Authors:
Amir Hamzah Siregar
1
;
Saharman Gea
1
;
Aditia Warman
1
;
Mahyuni Harahap
1
;
Grace Nainggolan
2
and
Dellyansyah
2
Affiliations:
1
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
;
2
Postgraduate Chemistry Study Program, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Keyword(s):
Lignin, Precursor, Electrospinning, Pyrolysis, Carbon Fibre
Abstract:
Electrospinning is a valuable method for polymeric to produce the nanoscale of fibres. This technique has significant attention due to its simple and efficient. To realize these more advanced functional carbon fibre, how that polymer affects the electrospinning process is essential. In this study, 10% PVA in deionised water was prepared using reflux at 25 ºC for 2 hours and mixed with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 gram of lignin. The addition of lignin to the PVA solution decreased the conductivity and increased the viscosity. The polymer solution was then electrospun with distance 13 cm, flow rate 0.2 ml/h, voltage 19 kV at 24 ºC. Using The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively the functional group and spun of fibre morphology were characterised. The result showed that it formed beads-fibres. 1 INTRODUCTION Carbon fibre was produced by carbonization of carbon precursors (Gindl-altmutter et al., 2019). The different part carbon, there ar
e carbon fibre that contain 92% of carbon based on that weight, based on pyrolysis process (Deng et al., 2013). Carbon fibre is a lightweight with a tensile frame, high strength and low density. Therefore significant benefits in development of precursors for carbon fibre, obtained renewal from biobased such as lignin. Lignin, a plant-based biopolymer, has three dimensional polyphenolic polymer and available in the plant cell walls (Chemistry, 2019; Poursorkhabi et al., 2015). Aromatic structure of lignin, supported the graphization during the carbonization process (Ago et al., 2012). There are literature study reported that applied of lignin Kraft and organosolv as a carbon fibre precursor after obtaining thermal stabilization and carbonization (Dalton et al., 2018). Lignin-based carbon fibre offers potentially attractive manufacturing cost advantages over current technology, estimated costs on a commercial scale of around $4/Ib - $6/Ib compared to production for petroleum-based carbon fibre $10/Ib (Milbrandt & Booth, 2016). Table 1: Cost-saving figures for carbon fibre dependent on lignin compared with traditional PAN carbon fibre. Process Cost Category PAN-Based Carbon Fibre Cost Estimate (S9.88/Ib) Lignin-Based Carbon Fibre Cost Estimate ($3.71/Ib) Precursors $5.04 $0.50 Stabilization and oxidation $1.54 $0.99 Carbonization and graphitization $2.32 $1.48 Surface treatment $0.37 $0.33 Spooling and packaging $0.61 $0.41 The polymer should have the specifications to form a fibre, linear molecular structure, high carbon content, low polydispersity, higher molecular density, compact structure, lower crystallinity and molecular orientation (Ko, F.K., Wan, 2014). Electrospinning was commonly employed in the manufacture of
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