Profile of the Growth and Development of Children Ages Toddler in
Bulak Kenjeran Surabaya
Dwi Ernawati
1
, Abdul Fauzi
2
, M. Hendri Haryono
2
, Dady Zharfan Hanif
2
,
Primalova Septiavy Estiadewi
2
1
STIKES Hang Tuah, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
Keywords: Growth, Development, Children, Toddlers.
Abstract: Background: Growth and development are things that will continue to occur continuously of a human being.
The important period in the process of child development is the toddler age, because this period occur the
process of growth and development that affect and determine the further growth and development. The
efforts of improving growth and development of children is by maximizing the role of parents and family in
the providing the nutrition and stimulation according to the age of the child. This research aim is to
determine the description of the growth and development of children ages toddler. Method:This research is
a cross-sectional design on 176 toddler in Kenjeran, Bulak, Surabaya. Instruments on the research using
Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) and measurements of height and weight toddlers. Result:
Factors that influence the growth and development of toddlers in Kenjeran are intake of nutrients, social,
economic and environmental conditions. The results show that 60.2% growth in toddlers is good and 63.1%
development in toddler is nornal. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the toddlers in Kenjeran have
normal growth and development.
1 BACKGROUND
Growth and development is going to continue to
occur on an ongoing basis over the life of a human
being. Grow is an absolute size (absolute value).
Setiawan (2014) development (development) is the
increasing ability (skill) in the structure and function
of the parts of the body that are more complex in a
regular pattern as a result of the maturation process.
Growth and development of children in the coastal
areas ranged from less weight and less
developmental delay in four aspects, namely
personal social, language, motor skills and fine
motor. Initial survey results in one of the villages in
the region of posyandu Kenjeran obtained 6 toddler
with less weight and 5 toddler age average 3 years
not fluently communicate with the articulation of a
word is not clear.
According WHO (2015) number incidence of
disorders of growth and development in children
ages toddler still very high especially in the motor
development disorders obtained (27.5%) or 3 million
severely interruption. National data according to
Kementrian Kesehatan (2015), 11.5% data obtained
as a toddler in Indonesia are experiencing growth
and development abnormalities. An examination of
the growing swell detection toddlers and preschool
age children a number of 3,657,353 children who are
having problems the delay grew swell in East Java in
2010 of 2,321,542 (63.48%) tend to decline
compared to the year 2009 amounted to 64.03% and
still below the target of 80% (Dinas Kesehatan Kota
Surabaya 2015; Kementrian Kesehatan 2016).
Growth is an anabolic process, i.e., the increase
of the number of cells of the human body in a
dimension level that can be measured as length,
weight, mandible teeth and growth of metabolic
processes (Ranuh 2013). The development is the
increasing capabilities in the structure and function
of the body's complex in a regular pattern and can be
foretold, as a result of the process maturity (Adriani,
Merryana., Wirjatmadi 2014). According to Sher-
censor, Shulman, and Cohen (2018) is important in
the period of growing flower children is infancy,
because during this period the growth fundamentals
will influence and determine the next child's
development so that the required stimulation or the
452
Ernawati, D., Fauzi, A., Haryono, M., Hanif, D. and Estiadewi, P.
Profile of the Growth and Development of Children Ages Toddler in Bulak Kenjeran Surabaya.
DOI: 10.5220/0008326704520457
In Proceedings of the 9th International Nursing Conference (INC 2018), pages 452-457
ISBN: 978-989-758-336-0
Copyright
c
2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
stimulation that is useful so that the potential
developing. According to (Soetjiningsih and Ranuh
IG. N. Gde 2015) some of the factors that can
influence the growth and development of children
such as genetic, nutritional status, parental
education, stimulation, the income of parents and
peers. Parental education is an important factor for
growing flower children because with a good
education, parents can receive all the information
from the outside especially on how childcare is
good, the granting of early stimulation how keep
your child's health.
Moral development and the basics of personality
also formed in infancy, so the lack of stimulation
can cause deviations of growing flower child even
disorders that settled and any abnormalities or the
slightest deviation when not detected, let alone not
handled properly will will result in the occurrence of
developmental disorder motor skills, language,
emotions and behaviour (Mortensen dan Barnett
2017). Measuring instrument frequently used in
Anthropometry is by growth and developmental
screening child toddler is DDST (Denver
Development Screening Test). Assessment of the
DDST include an assessment of child development
in the four factors, including assessment of personal
social, fine motor, language and motor
skills(Celikkiran, 2015).
Efforts to improve the growth and development
of children is by maximizing the role of parents and
family in the awarding of the nutrition and
stimulation as well as the implementation of early
detection of child development according his age. At
this stage the role of the parent is very needed
ranging from the provision of a balanced nutrition
according the age of the child, and the parent can
train the child to integrate the multiple social roles
and responsibilities as well as provide an
opportunity to the children to achieve specific
capabilities that can he had learned, such as talking,
walking, eating and drinking on its own as well as
play or activity in a group.
Based on the background of the problem of child
growth and development of the coastal area in the
toddler then needs to do research on the description
of knowledge and the development of children ages
toddler Kenjeran Village in Kecamatan Surabaya
Bulak ".
2 METHODS
This research is descriptive research and conducted
in June 2017. The purpose of the study is to describe
the growth and development of toddlers in Kenjeran
Surabaya. The population in this research is children
aged 0-5 years. Pengamblan sample using simple
random sampling and the number of samples
obtained as much as 167 respondents. Toddler
growth recorded gauge uses the width of the
observation that contains about weight, height. The
development was measured using the DDST in
accordance with the age group of respondents.
3 RESULTS
The population in this study are toddlers and their
parents who live and are registered at the
posyanduKenjeran Village that is as much as 315
fives and sample as many as 176 toddlers. The
number of child-sex toddler boys as much as 95
children (54%) and older women-sex toddler 81
children (46%). Categories include age i.e. children
aged toddler (1-3) as much as 123 kid (69.9%). Age
of infant amounted to 31 (17.6%). Preschool age
amounted to 22 children (12.5%).
Demographic data in Kenjeran parents include
the age of the parents, occupation, amount of
income, number of children, a source of information,
education and the stimulus of parents against his
son. The spread of the age of the elderly in the
village of them namely Kenjeran with age 26-35
years as many as 83 people (47.2%), 20-26 years as
many as 40 people (22.7%) and more than 35 years
as many as 36 people (20.5%) as well as the age of
less than 20 years of as many as 17 people (9.7%).
Most of the parents were on work not working as
many as 72 people (40.9%), parents of private
employment status or self employed as many as 65
people (36.9%), parents employment status labour as
many as 33 people (18.8%), parents with the status
the work of the civil employed as much as 3 people
(1.7%) and the least is parents employment status as
fishermen as much as 3 people (1.7%).
Parents who have toddlers in Kenjeran majority
earn between Rp. 1,000,000 – Rp 2 million per
month as many as 68 people (38.6%), Rp. 500,000 –
1 million rupiah as many as 56 people (31.8%), Rp 2
million by as much as 45 > people (25.6%) and Rp.
<500.000 as 7 people (4,0%). Most parents have a
number of children in a family of 3 children namely
> as much as 79 families (44.9%), 2 children as
many as 72 families (40.9%) and 1 child as much as
25 family (14.2%). Parents with toddlers inKenjeran,
mostly parents with resource information from
television that is as much as 132 parents (75.0%),
newspaper or magazine as much as 27 older people
Profile of the Growth and Development of Children Ages Toddler in Bulak Kenjeran Surabaya
453
(25.3%) and information resources of the internet as
many as 17 people (9.7%). Most of the educated
middle (SMA/SMK) i.e. as many as 83 people
(47.2%), primary education as much as 82 people
(46.6%) with details of as many as 21 (11.9%)
parents educated primary school (elementary school)
and 61 parents (34.7%) of high school educated the
first (JUNIOR) college education while as many as
11 elderly people (6.2%).
Based on table 2 growth of most toddler found
with good growth as much as 106 (60.2%) of
respondents, less growth by as much as 31 (17.6%),
poor growth by as much as 23 (13%) of the
respondents and the rest more growth by as much as
16 (9%) respondents.
Most of the growth in the region of kenjeran
toddler in influence by several factors such as
nutritional intake, socioeconomic and environmental
conditions. Availability of time mother to stimulate
the growth of the child is also in influence by the
availability of time with his son's mother. The daily
mom as a housewife with a good toddler growth as
much as 118 respondents (67.9%) and 2 respondents
(100%) of the college educated. As for the mothers
be an entrepreneur brings about bad toddler growth
by as much as 5 respondents (10.5%).
Child development toddlers in Kenjeran on table
3 obtained data child development toddlers normally
as much as 111 children (63.1%), development of
warning as many as 43 children (24.4%),
developmental lags as much as 12 people (6.8%),
development a total of 10 people (5.7%) and
development of no chance as much as 0 (0%).
4 DISCUSSION
The quality of the service of the mother in the family
are determined by the mastery of information and
the availability of sufficient time. Both of these
factors, among others, the determinant factors can be
determined with the level of education, social
interaction and work (Pahlevi 2012). In addition, the
higher a person's level of education, the more
Table 1: Characteristics of respondents.
Characteristics of
Respondents
Frequency
Percentage
(%)
Gender
Male
Woman
95
81
54
46
The age of the child
Baby (0-12)
Toddler (1-3 years)
Pre school
(
3-5
y
ears
)
31
123
22
17,6
69,9
12,5
The age of parents
< 20 year
20-25 year
26-35 year
>35 yea
r
17
40
83
36
9,7
22,7
47,2
20,5
The job of parents
Do not work
Labour
Self employed
Civil employed
Fisherman
Retire
d
72
33
65
3
3
0
40,9
18,8
36,9
1,7
1,7
0
Income of parents
Rp. < 500.000
Rp. 500.000–1.000.000
Rp. 1.000.000–
2.000.000
Rp. > 2.000.000
7
56
68
45
4,0
31,8
38,6
25,6
The number of children
in the family
1
2
>3
25
72
79
14,2
40,9
44,9
Source of information
TV
Newspaper/Magazine
Internet
132
27
17
75,0
15,3
9,7
Education of parents
Elementary school (SD
dan SMP)
Junior high school
College
82
83
11
46,6
47,2
6,2
Stimulation of the
elderly
Never
Rare
Sometimes
Often
Every often
16
40
67
47
6
9,1
22,7
38,1
26,7
3,4
Table 2: Growth characteristics of children in the
village of Surabaya.
Growth Frequency
Percentage (%)
B
a
d
ess
Goo
d
M
ore
23
31
106
16
13
17,6
60,2
9
Table 3: The characteristics of child development
toddlers Kenjeran Village in Surabaya.
Development Frequency
Percentage (%)
No chance
Delay
Warning
Normal
More
0
12
43
111
10
0
6,8
24,3
63,1
5,7
INC 2018 - The 9th International Nursing Conference: Nurses at The Forefront Transforming Care, Science and Research
454
receptive to information, so many knowledge
possessed (Landers et al. 2018).
The higher the frequency of interactions of
mothers on toddlers, then the higher the care that
was provided to support the growing swell toddlers.
High education can also improve the quality of
flower growing toddlers, because mothers find it
easier to get information related treatments and
nutritional fulfilment on her son. However, working
mothers will reduce interaction with his son and his
son's growth less so nutritional deficiencies against
the toddlers. The lack of nutrients needed by this
toddler, due to being too busy parents against his
work so that the decrease in attention to his son.
The results showed the mother who finished
education SLTA obtained bad growing toddler 4
respondents (7.1%). A variety of factors that affect
nutritional status on the toddler, among others, the
lack of food supplies, the less good the quality of the
environment, socio-economic conditions (income,
level of education, and employment) and the family
culture such as family, parenting as well as
knowledge (Ony Linda 2011). Nutritional status
with burukyang growth experienced by this toddler,
not only because education on parenting but happens
because there are other founders of the values that
are in the personal religious beliefs by the main
coastal communities that the main job of the
fishermen that the food a member of the family is
eating at the remainder of unsold fish and on the
products, so as to save expenditure on the family,
because the money can be used for additional tuition
fees and more expensive.
Research results in the category of family
income of Rp. 2,000,000-3,500,000 obtained bad
toddler growth by as much as 4 respondents (6.8%).
Any increase in income generally have a direct
impact on the nutritional status of the population
(Pahlevi 2012). Poor growth in toddlers is not an
influence of the level of family income per month.
Poor growth that occurs in this toddler can be
affected by several factors, one being the factor of
environmental sanitation. The cleanliness of the
environment less affect on food hygiene, especially
in management, so that it becomes the source of the
originator for the onset of growth in toddlers is bad.
Neighbourhood toddlers in the coastal areas with
dense population as well as access to clean water is
lacking, resulting in the mother's difficulty also
applies the clean and healthy lifestyles in the rearing
of their toddlers.
The results showed that 16 people are toddlers
experiencing growth in more categories. A mother
who has a knowledge attitude and less nutrients will
be very effect on nutritional status balitanya and will
be difficult to choose nutritious foods for her son
and his family (Julita 2011). The research of the
knowledge of good mother with a toddler growth
more 2 respondents (5.7%). The quality of the
growing swell toddlers are very determined by the
fulfilment of nutrients, because that mother needs to
observe the toddler food consumption as required
should be based on a balanced diet with nutrition
(Julita 2011).
The low nutritional knowledge could hamper
efforts repair good nutrition on a family and
community conscious nutrition means not only
knowing nutrition but must know and want to do.
The addition of knowledge in communities through
a variety of outreach activities and the like, basically
a business improvement using how to educate the
public so that it can address the problem of its
nutrition value (Pahlevi 2012). Besides the factor of
knowledge concerning maternal nutrition is also one
of the most influential factors are active in fulfilment
of nutrition. Knowledge of maternal role in the
fulfillment and the selection of nutritious meals for
toddlers, so as to achieve maximum growth for
toddlers.
The results of this study showed that 72.7% of
parents with the education of the College had a
normal child development, this figure is much
higher than the development of the child from the
parents who educated middle and Basic Research
(Azizah 2012) stated that mothers with a college
education have a higher knowledge about the
stimulation of child development.
Children who are experiencing growth in limit
warning, 37.5% never get stimulation from his
parents. Factors affecting the parents in providing
stimulation such as parents age, education,
occupation, length of time to interact with the
children and the parents ' income(Azizah 2012).
Parents often provide stimulation to the child as
much as 47 parents (26.7%), based on the
demographics of the work parents with parents
obtained data stimulation as much as working
parents 29. According to Santi at al (2012) stated
that working mothers have less time to interact with
children tend to be less so little time to provide the
stimulation of development of the child.
Most of the parents in the neighbourhood
frequently give Kenjeran stimulation are the parents
who work. This is not in accordance with the results
of previous research because parents in Kenjeran
working mostly worked as a self-employed at home
so it still allows parents in optimizing stimulation of
granting to the child, In addition to the things that
Profile of the Growth and Development of Children Ages Toddler in Bulak Kenjeran Surabaya
455
became determinant of the success of the stimulation
of the parents is not the length of time the mother to
interact with the children, but what about the ability
of the mother to take advantage of the time have in
interacting with the child to provide stimulation of
the development.
Parents who rarely provide stimulation to the
child as much as 40 (22.7%) parents, based on the
income of the parents and the parents obtained data
stimulation that 9 parents earn Rp 2 million > rarely
provide stimulation to the child. This is not in
accordance with the research Azizah (2012) that
parents are more likely to be high income earners
can meet gaming device for balitanya as a form of
work done the mother to be able to pay attention to
the fulfillment of the means in provide stimulation. S
Nofianti (2012) stated that younger mothers are
usually higher it against the growing swell of her son
and has a curiosity that is bigger because it is still
lack of experience in raising children.
Education and stimulation also became factors
that affect perkembanngan toddlers who delay or
developmental delay. Research data show that 100%
of educated parents who have a child in College
advanced and normal development. While child
development (delay) and the category warning
(warning) had a parent with primary and secondary
education. Children who experience delays also
rarely never even in the stimulation by parents in the
stages of growing important role optimally.
Toddlers in Kenjeran experience development
(advanced) a total of 10 people (5.7%). education
and the stimulation of a parent is one of the
determinants of the success of the development of
the child. Education has a very decisive role for the
development of the child. The influential parent
education in educating children in order to achieve
the expected goal, namely, to accompany a child on
the stage of development of the appropriate age and
added the duties of its development as a whole and
optimal. Education will influence the mindset and
decision making in educating and giving stimulation
to the child. Most toddlers at Kenjeran with parents
educated College showed its development in the
category advanced with 50% getting the stimulation
of very often.
5 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of research on the 176
respondents toddlers and parents in Kenjeran can be
concluded that most of the growth is good and most
bear toddler development of toddlers in the normal
category. Growth and development of toddlers
affected by various factors of the elderly including
level of education and knowledge, social work,
economics, information source, and frequency of
interaction and stimulus of parents towards their
children.
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