Authors:
Akihiro Takeuchi
1
;
Kai Ishida
1
;
Yasuo Morohoshi
2
;
Toshihiro Shinbo
2
;
Minoru Hirose
2
and
Noriaki Ikeda
2
Affiliations:
1
Kitasato University; Kitasato University, Japan
;
2
Kitasato University School of Medicine Kitasato; Kitasato University; Kitasato University, Japan
Keyword(s):
Venous needle dislodgement (VND), Photo sensor, Light transmission, Gauze pad.
Related
Ontology
Subjects/Areas/Topics:
Biomedical Engineering
;
Biomedical Equipment
;
Biomedical Instrumentation
;
Biomedical Instruments and Devices
;
Biomedical Sensors
;
Devices
;
Health Monitoring Devices
;
Human-Computer Interaction
;
Physiological Computing Systems
Abstract:
Accidents during hemodialysis such as a large amount of blood loss are often caused by venous needle dislodgement. To develop a bleeding sensor based on a photo sensor, we studied effects of liquids and porcine blood on light transmission through a thin gauze pad. The photo sensor consisted of an ordinary electrical circuit, a light emitting diode (lambda max = 645 nm), a photo diode, and a thin gauze pad placed between the diodes. The light transmitted through the gauze pad soaked with liquids or porcine blood was measured with a digital voltmeter. The liquids on a gauze pad, significantly increased the voltage (light transmission) from 0.33 +/- 0.004 V (SD) to 0.63 +/- 0.02 V (minimum, by reverse osmosis water) and to 0.70 +/- 0.03 V (maximum, by 50% glucose). The porcine blood significantly decreased the voltage from 0.33 V to 0.21 +/- 0.02 V in Hct 40%, to 0.27 +/- 0.02 in Hct 30%, to 0.30 +/- 0.02 V in Hct 20%. We confirmed that liquids significantly increased light transmission
through the gauze pad, but porcine blood decreased light transmission. This opposite response can be used to distinguish liquids from blood on a gauze pad.
(More)