Analysis of Albumin Levels in Farmed Sidat Fish (Anguilla

marmorata) and Natural Breed Toman Fish (Channa micropeltes)

Hari Santoso

Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Unisma

Keywords: Albumin, Anguilla marmorata, Channa micropeltes.

Abstract: Sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata)) is one of consumed fish species with relatively high nutrition contents,

vitamins, micronutrients and albumin. Similarly, albumin is found in toman fish (Channa micropeltes) which

is of the same family as gabus fish (Channa striata). In this research, sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata) is

obtained from fish farms in Lamongan while toman fish (Channa micropeltes) is naturally obtained from

Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan where the two fishes have high albumin content. The investigation is aimed

at analysing the albumin level in sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata) found from fish farms and toman fish

(Channa micropeltes) found naturally in swamps. The samples used for sidat fish and toman fish had

average weight of 250 and 230-250grams respectively. Using unpaired T-test from SPSS 23, the data

analyses showed the average albumin level in sidat fish and toman fish is 𝑋

= 13,2025 and 𝑋

= 10,807

respectively. This means that there is a significantly high difference in the albumin level found between sidat

fish (Anguilla marmorata) and toman fish (Channa micropeltes).

1 INTRODUCTION

Fish is one of the most abundant food sources

beneficial for its protein content and medicinal

purposes. Protein has specific function in terms of

building and maintaining cellular tissues inside our

body which cannot be replaced by other nutrients

(Almatsier, 2004). As energy source, protein is

needed at appropriate amount so that balanced

nutrient intake can be achieved as well (Astawan,

2007).

In the first place, naturally-occurring protein,

also known as native protein, can undergo changes

due to heating process (denaturation). This happens

as a result of the degradation of chemical bonds in

its tertiary structure and secondary molecules, which

in turn allows protein to be more easily digested by

hydrolytic enzymes during metabolism process

inside the digestive system (Lean & Michasel,

2013).

There are a number of globular proteins

present inside our body, such as albumin, globulin,

histone, and protamine (Anna, 2007). Albumin is a

water-soluble protein and coagulates by heat. It is

the most abundant protein inside blood plasma at

about 60% of the total plasma volume at 4.5 g/dL.

Albumin functions to maintain plasma osmotic

pressure and to transport small molecules through

plasma as well as other extracellular fluids

(Montgomery, 1993).

Other than that, albumin regulates

intravascular colloid osmotic movement, eases the

movement of internal body fluid and facilitates

transport of nutrients inside the body. In a typical

human body, alongside other proteins, albumin is

synthesised by liver tissue at ± 100-200 µg/g per day

(Suprayitno, 2003). Inside human body, albumin has

important role during post-op wound healing due to

its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory

characteristics (Suprayitno, 2003; Mat Jais, 2008;

Mat Jais, 1997).

One way to boost albumin intake is by

consuming HSA (Human Serum Albumin).

However, it is very expensive thus alternatively

people look for white egg, sidat fish or toman fish

which are cheaper yet contain albumin with similar

clinical aspects. Also, albumin from fish extract is

also proven to contain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty

acids (Mustafa et al., 2012).

In previous studies, Indonesians have used

fish for its albumin content. For instance, people in

Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, make use of

steamed gabus/toman fish for wound healing from

afterbirth processes (Mustafa et al., 2012). From this

study, it was proven that albumin extracted from

288

Santoso, H.

Analysis of Albumin Levels in Farmed Sidat Fish (Anguilla Marmorata) and Natural Breed Toman Fish (Channa Micropeltes).

DOI: 10.5220/0008361502880291

In Proceedings of BROMO Conference (BROMO 2018), pages 288-291

ISBN: 978-989-758-347-6

freshwater fishes can substitute albumin

serum (Mustafa, 2012).

Nonetheless, previous studies did not clearly

investigate the albumin level found in freshwater

fishes nor investigate the difference between those

which are farmed and breeding naturally. This study

thus wants to analyse the albumin level in farmed

sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata) and toman fish

(Channa micropeltes). The two fishes are chosen

because they are generally consumed and have been

shown to contain albumin which is used by the

people who consume them.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Materials

Freshwater sidat fish from the species of Anguilla

marmorata (Q.) with the average weight of 250g per

fish were obtained from ASPIN (National Fish

Farmers Association) of Pasar Sore Village,

Lamongan. Meanwhile, toman fish from the species

of Channa micropeltes were taken from

Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, had the average

weight of 230-250 g per fish. Overall, 2 kg of each

fish were used in this study.

Albumin level test make use of bromocresol

green method with bromocresol green reagent,

albumin standard reagent and control reagent.

2.2 Sample Preparation

The fishes had their stomach, scales, fins, tails and

heads removed. Also it was ensured that blood and

mucus were properly eliminated. The cleaned meat

were sliced into boneless fillets and cut into smaller

pieces. These pieces were blended and added with

solvents at the ratio of 1:1 v/w (100 mL water

solvent to 100 g fish meat).

2.3 Extraction Process

Albumin extraction was performed by using 0.1M

HCl as solvent for the meat solution and that the

solvent-solution mix was heated at 35-50 ᴼC for 10

minutes. To separate the mixture with its

supernatant, filtering process was done with addition

of 200 mL hexane. This was followed by mixing the

solution until two separate substances, oil and water

can be seen. The water substance is the extract of

albumin.

2.4 Qualitative Test

Take 500 µL of blended fish samples and add 4 mL

of biuret reagent in. Positive result is shown by the

display of reddish or bluish violet.

2.5 Quantitative Test for Albumin

Extract

Photometer was used to investigate the highest

albumin level between sidat fish (Anguilla

marmorata) and toman fish (Channa micropeltes)

which had been treated with bromocresol green

reagent.

Formula:

% albumin = [(mL sediment x N x P)/50] x 6.25

Note:

mL sediment : sediments collected

N : nitrogen quality from the

result of standard curve

equation

P : albumin sedimentation

dilution factor

Standard equation Y = 0.646X – 0.003 and R

0.982 for the left side of the equation

3 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

3.1 Analytical Result from Qualitative

Test

Biuret test showed that both fish extracts contained

albumin.

Table 1: Qualitative Analysis of Albumin Level

Item

Test

Substance

Test Method

Biuret

Visual

Albumin

Sidat Fish

Extract 500

µL

Toman Fish

Extract 500

µL

From Table 1, biuret test showed that all

samples turned violet, which showed the presence of

albumin protein. The test was able to detect the

change in peptide bond which resulted in colour

change. Ion Cu

from the reagent in basic solution

reacted with polypeptides that form proteins to form

violet-coloured complex compound.

Analysis of Albumin Levels in Farmed Sidat Fish (Anguilla Marmorata) and Natural Breed Toman Fish (Channa Micropeltes)

289

Sidat fish from Lamongan Regency has

higher albumin level than that of toman fish from

Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. This conclusion

comes from the visible spectrophotometry

absorbance results which showed that sidat fish

samples from Lamongan have the highest

absorbance values at 0.641 and the lowest at 0.626

as compared to toman fish samples at 0.602 and

0.519 respectively.

Figure 1: Standard Curve of Nitrogen Conc. Using Biuret

Method

Fish meat samples used in the test were taken

from lower head area and above tail area. For the

head area, each sample used 2.5 g of meat from the

right side of lower head area and 2.5 g from the left

side of the same area. Similarly, for the tail area,

each sample made use of 2.5 g of meat from the

right side of tail and 2.5 g from the left side. The

albumin level of toman fish seemingly differed

between the head and tail area. The same

observation was also made for sidat fish.

Each fish species recorded different albumin

level and isoelectric point at around 4.6 – 4.9

(Ghufron, 2011). The difference in albumin level

between the two areas is probably due to the

different isoelectric point.

Myogin content, including albumin, in small

fish is higher than that of large fish because large

fish accumulates more fats (Ariza et al., 2016).

Albumin level difference is probably due to the

difference in terms of weight of fish samples,

whereby out of the 2kg sample, each toman fish

sample weighted around 230-250 g while it was

about 250 g for sidat fish. Also, for sidat fish from

Lamongan, they were farmed and given fish food

rations which has a role in increasing their albumin

level (Sulistiyati, 2011).

The best way to extract crude fish albumin is

to use vacuum extractor with heating temperature at

about 35 deg.C for 12.5 minutes because albumin as

a protein is vulnerable to heat (de Man & John,

1989). In this experiment, the sample was incubated

at the temperature of 37

C inside water bath for

about 10 minutes. It is probable that incubation

influences the difference in albumin level.

3.2 Analytical Result from Quantitative

Test

No.

Sample

Type

Albumin Level

(mg/100g)

Ave.

± SD

Lower

Head

Above

Tail

Sidat

Fish

13.542

12.863

13.2025±

0.508*

Toman

Fish

11.345

10.269

10,807±

0.234

Note: * shows significant difference

From the above results, it can be seen that the

average albumin level in sidat fish from the species

of Anguilla marmorata is 0.508 mg/100g while for

that of toman fish from the species of Channa

micropeltes, it is 0.234 mg/100g. Statistical test

using unpaired T-test shows that there is a

significant difference between the albumin level in

sidat fish from the species of Anguilla marmorata

and toman fish from the species of Channa

micropeltes.

4 CONCLUSION

Albumin level found in farmed sidat fish from the

species of Anguilla marmorata is higher than that of

natural breed toman fish from the species of Channa

micropeltes found in brackish water. With this

result, farming of freshwater fish can be promoted

for the purpose of utilising albumin for health

purposes.

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