Architecture and Implementation of an Internet Platform
for Activating Elderly People: Case Study
Wieslawa Gryncewicz
a
, Robert Kutera
b
, Maja Leszczynska
c
and Artur Rot
d
Department of Information Systems, Wroclaw University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, Wroclaw, Poland
Keywords: Activation of Elderly People, e-Services, Platform Architecture, ICT Platform, Implementation, ActGo-Gate.
Abstract: The issues related to elderly people are currently being studied by many disciplines, including biology,
medicine, psychology and sociology. The problems that aging creates in societies are covered in different
ways by scientists specializing in different fields. Social scientists focus on, inter alia, the social scope of
activities carried out by elderly people. The said issues also fall in the areas of interest of professionals who
create information systems and technologies dedicated to elderly people. Thus, what has been developed in
order to meet their interests and to respond to a dynamic process of aging within societies is a concept of an
ICT platform designed to increase the activity of elderly people. The platform is dedicated to members of
local communities and it can be used to foster entrepreneurship, personal fulfillment and activation in the area
of social life. The paper presents both the goals and the concept of such a platform as well as its information
structure and model of implementation.
1 INTRODUCTION
For some time already we have been observing and
also participating in changes of a socio-economic
nature, which are taking place all over the world.
What constitutes a catalyst for these changes are
modern information and communication technologies
(ICT). They contribute to significant transformations
in almost all the areas of economic and social life. All
of these phenomena together are known under the
name of information society. In order to be an active
and aware member of the said society one needs to
possess proper competencies in the field of use of
ICT. Yet, the lack of such competencies leads to
digital exclusion (Tomczynska, 2017).
At the same time it is worthwhile to notice that
demographic analyses of the population in Poland
indicate that our society is aging very rapidly. What
could be listed among the most important
demographic changes occurring in the Polish society
are the following phenomena (Statistics Poland,
2014):
a
https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-1208-4099
b
https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-5454-6306
c
https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-3222-2110
d
https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-7281-8253
the reduction of number of Polish citizens
(approximately by 4.5 million by 2050),
by 2050 retired people will constitute almost
40% of the society (now: 21.5%),
the average life expectancy is still growing, in
2050 it might reach the level of 82.1 years for
men and 87.5 years for women,
the median age of the population in 2013 was
39.1 but in 2050 it will be as high as 52.5,
the demographic burden rate, which indicates
the number of children (between 0 and 14 years
of age) and of elderly people (at the age of 65
or more) per 100 people between 15 and 64
years of age, amounted to 58 people in 2013,
and in 2050 it will be almost twice as high and,
according to forecasts, it will amount to 105
people,
the rate of prospective taking care of parents,
which indicates the number of people at the age
of 85 or more per 100 people between 50 and
64 years of age was 8 people in 2013, and it is
estimated that in 2050 it will be 38 people.
Gryncewicz, W., Kutera, R., Leszczynska, M. and Rot, A.
Architecture and Implementation of an Internet Platform for Activating Elderly People: Case Study.
DOI: 10.5220/0007742602470254
In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health (ICT4AWE 2019), pages 247-254
ISBN: 978-989-758-368-1
Copyright
c
2019 by SCITEPRESS Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
247
As a consequence of aging of the population,
senior citizens are becoming one of the most
numerous groups which are at the risk of digital
exclusion. Therefore, in the process of building an
information society, it is vital to undertake measures
aimed at eliminating the said risk as well as
stimulating and encouraging senior citizens to use
ICT tools.
The purpose of this article is to present the
influence of information technology on the
transformation of the service model designed for
people over the age of 50 and on their broadly
understood professional and social activation. The
article will also demonstrate the potential of ICT
technologies on the market of services dedicated to
elderly people. One of its goals is to present the
concept of ActGo-Gate platform as a tool which
activates elderly people, and it will particularly focus
on its architecture and model of implementation in
Polish conditions.
2 RESEARCH METHOD
This article constitutes an element of a series of
publications written by the authors, in which they
present the outcomes of the research activities
conducted within the framework of an international
consortium. The said consortium received a grant for
financing a project as a result of the sixth international
competition: Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Joint
Program. Within the framework of the AAL program,
the authors’ Alma Mater, namely Wroclaw
University of Economics, participated in the
implementation of “Active Retiree and Golden
Workers Gate” (ActGo-Gate) project. The project
was aimed at creating an ICT platform designed to
facilitate trade in services within its users’ local
communities, especially senior ones. It enables
clients not only to search for, book and settle the
services rendered but also to mutually offer such
services (on a commercial or voluntary basis) one
neighboring resident to another. The platform’s
objective is to increase the availability of various
services as well as to increase the level of activation
of senior citizens and to prevent their digital
exclusion. The project was implemented with the
active participation of representatives of local
communities in Switzerland, Germany, and in Poland
(Gryncewicz, Leszczynska, 2016).
Within the framework of the Polish part of the
project the potential of the domestic market has been
examined in the area of the possibility of the practical
application of this kind of ICT solution. While
conducting their research, the authors of the article
are examining the possibility of activating elderly
people and improving their quality of life by applying
modern ICT solutions. For that purpose, economic,
social and technological conditions have been
identified and described (Gryncewicz et al., 2018)
(Leszczynska et al., 2016) (Butryn et al., 2015), a
model of implementation of an ICT solution in this
field has been suggested (Kutera et al., 2016), and the
aspects of implementation have been presented in the
context of the non-functional (Kutera and
Gryncewicz, 2016) (Maciaszek et al., 2016) and
functional (Rot et al., 2017) requirements, defined
after the analysis of the target group was conducted
as part of pilot implementations in Switzerland and
Germany. Extensive quantitative and qualitative
research on senior citizens in Poland has also been
carried out and the outcome of this research has been
presented in (Kutera et al., 2017). The tangible effect
of the Polish research works is a number of papers,
which organize knowledge in the field of service
economy and underpin a business model of
professional activation of elderly people in Poland.
3 THE POTENTIAL OF
INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
ON THE SERVICES MARKET
IN THE CONTEXT OF
ACTIVATING ELDERLY
PEOPLE
What can be observed in contemporary developed
economies is a dominating role of the services sector.
It has an influence on the other sectors and on the
lives of individual citizens. Research proves that in
the recent years the services sector has generated the
greater part of GDP and employed the highest
percentage of workers.
Advances in science and technology and the
creation of new information-communication
technologies play a crucial role in the transformations
of this sector due to the newly developed ways of
providing traditional services and due to new original
services, which did not exist before.
The Internet is increasingly being used to
distribute such services. However, the number of
offers there is immense, what leads to the situation in
which the decision is complex to make for the
consumers and it is very difficult to find a suitable
service provider. What constitutes an additional
barrier for senior citizens is the complexity of
ICT4AWE 2019 - 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health
248
websites on which the offer is presented.
Furthermore, such websites are not prepared in a way
which would enable elderly people to use them easily
(Rot, Kutera and Gryncewicz, 2017). They lack the
possibility to increase the font size or to use a voice
guide, which could facilitate navigation. It is also
difficult to check the credibility of a service provider.
Many senior citizens also need training or support
when they order a service via the Internet for the first
time so that they could break the barrier of fear related
to the usage of modern ICT solutions, to the lack of
trust to the service provider or to the mere lack of
knowledge (Gryncewicz et al., 2018). Another barrier
faced by the popularization of e-services among
senior citizens is leaving the negotiations and
ordering process to the client, what, due to the
complexity, often discourages the clients from
accepting the offer. Furthermore, ordering a service
directly from the provider’s website results in the fact
that the client enters into relations exclusively with
this one provider.
What has been created in view of the foregoing
observations is a project which increases the
availability of services among the members of local
communities. The purpose of the project and the
concept of ActGo-Gate platform dedicated to the
distribution of services addressed at people above the
age of 50 years was, first of all, a broadly understood
professional and social activation. The ICT platform
developed for the project enables via the Internet the
aggregation of service providers who are capable of
meeting the widest possible spectrum of needs (e.g.
in the area of care providing and medical services as
well as of educational, administrative, transportation,
information-communication, leisure, home
remodelling, and housekeeping services). The
platform activates senior citizens within the already
existing communities (senior clubs, universities of
the third age), it explores their natural need of self-
organization and of rendering mutual assistance, it
enables senior citizens to offer their own services in
the form of casual employment and at the same time
it provides them with a safe usage environment of the
ICT platform. The platform has a unified interface,
which meets the needs of elderly people.
The concept of the platform has been developed
on the basis of research conducted in countries of
Western Europe. However, the aforementioned
demographical changes indicate that the concept of
such a platform matches the development trend of the
Polish society as characterized above and it responds
to its needs.
4 ActGo-Gate PLATFORM
AS A TOOL OF ACTIVATION
OF SENIOR CITIZENS
The aim of the characterized ActGo-Gate platform is
first of all to activate senior citizens. The fulfillment
of the platform’s tasks and goals formulated in this
way corresponds to the specifics of platform’s users.
Within the framework of the platform there exist
three main groups (see Fig. 1). The first one is
composed of end users (consumers), i.e. elderly
people who offer their services via the platform in the
form of barter (time banks, voluntary work) or on a
commercial basis (part time job or a job under a
contract of mandate if a given task is to be
performed).
Figure 1: Groups of ActGo-Gate platform’s users.
The second group is formed by service providers
and employers who via the platform offer the ability
of employment on a commercial or voluntary basis.
The third user group is the integrator, whose task is,
as the term indicates, to ensure integration between
end users and service providers or employers. The
integrator performs the function of intermediary, who
faces the task of supporting elderly people in their
usage of the platform (technical support, ongoing
helpline) and who provides them with initial training
in this area. The integrator also negotiates the prices
of work/services and deals with their settlements in
the entire community of users.
The concept of the platform is based on the model
of integration of service providers and service
recipients via an ICT solution with the participation
of an intermediary, whose task is to coordinate the
communication between the parties concerned and to
secure the transactions from the organizational and
financial perspective.
The functional structure of the system is
composed of three modules (Leimeister, 2012). The
first one is Serve the Community Module which
activates the local community through offering and
trading informal services of support to other
community members. This refers to time banks or the
Architecture and Implementation of an Internet Platform for Activating Elderly People: Case Study
249
e-banking system for alternative methods of payment,
which consist on the mutual exchange of support
(“barter of services” – local exchange trading
system). Next module is Flexible Occupation Module
which focuses on local service providers and mature
workers or active retired people who are willing to
offer their services for consideration to the local
community members or who are willing to start a
part-time job. Third module – Get Involved with
Organizations Module – integrates the local
community members around social projects and
which activates them in this field on a voluntary basis.
The described modules, together with the core
platform, provide the users with a broad range of
possibilities related to undertaking professional
activity and enhancing social participation. Their
architecture will be deeply discussed in the next
section.
5 THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE
ICT SOLUTION
The architecture of the ActGo-Gate platform involves
4 key components (Figure 2):
Gate Application (AGG),
Appointment Coordination System (ACS),
Recruiting Service System (RSS),
User Management and Identity System
(UMIS).
Gate Application (AGG) constitutes a point of
contact for all the user groups. It determines the
appearance and behaviour of the responsive
interfaces dedicated to end users, service providers
and employers. Within its framework, the activities of
particular users and the transactions executed via all
the components of the platform are synchronized.
AGG makes its Application Programming Interface
(API) available and it uses the client's APIs in order
to ensure full synchronicity of data and to provide the
access to all the functions of the system. As far as the
functional dimension is concerned, the most
important task is to provide a tool for searching
through the offers and for the management of the
user's own ads with the application of navigation
paths simplified to a maximum and with the clear,
readable interface, which is adjusted to the perception
of elderly people.
Clients (ACS and RSS) are the systems
constituting autonomous Internet services, which deal
with specific forms of services and which provide
necessary functionalities such as the appointment
coordination (in the case of ACS) or recruitment (in
the case of RSS). As mentioned above, they have their
own APIs, which provide the current data and
functionalities required by AGG. Clients have inbuilt
email notification (and, additionally, text message
notification in the case of ACS), which, in both cases,
was extended by sending notifications to AGG. In
particular, Clients provide the functional modules of
the platform with functionalities. These functional
modules are:
Serve the Community Module, which is
provided by ACS and which offers the ICT
support for the mutual exchange of services
performed by the citizens for the citizens,
including the barter trade of services. It also
supports service providers in the process of
matchmaking consumers with service
performers due to the partial automation of
tasks, in particular autodispatching of
appointments. The intermediary, who has their
own Personal Consumer Address Book, orders
the services on behalf of other users.
Flexible Occupation Module, which is
provided by ACS and which allows the services
to be provided by elderly people on a
commercial basis in a form of a part-time
employment. The module facilitates finding
people who need help through browsing
demands, which can be defined as descriptions
of the character of the assistance needed. The
response to the demand generates another
appointment, which can be managed according
to the planned process of the demand-driven
appointment coordination. The support in the
matchmaking provided by the intermediary is
available because of the possibility of acting to
the benefit of other users, i.e. in the field of
order placement and appointment coordination.
Get Involved with Organizations Module,
which is provided by RSS and through which it
is possible to offer services on a voluntary
basis. Volunteers can apply to given
volunteering projects and the system supports
the organization which carries on a given
project by conducting the recruitment process
and by selecting the most adequate candidates.
The system also provides the volunteers with
technological and factual support in the field of
creating their CVs and it actively supports the
process of selecting offers suitable for a given
volunteer.
ICT4AWE 2019 - 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health
250
Figure 2: ActGo-Gate architecture model.
The User Management and Identity System
(UMIS) provides ICT tools which facilitate users
registration, collecting and processing their data, and
user authentication, i.e. providing information on the
identity of the users. The latter function is performed
due to the application of the OpenID Connect
authentication protocol. What constitutes an
unquestionable advantage of this technology is a
considerable degree of separation of the user data and
of the processes related to the management thereof
from the other ICT systems, what results in the data
security improvement. Furthermore, because of such
a solution, the entire platform is very interoperable
and therefore it is easily extendable by new clients,
whose task is to provide complementary services to
the platform's current offer.
It should be emphasized that the architectural
construction of the core platform makes it possible to
offer services/work with the interface unified for all
its users (Rot et al., 2017). Furthermore, from the
user’s perspective professional and informal services
are visible as one integrated, unified portfolio.
The platform is available via such devices as
tablets or smartphones. It provides elderly people
with an easy and quick access to described
functionalities and modules. The interface which is
offered as part of this component is ergonomic, i.e. it
is tailored to the needs and perception of elderly
people and it provides a wide range of customization
possibilities, thus it adapts to the user’s individual
preferences. The mentioned technology is used to
document, confirm, and authorize the activities
conducted by the end user on ActGo-Gate platform,
e.g. through fingerprint recognition.
The responsive web portal integrates the
aforementioned components of ActGo-Gate platform
into one point of contact for all the user groups. It
determines the appearance of the interfaces of the
mobile clients for end users as well as for service
providers and employers. The portal enables the
synchronization of activities of particular users and of
transactions realized through all the platform
components. What also takes place with the
application of the portal is the integration of the
Architecture and Implementation of an Internet Platform for Activating Elderly People: Case Study
251
already used systems of service providers and
employers (Lopacinski, et al., 2018).
6 THE MODEL OF
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
ICT PLATFORM ACTIVATING
SENIOR CITIZENS IN THE
POLISH CONDITIONS
The concept of a business model of activating elderly
people with the application of an electronic platform
includes
(Leszczynska, Lopacinski, Gryncewicz, 2017):
The main roles of the stakeholders engaged in
the activation of elderly people.
Key relations between the roles, including the
activities conducted by one party to the benefit
of another, and also all the cash flows which
enable proper functioning of the model under
market conditions.
Figure 3. presents a graphical representation of the
model.
Figure 3: ActGo-Gate platform business model.
What constitutes the central part of this model is
an electronic platform for services market, which is
provided by the ICT services provider, i.e. the
software provider in the Software-as-a-Service
(SaaS) model (Maciaszek et al., 2016). This entity is
responsible for the preparation and configuration of
the platform, the ongoing technical support and
maintaining the system within the framework of their
server infrastructure. Importantly, the platform is an
integrated solution due to the fact that it offers an easy
and non-invasive integration to external Internet
services (known as client services) directed at
providing information on employment possibilities
and service offerings. The platform aggregates data
from many client services. It provides key
functionalities related to browsing, ordering,
coordinating dates, rendering, and verifying services.
Service providers render necessary professional
services to elderly people. The platform brings them
tangible benefits resulting from the access to ICT
tools for managing their commercial activities and to
a large group of potential consumers of their services.
Service providers pay for the usage of the platform in
the form of a subscription or commission fee. Within
the framework of this group, service providers
represent those who manage organizations which
render services, who are in charge of defining the
services and the conditions of their supply, managing
the staff, as well as of allocating the tasks between the
suppliers of services. The latter are responsible for
rendering services for a given ordering party. The
ordering parties and voluntary workers constitute a
group of clients who are original users of a platform
in the discussed business model. They are usually
elderly people, or people working to the benefit of
elderly people in a particular field, e.g. adult children
who provide care for their elderly parents. The
ordering party attempts to acquire a service which
responds best to their needs as to its subject-matter
and which will be rendered in a given place and time.
The time will be defined in the process of
coordinating dates in cooperation with the other party
(with the service provider). Voluntary workers search
for the possibility of engaging themselves in a
voluntary project or of rendering a one-time service
free of charge for the ordering party, who first defines
their need for a given type of work/task. It is
worthwhile to mention that the roles of voluntary
worker and of ordering party can be performed
interchangeably by the same person, depending on
circumstances. If the state of health of an elderly
person constitutes an impediment to their ability to
carry out a certain type of work, they can use services
provided by professionals or voluntary workers. At
the same time, this elderly person can provide
voluntary services which are suitable from the
perspective of their health to other elderly people.
Such an approach explores the natural need of self-
organization and of rendering mutual assistance,
which the elderly people have, and which was
identified as a result of the qualitative research
(aforementioned in “research method” section of this
paper).
The party which plays a crucial role in this model
is the intermediary. Its key task is to create a safe
environment of using the ICT platform for senior
citizens. Furthermore, the intermediary is in charge of
ICT4AWE 2019 - 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health
252
organizing the market through supporting the clients
and service providers with each transaction. It
provides the users with the technical and substantive
support during their attempts to order a service on
their own. It is also responsible for carrying out the
duties of the parties to a given transaction. In the
second case, the intermediary, while acting on behalf
of the client, orders a service via the platform and
negotiates the dates of its rendition, or defines the
need for the service and selects the best voluntary
service supplier. The function of intermediary can be
performed by the already existing communities and
organizations which activate senior citizens, e.g.
universities of the third age. What is indispensable in
order to make it possible, is the financing coming
from public and private sources. Apart from the
income from the subscription fees, the financing can
be obtained from a group of patrons, such as state and
self-government authorities or private sponsors,
whose statutory objectives correspond to the
objectives of the discussed business model, i.e. their
aim is to focus on the professional activation of senior
citizens. This group, complemented by the media and
non-governmental social organizations, plays a
significant role in the area of activation and
promotion, which is performed with a partial
participation of the intermediary.
A business model developed in this way
concentrates on the subject of the market connected
with the platform, directed at activating elderly
people in the area of their professional life.
7 CONCLUSIONS
Supplying the market with an advanced platform
integrating providers of services dedicated to people
over 50 years of age and employers who are willing
to hire the representatives of this age group in the
form of a part-time job on a commercial or voluntary
basis on one hand, and the recipients of those
services/tasks, i.e. people who are over 50 years old
on the other, constitutes a comprehensive response to
the needs of the indicated age group. The introduction
into the model of the intermediary, who provides
elderly people with the assistance in the area of price
negotiations, settlements, and verification of service
providers and employers, solves the problem of
senior citizens’ mistrust of the service providers
unknown to them and eliminates the problem of
dishonest users. Additionally, the platform enables
end users concerned to communicate with one
another (chats, blogs, videos, phone calls) and to
exchange opinions on services/tasks in order to
reduce their inner anxiety, fear, or concern related to
the new and unknown.
New forms of distribution of services might
improve the quality of life of elderly people quite
significantly through alleviating the burden of
everyday chores and via social activation due to the
assistance in the usage of a wide range of social-
cultural services and due to providing senior citizens
with the possibility to render services to other people.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ActGo-Gate was the part of AAL Joint Programme
Call 6, a funding activity that aims to create better
condition of life for the older adults and to strengthen
the industrial opportunities in Europe through the use
of ICT. The consortium consisted of 7 partners from
Switzerland, Germany and Poland. In Poland, the
project was funded by the National Centre for
Research and Development and realized at Wroclaw
University of Economics (AAL6/2015).
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