Authors:
Maria Chroni
;
Angelos Fylakis
and
Stavros D. Nikolopoulos
Affiliation:
University of Ioannina, Greece
Keyword(s):
Watermarking Techniques, Audio Watermarking Algorithms, Self-inverting Permutations, Representations of Permutations, Frequency Domain, Embedding/Extracting Algorithms, Performance Evaluation.
Related
Ontology
Subjects/Areas/Topics:
Internet Technology
;
Web Information Systems and Technologies
;
Web Security and Privacy
Abstract:
The intellectual property infringement in music due to the proliferation of the internet and the ease of creating and distributing identical digital objects has brought watermarking techniques to the forefront of digital rights protection. Towards this direction, a significant number of watermarking techniques have been proposed in recent years in order to create robust and imperceptible audio watermarks. In this work we propose an audio watermarking technique which efficiently and secretly embeds information, or equivalently watermarks, into an audio digital signal. Our technique is based on the main idea of a recently proposed image watermarking technique expanding thus the digital objects that can be efficiently watermarked through the use of self-inverting permutations. More precisely, our audio watermarking technique uses the 1D representation of self-inverting permutations and utilizes marking at specific areas thanks to partial modifications of the audio's Discrete Fourier Tra
nsform (DFT); these modifications are made on the magnitude of specific frequency bands. We have evaluated the embedding and extracting algorithms by testing them on various and different in characteristics audio signals that were in WAV format and we have obtained positive results. The algorithms have been developed and tested using the mathematical software package Matlab.
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