Authors:
Alex Frid
1
;
Hananel Hazan
2
;
Ester Koilis
1
;
Larry M. Manevitz
3
;
Maayan Merhav
4
and
Gal Star
1
Affiliations:
1
University of Haifa, Israel
;
2
Technion, Israel
;
3
University of Haifa, Center of Information and Neural Networks and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Israel
;
4
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany
Keyword(s):
Machine Learning, Classification, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Feature Selection, Support Vector Machines, Radial Basis Function Kernel, Declarative Memory, Information Biomarkers.
Related
Ontology
Subjects/Areas/Topics:
Artificial Intelligence
;
Biomedical Engineering
;
Biomedical Signal Processing
;
Computational Intelligence
;
Computational Neuroscience
;
Data Manipulation
;
Health Engineering and Technology Applications
;
Human-Computer Interaction
;
Methodologies and Methods
;
Neural Networks
;
Neurocomputing
;
Neurotechnology, Electronics and Informatics
;
Pattern Recognition
;
Physiological Computing Systems
;
Sensor Networks
;
Signal Processing
;
Soft Computing
;
Support Vector Machines and Applications
;
Theory and Methods
Abstract:
This work uses supervised machine learning methods over fMRI brain scans to establish the existence of
two different encoding procedures for human declarative memory. Declarative knowledge refers to the
memory for facts and events and initially depends on the hippocampus. Recent studies which used patients
with hippocampal lesions and neuroimaging data, suggested the existence of an alternative process to form
declarative memories. This process is triggered by learning mechanism called "Fast Mapping (FM)", as
opposed to the 'standard' "Explicit Encoding (EE)" learning procedure. The present work gives a clear
biomarker on the existence of two distinct encoding procedures as we can accurately predict which of the
processes is being used directly from voxel activity in fMRI scans. The scans are taken during retrieval of
information wherein the tasks are identical regardless of which procedure was used for acquisition and by
that reflect conclusive prediction. This is an identification
of a more subtle cognitive task than direct
perceptual cognitive tasks as it requires some encoding and processing in the brain.
(More)