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and seek to repair the relationships (Jones & George,
1998). Even if a robot meets the basic requirements
of a conversation partner, its conversational abilities
will need to be further developed to meet the higher
expectations of teammates.
4 CONCLUSIONS
If designers wish to place robots in roles that have
previously been filled only by humans, they must
design robots that demonstrate the social behavior
and communication skills that humans expect of
people in these roles. To create robot teammates,
robots’ concepts of goals, motivations, actions, and
the relations between them must become further
developed and nuanced. Achieving this requires the
development of systems so complex that they
generate behaviors that enable humans to infer the
existence of shared mental models. Once researchers
recognize that creating a robot teammate takes far
more than improving a robot’s performance and
introducing it into a human team, the HRI
community can weigh the challenges of developing
a robot teammate to determine if creating a robot
teammate is indeed the best goal to guide the
direction of HRI research.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author thanks Hugh Dubberly, Paul Pangaro,
and Clifford Nass for their feedback and support.
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