Authors:
            
                    Li Niu
                    
                        
                    
                    ; 
                
                    Jie Lu
                    
                        
                    
                     and
                
                    Guangquan Zhang
                    
                        
                    
                    
                
        
        
            Affiliation:
            
                    
                        
                    
                    Faculty of Information Technology, University of Technology, Australia
                
        
        
        
        
        
             Keyword(s):
            Executive support systems, Situation awareness, Mental models, Decision-making.
        
        
            
                Related
                    Ontology
                    Subjects/Areas/Topics:
                
                        Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems
                    ; 
                        Data Warehouses and OLAP
                    ; 
                        Databases and Information Systems Integration
                    ; 
                        Enterprise Information Systems
                    ; 
                        HCI on Enterprise Information Systems
                    ; 
                        Human Factors
                    ; 
                        Human-Computer Interaction
                    ; 
                        Physiological Computing Systems
                    ; 
                        Strategic Decision Support Systems
                    
            
        
        
            
                Abstract: 
                Regardless of cognitive orientation of increasing importance, most executive support systems (ESS) and other decision support systems (DSSs) focus on providing behavioural support to executives’ decision-making. In this paper, we suggest that cognitive orientation in information systems is twofold: situation awareness (SA) and mental model. A literature review of SA and mental models from different fields shows that both the two human mental constructs play very important roles in human decision-making, particularly in the naturalistic settings with time pressure, dynamics, complexity, uncertainty, and high personal stakes. Based on a discussion of application problems of present ESSs, a conceptual ESS framework on cognitive orientation is developed. Under this framework, executives’ SA and mental models can be developed and enriched, which eventually increases the probability of good decision-making and good performance.