of micro and small
industries in the city of Blitar deserves more attention
in its development, relatively and sustainably, in
order to compete in the modern market. So it is
important for us to see the empowerment of micro and
small industries of wood lathe by the Department of
Industry and Commerce in Kepanjenkidul, Tanggung
Village, Blitar, East Java.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Empowerment
Empowerment is etymologically derived from the
word 'power' which means the ability to do something
or the ability to act. Giving it a prefix it becomes
'empowered' which means powerful, capable,
resourceful to overcome something. Giving the prefix
and suffix it becomes 'empowerment' which can be
interpreted as making an effort or a process to make
able, so we can act or do something (Indonesia
Dictionary, 1995).
Implementation of society empowerment is
actually a real effort that concerns all aspects of life
that exist and occur in society. One form of society
empowerment activity is the empowerment of the
micro and small industry sector. According to Oos M.
Anwas (2013: 125-126) the empowerment of small
businesses is not only done for people who already
have a business. Empowerment in this aspect is how
the society is encouraged to be able to develop their
efforts in accordance with their potential. The main
empowerment of small business is how to build
strong human resources. They need to be fostered
from the production process to post-production
properly and efficiently. They need to be encouraged
to create innovative products that are competitive.
The ability to think and behave innovatively is vital.
Other skills and capabilities that are needed by small
business actors are managerial aspects, financial
management, marketing and mutual cooperation.
Small entrepreneurs also need to gain enlightenment
about banks so they can access additional business
capital. This requires continuous training and
mentoring activities. The instructor may involve
relevant agencies in government, business, or
community in the region who have relevant
experience with small business. Small business
empowerment is undertaken to make business actors
able to improve their insight and ability.
Empowerment in Roesmidi and Riza Risyanti
(2006: 2), according to Merriam Webster in the
Oxford English Dictionary has two meanings:
a. To give ability or enable to, which translates as
giving skills or ability to;
b. To give power or authority to, which means giving
power.
To identify the focus and objectives of
empowerment operationally, it is necessary to know
about various indicators of empowerment that can
show if someone is empowered or not. Schuler,
Hashemi and Riley in Suharto (2010: 63) developed
eight indicators, which they called the empowerment
index, namely:
1. Freedom of mobility
2. Ability to buy small commodities
3. Ability to buy large commodities
4. Engage in making household decisions
5. Relative freedom from family domination
6. Legal and political awareness
7. Engagement in campaigns and protests
8. Economic guarantees and contributions to
the family
Mardikanto (2012: 291) suggests several success
indicators used to measure the implementation of
society empowerment programs:
The Empowerment of Micro And Small Industry of Wood Lathe By Department of Industry and Commerce
11
1. The number of citizens who are obviously
interested in being present in every activity.
2. The presence frequency of each citizen in
each activity.
3. The convenience level of program
implementation to obtain citizens'
consideration or approval of the new idea
proposed.
4. Number and type of ideas put forward by the
society that aim at the smooth
implementation of the control program.
5. The amount of funds that can be extracted
from the society to support the
implementation of program activities.
6. The intensity of officer activity in problem
control.
7. The increase of public participation scale
capacity in the health sector.
8. The reduced number of community
suffering from malaria.
9. The increased awareness and response to the
need to improve health life.
10. The increase of public health independence.
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Please follow the instructions closely in order to make
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2.2 Definition of Small and Micro
Business
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are business
activities that are able to expand employment to
provide broad economic services to the community,
and can play a role in the process of equity and
increased community income, encourage economic
growth, and play a role in realizing national stability.
The general condition of SMEs in Indonesia can be
described from the population in 2007, there were
49.8 million business units, which is equal to 99.9%
of the number of business units in Indonesia. Whereas
employment = 88.7 million which is equal to 96.9%
of all Indonesian workers.
Marbun (1996: 49) defines the industry as
follows:
1. Activities to process or repair goods with the
target and equipment on a large scale.
2. Certain business sectors such as petroleum and
industry.
Law No. 20 of 2008 Article 1 concerning Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises states that:
1. Micro business is productive business owned by
an individual or individual business entity
fulfilling the criteria of Micro Business as
arranged in this law.
2. Small business is a productive economic business
conducted by an individual or a business entity
that is not a subsidiary or not a branch of a
company owned or controlled by medium or
large-scale business as referred in this law.
Tambunan (2009: 16) explained that in Law
Number 20 of 2008, the criteria used to define Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises as stated in Article 6
are net asset value or asset value excluding land and
building of business premises or total annual sales.
With this criterion, a micro business is a business unit
with an asset value at most Rp 50,000,000.00 or with
maximum annual sales Rp 300,000,000.00. While the
criteria for small business is a business unit with an
asset value more than Rp 50,000,000.00 up to Rp
500,000,000.00 or having annual sales more than Rp
300,000,000.00 up to Rp 2,500,000,000.00; and
medium-sized businesses are companies with net
asset value more than Rp 500,000,000.00 up to Rp 10
billion or having annual sales more than Rp
2,500,000,000.00 up to Rp 50 billion.
Rahardjo Adisasmita (2010: 134) explained that
the definition of Industry based on the nature of its
processing is divided into three groups, namely:
1. Basic/upstream industries are industries that
process natural resources, until they become semi-
finished goods and finished goods.
2. Small industry is an industry that can have a large
double influence on economic life further.
3. Downstream industry is an industry that processes
raw materials into semi-finished goods into
finished goods.
Furthermore, the understanding of the industry
based on its grouping is divided into two, namely:
1. Industrial locations that blend in, are industrial
locations that blend randomly with other socio-
economic activities in an area/city, they can be in
the form of small industries and downstream
industries.
2. Industrial locations in groups are industrial
locations on a land and a special area provided to
accommodate the development of various types
and quantities of industry (such as industrial
complexes and industrial estates) or specifically
for small industries (e.g. small industrial
environments and small industrial centers.
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2.3 Empowerment Program of Small
and Micro Business
A micro and small business empowerment program is
one form of policy undertaken by the government to
improve the living standards of the society. Public
policy in the definition of Dye is “whatever
governments choose to do or not to do”. From thus
statement, Dye wants to explain that any government
activity either explicit or implicit is a policy
(Indiahono 2009: 17).
According to Indiahono (2009: 31) the
implementation of public policy in accordance with
George C. Edward III mentions that there are four
variables that play an important role in the
achievement of successful implementation. The four
variables are:
a. Communication
Explains that every policy will be well
implemented if there is an effective
communication between program implementer
(policy) and the target. The purpose and targets of
the program/policy can be well socialized so as to
avoid distortion of policies and programs.
b. Resources
Explains that every policy must be supported
by adequate resources, both human and financial
resources. Both must be considered in the
implementation of government programs/policies
because without the reliability of the implementer,
the policy becomes less energetic, is run slowly
and patched-up.
Meanwhile, financial resources ensure the
sustainability of the program/policy. Without
adequate financial support, the program can’t run
effectively and quickly in achieving its goals.
c. Disposition
Describes the characteristics that stick to the
policy/program implementer. Important
characters possessed by the implementer are
honesty, commitment and a democratic approach.
These attitudes will reduce resistance from the
community and foster the trust and concern of the
target group towards the implementation and the
policy program.
d. Bureaucratic Structure
Bureaucratic structure is an important factor
for policy implementation. This aspect includes
two elements, namely mechanism and
organizational structure. Program implementation
mechanisms are usually established through
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) listed in the
program/policy guidelines. A well-made SOP
includes a clear, systematic, non-conspicuous and
easy-to-understand framework for anyone as it
will become a reference in the operation of the
implementer. While the organizational structure
as far as possible avoids the convoluted, long and
complex factors.
The four variables above are contained in the
model built by Edward. These variables are related to
each other in achieving the goals of the
program/policy. Here is the conceptual application of
the Edward III model in the implementation of public
policy:
Table1: Conceptual Application of Edward III Model: Perspective of Policy Model: Perspective of Policy
Aspect
Scope
Communication
a. Who are the implementers and target groups of the program/policy?
b. How effectively is the program/policy socialization implemented?
Method
Communication Intensity
Resources
a. Implementer Ability
Education level
Level of understanding of the targets as well as the application detail
program
Ability to deliver and direct the program
b. Availability of funds
Amount of funds allocated
Predicted strength of funds and the amount of costs for the program
or policy implementation
Disposition
Implementer Character
The Empowerment of Micro And Small Industry of Wood Lathe By Department of Industry and Commerce
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Aspect
Scope
Level of commitment and honesty: can be measured by the level of
consistency between the activities implementation with the guidelines
set. The more suitable means the higher the commitment.
The democratic level can be measured by the intensity of the implementer
in sharing with the target group, finding solutions to problems
encountered and using different discretion from the guidelines to achieve
the program goals.
Bureaucratic Structure
a. SOP availability that is easy to understand
b. Organizational Structure
How wide the range of control is between leader and subordinate
within the organizational structure. The wider means the more
complicated and the slower the response to the progress of the
program.
Source: Indiahono (2009: 31)
As one of the main pillars of the national
economy, SMEs must obtain the ultimate
opportunity, support, protection and development as
widely as possible as a form of firm alignment to the
people's economic business group, which is realized
through the empowerment of SMEs. Empowerment
is an effort made by the Government, Regional
Government, business world, and the community in a
synergistic manner in the form of climate
development and business development towards
SMEs so that they are able to grow and develop into
a resilient and independent business.
The policy of empowering SMEs is included in
Law No. 20/2008 concerning SMEs and President
Regulation No. 5/2010 concerning RPJMN 2010-
2014. Law No. 20/2008 mentioned the principles and
objectives of empowering SMEs.
a. Principles of empowerment of SMEs, including:
(1) growing independence, togetherness and
entrepreneurship of SMEs to work on their own
initiative; (2) the realization of a transparent,
accountable and just public policy; (3)
development of regional potential-based and
market-oriented businesses in accordance with
SME competencies; (4) increasing the
competitiveness of SMEs, and (e) implementing
integrated planning, implementation and control.
b. The purpose of empowering SMEs is to:
1. Realize a balanced, developing and equitable
national economic structure.
2. Grow and develop the ability of SMEs to
become strong and independent businesses.
3. Improve the role of SMEs in regional
development, job creation, income
distribution, economic growth, and poverty
alleviation.
In the framework of empowering SMEs, the
government has issued the partnership policies,
including: PP No. 44/1997 concerning Partnership.
As a follow-up, the government issued the
Presidential Decree No. 127/2001 concerning
Business Fields.
Types that are open to Medium or Large
Enterprises under the terms of partnership.
Furthermore, a technical policy was issued in the
Minister Regulation No. PER-05/MBU/2007
concerning the Partnership Program of BUMN with
Small Businesses and Community Development
Programs.
In empowering SMEs, it is necessary to pay
attention to the problems faced by SMEs themselves.
In the Annex of Perpres No. 5/2010 concerning
RPJMN 2010-2014, in Book II Chapter III it
mentioned the problems of SMEs, including: The
business climate is not yet conducive: cooperatives
and SMEs still face a variety of fundamental
problems in running their business, including the
challenges of competing in a global market. For this
reason, the empowerment of cooperatives and SMEs
still needs to be continued over the next 5 (five) years.
Cooperatives and SMEs in the next 5 years still face
problems related to the unfavorable business climate
as a result of: (1) as yet ineffective coordination and
synchronization of programs and activities for
empowering cooperatives and SMEs, planned and
implemented by various Ministries and institutions;
(2) the existence of high-cost procedures and
administration; (3) limited support for facilities and
infrastructure for the empowerment of cooperatives
and SMEs; and (4) lack of participation of all
stakeholders including the government, non-
governmental organizations, and the community in
empowering cooperatives and SMEs.
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Therefore, the development goals to be achieved
in the next 5 (five) years are:
(1) The implementation of cooperative and SME
empowerment in a national program as a strategic
step in guiding and harmonizing the programs and
activities of Ministries and institutions, as part of
efforts to improve the welfare of the community,
especially those who rely on life from cooperatives
and SME activities; (2) the realization of the
paradigm of empowering cooperatives and SMEs that
are more coordinative, business oriented, and
participatory; (3) the realization of a more efficient
bureaucracy based on meeting the needs of, by and
for local communities; and (4) increasing the role of
community institutions supporting cooperatives and
SMEs.
Problems in product development and marketing:
cooperatives and SMEs still face problems in product
development and marketing. These problems include:
(1) limited access for cooperatives and SMEs to
technology and R&D institutions; (2) lack of
awareness of cooperatives and SMEs concerning the
requirements for quality and product design and
consumer needs; (3) lack of incentives for developing
cooperative and SME supporting institutions; (4) the
partnership principle has not been established in a
single business development structure/strategy that
synergizes in accordance with the value chain; and (5)
there is still a gap in the high growth needs of SMEs
and the availability of resources.
Therefore, the development objectives to be
achieved are (1) the availability of technology and
R&D results that are in accordance with the needs and
scale of cooperatives and SMEs; (2) increasing the
ability of technopreneurship cooperatives and SMEs;
(3) increasing the amount of capacity and reach of
institutions providing business development and
financing services; (4) the development of a strong
partnership-based business network; and (5) the
development of business support institutions that can
facilitate the development of potential and small
business bargaining positions.
c. The low quality of human resources,
characterized by: (a) consideration of the
characteristics of entrepreneurs in the
development of SMEs; (b) the low capacity of
small and medium scale entrepreneurs and
managing cooperatives; (c) The problem of low
motivation and micro entrepreneurial culture in
building trust; and (d) the low level of skill and
capacity of business managers. Therefore, the
development targets to be achieved are: (1) the
functioning of the business culture development
system and entrepreneurial competence in
accordance with the characteristics of
cooperatives and SMEs; (2) increasing technical
competence and management of small and
medium scale entrepreneurs and cooperative
managers, especially in producing quality,
innovative and creative products; and developing
the business of marketing its products; (3)
improving the quality and competency
development system of small and medium scale
businesses and cooperative managers; and (4)
increasing entrepreneurial culture and endurance
of micro-enterprises.
2.4 Wood Lathe Handicraft
Wood lathe handicraft is processed using a wood
lathe machine with raw material in the form of
mahogany wood. Once finished and formed in a
variety of models then this wood lathe will be carved,
decorated and painted in accordance with market
desires. Products of micro and small industry of wood
lathe are
3 METHOD
The method used in this research is an explorative
method with an inductive approach. Explorative
research is a type of research used to search for the
answer why certain events occur (Arikunto, 2010:
14). While the inductive approach begins by
presenting statements that have a unique and limited
scope in arranging the arguments and end with
general statements. In this study the author tries to
describe the actual situation in the field by collecting
data, analysis, and then formulating the conclusions
of the data. Irawan (2011: 34) explained that
exploratory research can be conducted in several
ways, namely a survey of literature, or a survey of
experiences and studies with specific cases. Data
collection is done by interviews, observation and
documentation. In this study, the authors perform data
analysis that has been developed by Miles and
Huberman (in Sugiyono, 2011: 246) using interactive
model analysis through three procedures, namely data
reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and
verification. The location of the research was at the
Department of Industry and Commerce of Blitar City,
East Java, Indonesia.
The Empowerment of Micro And Small Industry of Wood Lathe By Department of Industry and Commerce
15
4 ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT
OF INDUSTRY AND
COMMERCE CONCLUSIONS
Based on the Regional Regulation No. 07/2008 about
Organization and Working Procedures of Blitar City
and Blitar Mayor Regulation Number 46/2008
concerning tupoksi and working procedures, the
Department of Industry and Commerce of Blitar City
is a local government agency headed by the head of
the Industry and Commerce Department who is
responsible to the Mayor through the Regional
Secretary.
The Department of Industry and Commerce is a part
of the government which is also a form of
organization because it has a clear structure and tasks.
In accordance with Law No. 5/1984 about industry,
the role of the Department of Industry and Commerce
is to create a healthy and steady business climate by
providing guidance for small industries. With this
role then every industry needs to be given facilities in
accordance with its role.
The Department of Industry and Commerce of Blitar
City has the main duties in carrying out the task of
decentralization in the field of industry and commerce
involving industry, trade, investment and promotion.
The functions of the Department of Industry and
Commerce of Blitar City are:
1. Formulation of technical policy of program
preparation, controlling, coaching and
supervising in the field of Industry and
Commerce.
2. Implementation of licensing.
3. Implementation of supply, distribution of goods,
services and promotion.
4. Implementation of metrology and consumer
protection.
5. Improvement of local revenue.
6. Preparation of evaluation and reporting.
5 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Small and Medium Industry in Blitar City plays a
major role in increasing the economic growth of the
society. This is because the industry is able to
independently meet the needs of local and regional
markets. In addition, the industry is also able to
absorb a lot of labor, as well as survive in a global
crisis situation. Therefore, the existence of Small and
Medium Industry in Blitar City deserves more
attention in the development as a whole and being
sustainable in order to compete in modern markets.
Guidance and supervision of Micro and Small
Industry can be implemented in accordance with the
realization of the vision and mission of Blitar City.
This can be achieved if it is supported by the role of
National and Regional Government in providing
good facilities and infrastructure.
The micro and small industry of wood lathe in
Tanggung Village has been running slowly since the
1980s. The micro and small industry of wood lathe
has involved many people around Blitar City,
especially in Tanggung Village. The micro and small
industries are more or less accomplished with the help
of various parties. The development of this industry
can generally be described through several aspects,
namely the establishment, the wood lathe processing,
the number of industries, the volume of labor and the
marketing process of micro and small industry of
wood lathe. The micro and small industry of wood
lathe is expected to increase the income of the local
people by absorbing labor from every craftsman in
Tanggung Village. With the guidance and
development conducted on micro and small
industries, it is expected to support the development
carried out in Tanggung Village.
The empowerment of micro and small industry wood
lathe conducted by the Department of Industry and
Commerce of Blitar City is related to several aspects,
namely resources, communication, public response
and institutional factors. Here are the research results
about the development of these four aspects:
1. Resources
Implementation of empowerment of micro and
small industry wood lathe by the Department of
Industry and Commerce of Blitar City certainly
needs funding and human resources who are
experts in the industrial field. For industrial
empowerment and implementation by industrial
sector, the budget is Rp 700,000,000.00 (seven
hundred million rupiahs) per year used for the
provision of education, training and coaching to
industry owners. In addition to training and
coaching, the fund is also used to provide
equipment supporting industrial production. The
equipment and production machinery
accommodation is directed to the owners of micro
and small industries and as the initial capital of
industry for people who are willing to start in the
wood lathe business.
Furthermore, the competent human resources in
the industry field at the Department of Industry
and Commerce of Blitar City are still very limited.
In the field of industry there are only seven civil
servants, and there is only one who forms the
technical personnel in the field of industry who
ICPS 2018 - 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School
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acts as an empowerment assistance. Therefore,
until now it still needed industrial technical
personnel to launch and facilitate the
implementation of all programs and activities in
the field of industry.
2. Communication
Communication in the implementation of
industrial empowerment can be provided by
socialization through talk shows, seminars, and
training for industry owners. Through the
socialization, seminars, talk shows and training
for the community and the owners of micro and
small industries of wood lathe it is expected to
make the community more empowered and have
skills in producing wood lathe.
Implementation of training activities is basically
an effort to improve the knowledge, skills,
attitudes and behavior of the community of micro
and small industry entrepreneurs. This activity is
intended for them to act dynamically, creatively,
productively and efficiently in processing and
developing their business so they can utilize every
opportunity available in order to improve welfare.
To develop wood lathe craft several steps have
been taken as follows:
(1) Provide counseling to business units through
regular meetings with topics about production,
quality, marketing and so on.
(2) Provide financial administration guidance and
practical bookkeeping techniques.
(3) Provide support to the owners of business
units to innovate, create and improvise in
producing new types of products so the businesses
can be further developed.
(4) Build networks with the potential buyers.
(5) Offering guidance to the center of the wood
lathe industry.
Based on an interview with the Head of Industry
and Commerce Department of Blitar City on
February 18, 2014, it is known that:
"Technical training and development of micro and
small industry of wood lathe conducted by the
Department of Industry and Commerce of Blitar
City comprise training of wood lathe production
aimed to improve the product quality and the
creativity of wood lathe craftsmen. Furthermore
there is a wood batik training where the coach is a
wood batik craftsman from Krebet village,
Bantul, Jogjakarta. In addition, there is a painting
training with instructors from the Prophan Paint
Company Sidoarjo. A comparative study was
conducted in Cipacing, Sumedang, West Java to
study and to see the products of wood lathe and
for comparison with the products produced in
Blitar."
Technical training and coaching activities that
have been done can provide benefits to the
development of micro and small industries of
wood lathe such as follows:
(1) The development of micro and small
industries of wood lathe from a total of 50
business units in 1997 up to 120 business units in
2013.
(2) The absorption of labor up to 414 people in the
year 2013 and even more now that every
household in Tanggung Village has become a
wood lathe craftsman.
(3) The sales turnover of wood lathe production
also increased from 108,100 in 2011 to 163,000 in
2013.
3. Public Response
The public response in Tanggung Village to the
empowerment activities undertaken by the
Department of Industry and Commerce of Blitar
City is very great. They received well all the
directions, guidance, education and training
provided by the Department of Industry and
Commerce of Blitar City. However, there are still
some elements that need to be changed by the
community and the owners of the micro and small
industries of wood lathe. It is in their mindset that
they still think pragmatically and traditionally in
running their production. This is evident from the
lack of variety in wood lathe products. This is
because the craftsmen are only fixated on one type
of goods without trying to be creative in
producing other goods that are more attractive to
the consumers.
4. Institutional
Blitar City Government together with the
Department of Industry and Commerce of Blitar
City launched the One Village One Product
(OVOP) program where one area is involved with
one type of goods or production. This activity
aims to improve the society welfare. The concept
of OVOP is a regional revitalization movement to
develop original products of the region in order to
be able to compete in a global market. The product
can be a superior product of a region or a product
that is a characteristic of local culture.
The OVOP program in Blitar City was held
through the inauguration of Tanggung Village as a
"Tourism Village" in 2005 which was triggered by
Blitar Mayor in the period 2004-2009. However, this
has not been significantly implemented in improving
The Empowerment of Micro And Small Industry of Wood Lathe By Department of Industry and Commerce
17
the development of micro and small industry of wood
lathe in Tanggung Village. This is because the
capacity and capability of human resources in the
micro and small industries of wood lathe is still not
good enough. In addition, the facilities and
infrastructure supporting this village are also not well
organized, for example the unavailability of outbound
locations and homestay for the visitors.
The readiness of supporting technology also
hasn’t spread evenly yet among some micro and small
industry craftsmen in Tanggung Village. The wood
lathe craftsmen are still not ready when visited by
tourists, so it needs a continuous synergy between
government and business actors in preparing this
tourism village in Blitar City. The government is
expected to be able to encourage the movement and
development of micro and small business sectors with
the distribution of technology as well as sustaining
aspects of product promotion.
Starting in 2011, the implementation of micro and
small industry’s empowerment in Tanggung Village
is collaborated with the PNPM Tourism program
which aims to revive and develop the tourism village
in Tanggung Village which had been dead and
undeveloped before. In this case there is a
coordination between the community of Tanggung
Village, Department of Cooperatives and SMEs
Regional, Department of Communication,
Informatics and Tourism Regional, and the
Department of Industry and Commerce of Blitar City
in preparing everything needed to develop the tourism
village again. Among them is the preparation of
educational tour packages, outbound locations and
homestay around Tanggung Village for the tourists
who want to visit the city of Blitar. In addition, they
also prepare the mental readiness of the community
in Tanggung Village in running the tourism village.
Currently the Tanggung Village Tourism Village has
become a member of the East Java Tourism Village
Association (ASIDEWI).
With the program conducted by the Department of
Industry and Commerce it can help the owners of
industry and the craftsmen in improving the
production quality of micro and small industries of
wood lathe in Tanggung Village.
5.1 Empowerment of Micro and Small
Industry Wood Lathe
The implementation of micro and small industry
empowerment of wood lathes in Tanggung Village by
the Department of Industry and Commerce of Blitar
City consists of four aspects:
1. Capital
The main problem most often faced by micro and
small industry entrepreneurs in wood lathe in general
is the lack of capital to develop a business. The
majority of micro and small-scale industrial
entrepreneurs in the Tanggung village use their own
capital to maintain and run the production process.
The capital factor is a determining element for the
success, continuation, and development of a business.
Without the availability of sufficient capital, any
effort will obviously not work well in accordance
with the objectives expected and will not go
according to what was planned together. However, at
present most of the micro and small industry
craftsmen in wood lathe have difficulty in obtaining
loans or soft loans from banks to develop and improve
their businesses, because they are not able to pay the
amount of collateral or bank loans in the form of cars
or land and building certificates.
The regional government cooperates with SMEs
in providing soft credit for micro and small industry
owners, but many soft credit funds such as these are
misused for purposes beyond the management of their
industries. Then there are many micro and small
industry owners who claim lack of capital but the
reality differs. Therefore, at this time if you are going
to borrow money or ask for soft loans for capital
purposes, you must include the industrial
administration data or the industry's financial
bookkeeping. If there is no accounting evidence, the
loan application is not accepted. Due to these
provisions, many SME owners submit training on
production management and financial management at
the Regional Office of Industry and Trade in the City
of Blitar.
2. Materials
Regarding raw material assistance, the Office of
Industry and Trade does not provide raw material
assistance directly but acts only as a facilitator or
becomes a bridge with the Blitar City Forestry
Service in facilitating the craftsmen to bring in raw
materials from outside the Blitar City area. If there is
already a letter of recommendation or permit from the
Forestry Office, it is expected that when bringing in
the amount of mahogany wood which is not small in
number, it is not suspected as an element of illegal
logging.
The availability of raw materials for the
implementation of production will be a driving factor
for the development of micro and small industries.
Raw materials are very important components in the
production process of an item, as without the
availability of sufficient raw materials, the production
process will be hampered. The main raw material in
making this wood lathe is mahogany. The availability
ICPS 2018 - 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School
18
of mahogany in the area of Blitar City is not sufficient
for the needs of woodworking industry workers, so
they must procure raw materials from other areas
around Blitar City such as Blitar, Malang,
Tulungagung, Kediri, Nganjuk and Trenggalek.
3. Marketing
In terms of marketing, The Department of
Industry and Commerce of Blitar City only acts as a
facilitator, because consumers can directly obtain
wood lathes at the location of their own industrial
centers. The Department of Industry and Commerce
of Blitar City only helps find and build business
partners for SMEs using wood lathes. Furthermore, to
further expand the area of marketing of wood lathes,
the wood lathe was introduced by participating in
exhibitions and expos aimed at growing the structure
of the national business world that was more robust
and efficient so that it could master and develop the
domestic market while increasing global
competitiveness.
In addition, currently The Department of Industry
and Commerce of Blitar City has collaborated with
Telkom in running the e-Toko program. This e-shop
program is like an online shop that sells goods or
products from SMEs throughout Blitar City including
this wood lathe industry. With the existence of this e-
Toko, the craftsmen find it easier to promote their
industrial products outside the Blitar City area.
4. Production Engineering
The efforts of the local government of Blitar City
in empowering SMEs in the industries of wood lathe
through the Department of Industry and Commerce of
Blitar City in addition to providing education,
training and coaching also provided production
technology assistance in the form of wood lathes and
equipment to the owners of SMEs in the industries of
wood lathe and Blitar City community as initial
capital in starting a business to become a wood lathe
craftsman. In addition to wood lathes and equipment,
the Industry and Trade Office also provides assistance
in the form of equipment to design wood lathe
products, including equipment for making carvings
and designing carving as well as materials for
painting.
Then the Department of Industry and Commerce
of Blitar City also carried out management guidance
for the owners of micro and small industries of wood
lathes:
a. Production Management
Supervising / sorting / grading raw
materials
Supervising product quality
Prioritizing the results of products that are
in accordance with marketing standards
Producing according to consumer tastes
b. Financial Management
Perform efficient and effective operations of
activities
Perform practical bookkeeping
Record every transaction that occurs at any
time and report every month to see the
development of the industry
c. Marketing Management
Work on potential markets for product
marketing
Maintain chief relations/good relations with
marketing channels
Maintain consistency in the quality of goods
or the quality of goods from producers to
consumers
Creating marketing networks both within
Indonesia and abroad
5.2 Constraining Factors
The problems occurred even though the wood lathe
craftsmen and the community were given various
training that was useful to improve the quality and
quantity of production; their mindset is still pragmatic
and they do not want to change. They still think
traditionally and do not want to go forward. For
example, there is a small and micro industry owner
who makes “yo-yos”. From the beginning until now
he just made yo-yos and does not want to switch to
other goods such as making tambourines or kendangs
as the selling price is higher and generates more
profit. Many craftsmen only accept their
circumstances without considering the greater things.
This is what the Department of Industry and
Commerce of Blitar City will attempt to change.
The Head of the Department of Industry and
Commerce in Blitar City also explained that in the
implementation of technical training and coaching,
there are some obstacles faced. The obstacles are the
lack of trainers or experts in the implementation of
technical training and coaching or we can say that the
trainers still lack in quality and quantity so it is still
less convenient in dealing with the proper needs.
Furthermore, the participants themselves are still less
responsive and less persevering when they are given
training. They consider themselves already capable
with such training. The last obstacle is the
characteristic of the raw material of wood lathe
(mahogany) that cannot be painted (batik). This is
known only after being practised by wood lathe
craftsmen when designing the wood lathe products.
So the batik training of wood lathe felt less efficient.
The Empowerment of Micro And Small Industry of Wood Lathe By Department of Industry and Commerce
19
Another problem is related to the production
management, especially financial management. The
owners of micro and small industries today still don’t
have good financial management. They still don’t
have a bookkeeping system in their production
activities so they only measure their profits through
items they can buy like a new car or a bigger house.
Those who have financial bookkeeping of production
are only the owners of large industries of wood lathe.
In fact there has been training about wood lathe
production goods, how to design and the production
management training, especially financial
management. But it’s still poorly absorbed by the
owners of micro and small industries of wood lathe.
5 CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the discussion in the previous section, it can
be concluded that the empowerment facilitated by the
Department of Industry and Commerce for micro and
small industries in Tanggung Village has grown quite
well. This is indicated by the increase in production,
sales turnover, innovation and creativity of craftsmen,
income and living standards of the community in
Tanggung Village. Moreover, Village Tourism of
Tanggung Village also began to grow.
Factors inhibiting the empowerment of micro and
small industries of wood lathe are:
1. Human resource factors i.e. the lack of
competent technical personnel.
2. Communication factors i.e. number of
trainers that are still lacking.
3. Community response factors i.e. (a) the
mindset of the craftsmen and community
who are still pragmatic; (b) the lack of
innovation and creativity of craftsmen.
4. Institutional factors i.e. Village Tourism of
Tanggung Village that has not run in
accordance with the planning.
Therefore, it is expected that the Department of
Industry and Commerce can increase the number of
competent human resources in the field of industry so
the industrial activities can grow more efficiently; it
is also suggested that the Department of Industry and
Commerce conduct an annual evaluation related to
the empowerment activities of micro and small
industries of wood lathe based on indicators of
empowerment by the government and the
community.
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