ROBUST CONTENT-BASED VIDEO WATERMARKING EXPLOITING MOTION ENTROPY MASKING EFFECT

Amir Houmansadr, Hamed Pirsiavash, Shahrokh Ghaemmaghami

2006

Abstract

A major class of image and video watermarking algorithms, i.e. content-based watermarking, is based on the concept of Human Visual System (HVS) in order to adapt more efficiently to the local characteristics of the host signal. In this paper, a content-based video watermarking scheme is developed and the concept of entropy masking effect is employed to significantly improve the use of the HVS model. Entropy masking effect states that the human eye’s sensitivity decreases in high entropy regions, i.e. regions with spatial or temporal complexity. The spatial entropy masking effect has been exploited in a number of previous works in order to enhance the robustness of image-adaptive watermarks. In the current research, we use the temporal entropy masking as well to achieve a higher performance in video watermarking. Experimental results show that more robust watermarked video sequences are produced considering temporal entropy masking effect, while the watermarks are still subjectively imperceptible. Robustness enhancement is a function of temporal and spatial complexity of the host video sequences.

References

  1. Bloom, J., Cox, I., Kalker, T., Linnartz, J.-P., Miller, M., and Traw, C., 1999. Copy protection for DVD video, Proceedings of the IEEE, 87 (7). pp. 1267-1276.
  2. Cox, I. J., Kilian, J., Leighton, T., and Shamoon, T., 1995. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. NEC Research Institute Tech., Rep. 95-10.
  3. Depovere, G., Kalker, T., Haitsma, J., Maes, M., De Strycker, L., Termont, P., Vandewege, J., Langell, A., Alm, C., Normann, P., O'Reilly, G., Howes, B., Vaanholt, H., Hintzen, R., Donnely, P., Hudson, A., 1999. The VIVA project: digital watermarking for broadcast monitoring. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 202-205.
  4. Doerr, G., Dugelay, JL., 2003. A guide tour of video watermarking, Signal Processing: Image Communication, Elsevier Science, vol. 18. pp. 263- 282.
  5. Houmansadr, A., Ghaemmaghami, S., 2005. Robustness enhancement of content-based watermarks using entropy masking effect. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3710, Springer-Verlag, pp. 444-458.
  6. Lin, E., Podilchuk, C., Kalker, T., Delp, E., 2001. Streaming video and rate scalable compression: what are the challenges for watermarking? In Proceedings of SPIE 4314, security and Watermarking of Multimedia Content III, pp. 116-127.
  7. Pan, J. S., Huang, H. C., Jain, L. C., 2004. Intelligent watermarking techniques, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore.
  8. Podilchuk, C. I., Zeng, W., 1998. Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models. IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 525-539.
  9. Qiao, L., Nahrstedt, K., 1998. Watermarking methods for MPEG encoded video: toward resolving rightful ownership. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, pp. 276-285.
  10. Wang, Y., Ostermann, J., and Zhang, Y., 2002. Video processing and communications, Prentice Hall.
  11. Watson, A. B., 1993. DCT quantization matrices visually optimized for individual images. In Proceedings of SPIE Conf. Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IV, vol. 1913, pp. 202-216.
  12. Watson, A. B., Borthwick, R., and Taylor, M.,1997. Image quality and entropy masking. In Proc. SPIE Conf., vol. 3016.
  13. Wolfgang, R. B., Podilchuk, C. I., and Delp, E. J., 1993. Perceptual watermarks for digital images and video. In Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 87, No. 7, pp. 1108-1126.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Houmansadr A., Pirsiavash H. and Ghaemmaghami S. (2006). ROBUST CONTENT-BASED VIDEO WATERMARKING EXPLOITING MOTION ENTROPY MASKING EFFECT . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications - Volume 1: SIGMAP, (ICETE 2006) ISBN 978-972-8865-64-1, pages 252-259. DOI: 10.5220/0001572302520259


in Bibtex Style

@conference{sigmap06,
author={Amir Houmansadr and Hamed Pirsiavash and Shahrokh Ghaemmaghami},
title={ROBUST CONTENT-BASED VIDEO WATERMARKING EXPLOITING MOTION ENTROPY MASKING EFFECT},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications - Volume 1: SIGMAP, (ICETE 2006)},
year={2006},
pages={252-259},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0001572302520259},
isbn={978-972-8865-64-1},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications - Volume 1: SIGMAP, (ICETE 2006)
TI - ROBUST CONTENT-BASED VIDEO WATERMARKING EXPLOITING MOTION ENTROPY MASKING EFFECT
SN - 978-972-8865-64-1
AU - Houmansadr A.
AU - Pirsiavash H.
AU - Ghaemmaghami S.
PY - 2006
SP - 252
EP - 259
DO - 10.5220/0001572302520259