A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT

TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA SITUATION AND THE

“YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM

Masahiro Aruga

1,4

, Shuichiro Ono

and Shuichi Kato

3,4

Department of Human and Information Science

School of Information Science and Technology, Tokai University, Japan

Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kitakaname 1117, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken, Japan

Graduate School of Informatics, Teikyo Heisei University, Uruido-Aza-Otani2289-23, Ichihara-shi, Chiba-ken, Japan

Institute of Intelligent Communications (corporative NPO, Japan), Kashiwanoha 5-4-6

Kashiwa-shi, Chiba-ken, Japan

Keywords: The “YUBITSUKI”, the dementia, the blind deaf person, the information content, Peirce’s semiotic.

Abstract: The communication among the blind deaf persons and others became more easy than before using the

“YUBITSUKI” system. When they become dementia it is estimated that the “YUBITSUKI” system shows

some information processing signal of the situation corresponding to the dementia situation. Therefore, it is

important that the structure model of information process and information content applied to this situation

are made clear. In this paper, firstly the outline of the “YUBITSUKI” system working is described and the

necessity of analysis of information structure of such communicating situation is shown. As a result, it is

described that it is important for the new information content different from the Shannon’s ordinary

information content to be introduced into the analysis of information process of dementia and its

communicating structure with the “YUBITSUKI” system, and an example of consideration with regard to

the elements of the new information content is proposed on the basis of discussing Peirce’s semiotic and

other concepts of some information elements.

1 INTRODUCTION

The “YUBITSUKYI: the name of terminal of a

communication tool” system has been developed for

the blind deaf persons to communicate with each

other and with other people (of course involving the

ordinary people). And it has been researched by

authors for the “YUBITSUKYI” system to be

embedded into the Life Support System which has

been developed from the Expanded EMR (Electric

or Electronic Medical Record) system as a

communication module system among the

handicapped persons, especially the blind deaf

persons and the others to involve the ordinary

people. Here, the word “the Expanded EMR system”

(which is the system that authors have subjected

from the beginning.) is used as a name of the system

which has wider and deeper concept than ordinary

EMR has. Then it has been estimated that the Life

Support System shows some useful signal data

containing the information to be able to find the

dementia situation, especially to be able to find the

dementia of blind deaf persons by discussing the

information of operation of such YUBITSUKYI

system as a module of the Life Support System. And

the consideration of such operating information is

very important and useful to analyze the information

process and the communication state among the

blind deaf persons and others. Especially the

quantitative consideration of the information process

is not only important and useful but also needed to

analyze the information and communication

mechanism in dementia situation not only of the

blind deaf persons but also of others (including the

ordinary people). The dementia is caused by the

disease of brain and by any other many reasons. In

the dementia situation some difficulties are made in

the brain and nervous system, and the patients of

dementia lose their memories and discernments and

so on, which were obtained before. As a result they

have some big difficulties on their ordinal life styles.

Especially the Alzheimer’s disease not only makes

339

Aruga M., Ono S. and Kato S. (2008).

A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA SITUATION AND THE “YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM.

In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems - HCI, pages 339-345

DOI: 10.5220/0001684203390345

 SciTePress

the big obstacle on memories for recognition, but

also makes the disease progressive. Furthermore the

frequency of its arising becomes higher and higher

as the age becomes older and older, and there is the

case that it cannot be found when and where this

disease arises. Therefore nowadays this disease is

seamed as a difficult disease of nervous system

which has been making some social problems. On

the other hand the blind deaf persons are the

handicapped persons who have the double

difficulties not only on the sense of sight, but also on

the auditory sense. For this reason their dementia

situation is very difficult to be found with the

method for ordinary people. But recently some their

communication methods have been developed, for

example, the finger Braille and the ” YUBITUKYI”

system are those ones. [see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure

3] As a result it has been estimated that using such

communication methods the dada of dementia of

these handicapped people and the other relational

data are obtained. Therefore firstly the outline of the

” YUBITUKYI” system is described and the

discussing points of its communication process with

regard to information content are considered.

Secondly considering the application to the dementia

of them and ordinary people the Peirce’s Semiotic are

discussed to analyze the recognition process of human

being and introduce the new information theories and

contents by the consideration of virtual realty. Thirdly

on the idea of the interpretant which the Peirce’s

Semiotic introduced and named an example of a first

step of new information content and method of

analysis of such dementia situation is proposed and

the related concepts are described, there, it is

described that as the quantitative expression method

of the Shannon’s information theory is not sufficient

for such dementia situation this kind of new

information content and new analyzing method are

needed to be introduced for quantitatively analyzing

such dementia situation (involving ordinary people’s

dementia situation) and the structure of

communication process of such handicapped and

dementia people. Finally in the conclusion and further

works it is shown for the new information content to

be able to be applied to the dementia situation.

2 THE OUTLINE OF FUNCTION

OF THE ”YUBITSUKYI”

SYSTEM AND THE

CONSIDERATION OF ITS

INFORMATION PROCESS

In today’s Japan it is seamed that there are about

20,000 blind deaf persons. Therefore from this point

of view it is estimated that there are more much

blind deaf persons in whole present world. But until

now the sufficient support system of them has not

yet developed, though it is so, recently some

communication systems have been developed

although they are not sufficient. For example the

Finger Braille and the ” YUBITUKYI” system have

been developed. [see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3]

Here the outline of functions of the ” YUBITUKYI”

system is described. The ” YUBITUKYI” system

has been developed for the blind deaf persons to

communicate with each others and with other

persons. Now it is discussed for this system to be

embedded as a module into the Life Support System

which is expanded from the Expanded EMR on the

base of Linux Operating System. And this system is

made on the basis of the Finger Braille

communication technique. Then it is estimated that

the Life Support System can show the information

corresponding to the dementia situation and the

quantitative information process of them through the

"YUBITSUKYI” system of its a module. The

"YUBITSUKYI” system is a kind of system to

communicate among the blind deaf persons and

others. The word "YUBITSUKYI”(see Figure 3) is

the name of this communication terminal tool in the

"YUBITSUKYI” system. The "YUBITSUKYI"

system is made by the use of vibrating points of the

tools “YUBITSUKYIs”. In the finger Braille

technique the total six fingers of right and left hand

from the index finger to the third finger are used

along the method of the Braille system to have two

kinds of expression point patterns of Convex side

and Concave side. Here Japanese point patterns are

treated and discussed to consider the information

content with regard to the dementia situation. The

finger Braille technique in Japan has been developed

in the direct touch method to be able to send the

finger patterns meaning Japanese characters to the

blind deaf person from the transmission side partner

on the basis of the Braille rules. In the Figure 1 a

Braille pattern of Japanese character "ka" is shown,

and it is shown in symmetrical patterns of

expression of the Braille. The finger Braille patterns

are made in the corresponding number fingers to

ICEIS 2008 - International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems

340

show a character of the Braille patterns. The

“YUBITUKYI” system is constructed to use this

finger Braille patterns of characters, that is, the

pattern made by the six vibrating points of its mobile

terminal devices “YUBITUKYIs” can give the

character patterns corresponding to the patterns of

six fingers of the finger Braille.

The “YUBITUKYI” is the electrical devices which

have been improved at present. Therefore, the data

of the “YUBITUKYI” can be treated with electric

methods and its data processing is made with

electric signals processing and their transformed

signals processing. At the same time, those signals

processing can directly give the information in the

data of the “YUBITUKYI” system as the

information processing data.

点字凸側

点字凹側

3 2 1 4 5 6 6 5 4 1 2 3

左手左手右手右手

図 1 文字「カ」の点字と指点字との対応

Convex side Concave side

Braille Braille

he finger Braille

The finger Braille

Left hand Right hand Left hand Right hand

Figure 1: The correspondence of Braille and the Finger

Braille.

Figure 2: The Finger Braille.

Figure 3: The ” YUBITUKYIs” (Left:Ver.1, Right:

Ver.2).

Holding the joysticks and vibrating the vibrating

points of the ” YUBITUKYI” terminals with both

hands the users can send and receive the

conversation signals from each joystick terminals.

When the users need to transmit their

communicating information signals to their

companies, they can send those signals to strike 1-6

vibrating points of the ” YUBITUKYI” terminals.

And when they want to receive those signals from

their partners they are able to receive their partners

communicating information signals from the

vibration of 1-6 vibrating points of the ”

YUBITUKYI” terminals. As a result the mutual

communication among such users have become

easier than before. And the “YUBITSUKYIs” are

portable terminals and the users are able to

ordinarily and freely walk carrying them and to use

them anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, the

“YUBITUKYI” system has some optional functions,

for instance, a REPEATER TAG function, a

BROADCASTY function etc. The “YUBITUKYI”

system can receive the telegram message of Braille

from the attaching TAG to every objects which has

the recorded memory about the object for it to be

pasted to, therefore the blind deaf persons can know

the information of characters of the object, for

example, its existence position, size, material

character, form, other necessary characters and so on,

from the signal of TAG without direct touching of

the object, although they could not know those

characters without direct touching of the object

before the” YUBITSUKYI” system had not been

developed. Namely, by the using such function the

blind deaf persons can get their present and

surrounding information without contacting the

objects directly. Moreover, the BROADCASTY

function of the “YUBITSUKYI” system can give

the users the telegram messages translated by the

computer into finger Braille, and can broadcast these

translated messages, and can display the text

document. Even if the partner of users does not

know finger Braille technique, the natural

communication among such people can be

performed immediately using such functions.

Nowadays the blind deaf persons are intercepted

from almost all information media, such as

television and newspaper and so on, and it is

difficult for them to talk even with their family. As

a result today is the indispensable system for the

blind deaf person in order to live among the healthy

persons. As the expanded function the equipment

like the voice input interface, such as a microphone,

can be used in the processing of communicating

information of the “YUBITSUKYI” system. There

A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA

SITUATION AND THE “YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM

341

the communicated voice can be translated into finger

Braille, and can be transmitted to the blind deaf

persons with such function as a module of the Life

Support System expanded from the Expanded EMR

system on the basis of Linux system. Furthermore,

ordinarily the blind deaf persons cannot directly

understand the automatic voice guidance service

used recently, but the “YUBITSUKYI” system can

solve such problem and make the communication

between the users and automatic voice guidance

service. And the “YUBITSUKYI” system

embedded into the Life Support System can make

the measurement of signal changing from ordinary

situation, that is ; it is able to be measured that the

other conditions are added to the original signal.

Therefore, in order to make the diagnosis of disease

to affect the communication the “YUBITSUKYI”

system and the equipment system like the voice

input interface are able to be estimated to be used as

a module of the Life Support System. And it is also

able to be estimated that the “YUBITSUKYI”

system can give the diagnosis of early dementia not

only of the blind deaf person but also of the ordinary

people by analyzing its data to show the changing

and in a sense abnormal state from the ordinary

situation.

Then it is needed for the information processing

structure and information contents obtained from the

“YUBITSUKYI” system to be discussed. Here

going into the first step of discussion of the

information processing structure and information

contents of the “YUBITSUKYI” system of a module

of the Life Support System the most simple case is

taken up for discussion of the information

processing structure and contents applied to the

dementia situation. That is; although the joysticks of

the ” YUBITUKYI” terminals have total 8 vibrating

points the 2 points in those are the points for the

functions of its system. Therefore the 6 points of

them are considered, which show the fundamental

Braille in Japanese. In this case the information

content of the ” YUBITUKYI” terminals is 6 bits if

it is calculated by the Shannon’s theorem when the

active state of vibrating points of the joysticks is

able to be defined to be the events of the Shannon’s

theory meaning the ON or the OFF. As a result total

= 64 patterns of Japanese character can be

considered. And as each pattern can express each

character of Japanese the combination of such

patterns constructs some Japanese words and

sentences. If ordinary state, it is able to be forward

assumed that such 64 patterns are alphabets of

information source and their alphabets can

synthesize Japanese words and sentences and on this

assumption the analysis of information process and

communicating structure among users is able to be

performed. But if the dementia situation is treated,

for the characteristics of dementia like the difficulty

of remembrance the event of the ON or the OFF is

not necessarily able to be made clear when vibrating

6 points of the joysticks. Then inevitably the

character patterns are not able to be recognized and

understood clearly and definitely. Therefore, the

discussion of information content idea over the

Shannon’s theory is needed for the analysis of

information process of dementia situation. Now

some directions of consideration of the new

information content exist. For instance, at least the

following 3 cases are able to be considered.

Case 1: Considering the information content

entirely and essentially different from the

information content of Shannon’s theory. This case

has studied by authors in parallel, but this case will

be taken up in other paper. .

Case 2: Considering the information content

from the stand point taking account of the

Philosophy and the structure of the recognition of

human beings. This case has been advanced by

authors to some extent, and has been presented in

this paper considering the Peirce’s Semiotic.

Case 3: Considering the information content

from the stand point taking account of the concept of

Fussy Set to be applied for the dementia situation

and to be expanded over the information content of

Shannon’s theory. At this time this case 3 is not

taken up and will be taken up in other papers.

In this paper the Case 2 is treated and discussed

to introduce the new information content by

examining the Peirce’s Semiotic and the virtual

realty. The dementia situation has its special

recognizing spaces different from the ordinary real

spaces. It is able to be said that this situation has

something like virtual spaces and the analysis of

virtual realty is overlapped to the analysis of the

dementia state. From this point of view it is

estimated that the consideration of the Peirce’s

Semiotic and the virtual realty are useful to analyze

the dementia situation. The virtual reality is

generally understood like a pseudo experience of

various senses and a kind of the situation which is

caused by virtual world formed by some computer

technologies and an electronic network systems.

And it is seamed too like an appearance and form

being not source substance itself.

ICEIS 2008 - International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems

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3 THE CONSIDERATION OF THE

PEIRCE’S SEMIOTIC AND THE

VIRTUAL REALITY

From the today’s definition it shows such meaning

as “Existing in essence or effect though not in actual

fact or form”. Namely, this word of “Virtual” means

that the appearance of the object is different, but the

effect of the object is almost same. The real world

objects have something to come from the essence of

them, and from such meaning the virtual objects

must be able to have something to show the

equivalent effect for the essence of them. That is;

some characteristics of the virtual reality are

artificially realized by the human being extracting

the important elements and essences among

components of the real world, the virtual reality can

be said as "artificial reality". The virtual reality gives

us such a sense as there exists what is not existing

really on the front of us as the thing to be

observable. Therefore, the human recognition

system and its mechanism are needed to be

discussed from many sides to include a

consideration of the Peirce’s Semiotic. Although

many modern researchers of virtual reality recognize

the forming of virtual reality on the epistemology of

Kant, but the consideration of virtual reality on the

basis of the epistemology of Kant has following two

problems,

that is;

(1) there is no sign of the semiotic view to be able

to make the object evoke the subjectivity,

and

(2) the existence of the thing in itself which we

cannot know is recognized.

On the other hand, the process of recognition of

human being is analyzed more detail in the Peirce’s

semiotic consideration than the one is analyzed in

Kant’s epistemological consideration. Then here it is

needed for the Peirce’s semiotic consideration to be

discussed to reconsider the basic mechanism of

recognition process of human beings. Peirce defined

a sign process as Triadic relations. Namely, "A sign,

or representamen, is something which stands to

somebody (interpretant) for something (an object) in

some respect or capacity”. Here, these words

“representamen, interpretant” are introduced into

Peirce’s Semiotic, therefore although the

information contents are discussed in this paper we

use these words in the discussion of information

contents after this.

Here let’s consider the triadic relations example,

that is; a hunter finds a damaged certain tree in a

forest and supposes that a deer is in his

neighbourhood. In this case, as shown in the

following figure 4, the triadic relations are structured

among the "a wound (a sign) of a tree", the "deer (an

object)” and the "knowledge / experience

(interpretant) of a hunter". And this triadic relations

give a kind of sign process on the Peirce’s semiotic.

Here, the arrow (1) suggests that “a deer” causes

“a wound of a tree”(Diadic relations), and the arrow

(2) suggests that “a wound of a tree” makes a hunter

know that there is “a deer”(Triadic relations).

Namely, here two relations are considered, the one

(arrow2) is from “a wound of a tree”(sign) to a deer

( object) and the other(arrow1) is from a deer (

object) to “a wound of a tree” (sign). These facts

mean that there are two objects, that is; the one (a

deer) which makes the sign (a wound of a tree) and

the other (existence of a deer) which is made by the

sign (a wound of a tree). Therefore, it was proposed

by Peirce that the Immediate object must be

distinguished from the Dynamical object.

Figure 4: Triadic relations of a sign process.

Here the Immediate object means that it is

expressed with a sign and include hypothesizes or

virtual things, and the Dynamical object means the

real existence which cannot be expressed with a

sign, which can be only indicated and it is put in the

interpreter’s hands to find it. From these elements

the evolution models from an Immediate object to a

Dynamical object are able to be derived and through

the revision of interpretants finally the Final

interpretant is obtained. As a result the Peirce’s

Semiotic concept can show a framework of

recognition system and mechanism of human beings

and support to understand the virtual reality.

Furthermore, it is estimated that such Semiotic

Sign

A wound of a tree

(1)

(2)

Object Item of interpretation

(interpretant) Knowledge and

a thought of a hunter

There is a deer

A CONSIDERATION METHOD OF INFORMATION CONTENT TO BE APPLIED FOR THE DEMENTIA

SITUATION AND THE “YUBITSUKYI” SYSTEM

343

concept includes the information theory which gives

the new information contents over the ordinary

information content in the theory of Shannon.

4 THE CONCEPT OF THE NEW

INFORMATION CONTENT

EXPANDED FROM PEIRCE’S

SEMIOTIC

Considering the information process on the Peirce’s

Semiotic, it is estimated that there are various kinds

of information contents different from the

Shannon’s information content. The Shannon’s

information theory uses the probability theory in

which each probability is distributed to such real

events as recognition objects, and the information

content is quantitatively defined considering the

events which are subsets of the whole set of unit

elements and the probabilities given to them and the

logarithm calculation. But from the Peirce’s

Semiotic the objective event understood by the

interpretants and the recognition of their situations

are needed to be introduced into the definition of

information content. That is; the concepts

corresponding with the interpretants of Peirce's

semiotic are not able to be neglected and it must be

involved into the concept of the quantitative

information content. Then an example is proposed.

Of course, although no probability values are used as

the values in the new information theory, but even if

the probability values are adapted to define the

quantitative information content the quantitative

expression of every interpretants can be understood

as the expression of new information theory. In this

case, although the probability value of an event

arising is P(a), when a is an event, in the Shannon’s

information theory, using the quantitative expression

of every interpretants like these probability values

the total probability value P(b

) becomes the

following formula expression example.

Of course as there are considerable the other

formula expressions for the interpretant concepts,

the following formula expression is able to be given

in other some functions. And the other formula

expressions etc will be presented in other papers.

P(b

)= P(b

) P(b

)

Here, P(b

) is the whole probability value and b

is the defined final object event, P(b

) is the

Immediate object probability value and b

is the

defined Immediate object event, P(b

) is the sign

probability value and b

is the defined sign event,

P(b

) is the interpretant probability value and b

the interpretant event. Of course these values and

events must be changed corresponding to the

situations (for instance, the dementia situations etc.)

for them to be discussed. Therefore here the

concepts is proposed which is shown at the

following formula. The each P(b

) , P(b

), P(b

) is

firstly a value of distributed probability, but the

value is not necessarily needed to be fixed value, it

may be a kind of function derived from the model of

object situation (for instance the model of dementia).

That is;

P(b

)=f

) , P(b

)= f

), P(b

)= f

)

here, x

are the characteristic variables in the

object model.

From this fundamental concepts the new

information contents can be derived using the

logarithm calculus. And like this, many other

concepts can be considered on the basis of Peirce’s

Semiotic idea and its interpretant concepts. and the

new information theories are able to be derived for

the object situation. These details will be presented

in other papers.

5 THE CONCLUSION AND

FUTURE TASK

Considering the information process and structure of

the “YUBITSUKYI” system embedded into the Life

Support System and the Peirce’s Semiotic the new

information content and theory can be introduced

into the discussion and an example was able to be

proposed. And the information contents considering

the situation of dementia are discussed on the

backbone of a philosophy and the characters of its

information contents are estimated to be able to be

analysed. After this the function obtained is needed

to be researched more detail and the better functions

for the dementia situation must be derived and the

concrete analysis method of the information contents

is needed to be derived.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank much advices and helps of Mr. K.Yokota

who is a managing director of Japan Ecology limited

company and developed 'YUBITSUKYI', and Ms

A.Itoh who is staff of Japan Ecology limited

company.

ICEIS 2008 - International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems

344

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