Moeloek Lampung and got prevalence rate 38,24%
(Mahmudah R, 2013). This relatively high
prevalence of multiresistant bacterial conditions is
one of particular concern as the choice of antibiotics
therapy becomes more difficult. The drug of choice
for the treatment of MRSA infections is
vancomycin, but since 1996 MRSA has found a
decreased sensitivity to vancomycin (Yuwono,
2010). Even in 2002, clinicians in the United States
found a strain of MRSA that was resistant to
vancomycin (although the numbers were few)
(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, 2008).
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a
dicotyl plant with woody stems that are native to
India, Malaysia and Bangladesh, but can also grow
well in other tropical-subtropical regions including
Indonesia (Manuel NV et al, 2012; Orwa et al,
2009). In addition to fruit, seeds, or young flowers
are useful as a source of food, other jackfruit plant
parts are also empirically often used as drugs.
Jackfruit root is used to treat skin diseases, asthma,
fever, and diarrhea. Jackfruit leaf is believed to cure
ulcers. Jackfruit sap is believed to cure abscesses,
snake bites, and swollen glands. While the seeds,
often used to cure gall disease (National Tropical
Botanical Garden, 2015).
Several studies have been conducted to prove the
usefulness of jackfruit plants in the medical field.
Jha and Srivastava in his study found that jackfruit
seed oil could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus
aureus bacteria with minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MIC) between 1.55-5.20 mg / ml
(Jha S et al, 2013). Other studies have also shown
the presence of antibacterial activity from jackfruit
extracts to MSSA and MRSA played by the
substance artocarpesin (Manuel NV et al., 2012).
Silver nanoparticles synthesized from jackfruit leaf
extracts have antibacterial activity against
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus
subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Pichia pastoris
(Thombre R et al, 2012). Testing of jackfruit leaf
extracts on MRSA has not been found.
In this study we investigate the ability of jackfruit
leaf extracts to inhibit MRSA growth by
determining its MIC (minimal inhibitory
concentration) and MBC (minimal bactericidal
concentration).
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Preparation of Extracts and MRSA
Bacteria
The extract was obtained from Indonesian Institute
of Sciences (LIPI) diluted in DMSO (Dimethyl
sulfoxide). MRSA bacteria originating from the
Microbiology Department Universitas Indonesia
culture collection which is stock in cryotube beads
and re-growth on blood agar followed by incubation
at 37
o
C for 18-24 hours. The growing bacteria were
identified with Gram staining and biochemical tests
using commercial products (Vitex).
2.2. Preparation of Antibiotic and
Jackfruit Leaf Extract Stock
Solutions
The vancomycin in powder form was diluted in
(Brain Heart Infusion) media to reach concentration
of 256 μg/ml. Meanwhile, Jackfruit leaf extract was
also diluted 10 times higher than vancomycin
concentration (2560 μg/ml).
2.2 Dilution of Antibiotic and Jackfruit
Leaf Extract
Serial dilution of stock solution of antibiotics and
Jackfruit leaf extract were done using BHI media
until concentration of 0,25 μg/ml antbiotics and 2,5
μg/ml Jackfruit leaf extract were reached.
2.3 Determination of MIC (Minimum
Inhibitory Concentration)
Suspension of 0,5 McFarland value of MRSA
bacteria is inserted into each tube of BHI media
containing serial antibiotic and Jackfruit leaf extract
solution followed by incubation at 35°C-37°C for 24
hours. After that, an inspection was done on each
tube to assess the growth of bacteria characterized
by turbidity in the fluid in the tube. MIC value
defiened as the smallest extract concentration that
inhibits MRSA growth in BHI media.
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