Authors:
Sarot Busala
1
;
Zhang Song
1
;
Hiroyuki Iida
1
;
Mohd Nor Akmal Khalid
1
and
Umi Kalsom Yusof
2
Affiliations:
1
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 923-1211 Ishikawa Prefecture, Nomi, Asahidai and Japan
;
2
School of Computer Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang and Malaysia
Keyword(s):
Checkers, MIN-MAX Search Tree, Conspiracy Number, Single Conspiracy Number.
Related
Ontology
Subjects/Areas/Topics:
AI and Creativity
;
Artificial Intelligence
;
Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems
;
Computational Intelligence
;
Enterprise Information Systems
;
Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics
;
Intelligent Control Systems and Optimization
;
Soft Computing
;
State Space Search
;
Symbolic Systems
Abstract:
Game playing provides the medium for a variety of algorithms to formulate play decisions that surpass human expert. However, the reasons that distinguish the winning and losing positions remain actively researched which leads to the utilization of the search “indicator”. Conspiracy number search (CNS) and proof number search (PNS) had been popularly adopted as the search indicators in MIN/MAX and AND/OR tree, respectively. However, their limitations had encouraged the need for an alternative search indicator. The single conspiracy number (SCN) is a search indicator inspired by CNS and PNS which measure the difficulty of getting MIN/MAX value over a threshold point for a current root node. Recently, SCN had been successfully applied in Chinese chess to analyze both the progress pattern and long-term position. In this paper, analysis of the SCN within the game of checkers is conducted where different SCN threshold values and varying depth of the search tree were considered. Checkers wa
s chosen due to its smaller search space and contain a rule that affects the shape of the search tree. The experimental results show that the SCN values stabilize as the depth of the search tree increases whether the player is in winning, drawing or losing position.
(More)