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them is HATS (Hypertext Annotation and Trail
System) (Kim et al., 2004). HATS is based on
WebDAV, which is a XML-based protocol to support
collaborative authoring and manage namespace.
HATS is implemented as a plug-in facility onto the
Mozilla browser. When a user invokes the annotation
functionality, a menu frame containing an input area
and previous annotation information would be
displayed. All the annotation information is inputted
through this menu frame; hence, the original page
content stays intact. HATS can also provide
annotation to PDF files and even multimedia files
with pictures.
Ramachandran et al. develop a system for
pen-based annotation information (Ramachandran
and Kashi, 2003). Its user applies pen-based input
devices to annotate web pages. The annotation is
stored in XML format to record various attributes
such as ink point, text area, and so on. Since
SCORM is also based on XML, the extension of
these works to annotate SCORM learning objects
may be plausible, but integrating the XML structures
require certain amount of work.
Besides XML standard, some researches follow
industrial standard such as RDF. Annotea is a
web-based annotation sharing infrastructure
following open RDF standard (Kahan and M.-R.
Koivunen., 2001). Annotea treats annotation as
additional information of the original documents,
and stores annotations on several annotation servers.
Annotea achieves annotation sharing and reuse
through open RDF. When a user wants to annotate
some texts in the document, he simply marks these
texts and presses the associated key, and the
annotation information is then stored in RDF format.
5 CONCLUSION
This research aims to develop a learning content
presentation system, Power RTE, which support
annotation functionality and comply with SCORM
standard. On such a platform, learners could
annotate their learning materials by making their
notes, highlighting key point, and so on to improve
comprehending and reviewing these digital materials
as well as personalizing their learning processes.
Power RTE is based on ADL RTE 1.3 Beta 3.
Through software reengineering techniques, ADL
RTE 1.3 Beta 3 is analyzed statically and
dynamically so that modules for annotation functions
may be introduced and integrated. The annotation
functionality, including font setting, type setting,
highlighting, and commentary insertion, is derived
from another open source solution, HtmlArea. The
annotation produced by a user can be packaged into
a SCORM object and shared to other learners.
The future development of Power RTE is to
support more diverse types of annotation, say,
allowing voice or even video annotation. The
opinions of users on Power RTE should also be
collected to adapt and enhance its functionality.
Finally, the effectiveness of Power RTE in
promoting learning effect needs to be studied
carefully to prove whether such tool meets the goal
of its development.
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