SIMPLIFIED RULES BASE OBTAINED WITH LOGIC

MINIMIZATION METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MEASLES

DISEASE REALIZED WITH EXPERT SYSTEMS

Fatih Başçiftçi and Murat Hacımurtazaoğlu

Technical Education Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

Vocational School of Higher Education, Rize University, Rize, Turkey

Keywords: Measles disease, Expert systems, Simplifying logic functions, Base of rules.

Abstract: This paper describes a knowledge based system employing certain expert system rules to detect kind of

measles disease. A rule based expert system is designed for early diagnosis of measles disease. Simplified

rules were used to determine the base of rules. In order to simplify the rules, Boolean simplifying method

was used. Front diagnosis plays an effective role in determining and therapy. Front diagnosis gives an easy

position to the doctors during the therapy and diagnosis. With an expert system that will be applied as an

example before the patient does not come to the doctor, a test will be applied and front information will be

taken from the patient. In this study, a logic system was developed to diagnose the measles and diseases

showing symptoms similar to the measles.

1 INTRODUCTION

Sub acute Scalloping Pan Encephalitis (SSPE) is

caused by variants of wild type Measles Virus (MV).

MV is a contact infection that develops with a

specific virus. It doesn’t have a specific treatment. It

is a disease that makes lung complication and breaks

allergy. (Onul, 1980). MV is common childhood

infectious diseases that can have serious

complications. (Hilleman, 2002, Plotkin, 2001). It

isn’t observed in adults since they transmit the

disease in their childhood. Actually all human beings

are sensitive to this disease. There is no role of race,

gender, age even climate on this disease. Every

person who catches the virus is infected with

measles. (Onul, 1980).

This study introduces an expert system for early

diagnosis of measles disease to detect by the basic

disease symptoms.

2 MATERIALS

Expert Systems (ES), in a specific field and only that

area with information about problems that people

bring in experts as a solution can be described as

computer programs that can bring. Improve the

system to the development of the system is the

person or persons expert in the field of mutual

interests to exchange ideas and information as a

result, the system's knowledge base is inserted in the

proper format. The completed systems, the

knowledge base of information to him by the end

users are used to solve the problem. ES are designed

and created to facilitate tasks in the fields of

accounting, medicine, medical expert (MA), process

control, financial service, production, human

resources etc. Indeed, the foundation of a successful

expert system depends on a series of technical

procedures and development that may be designed by

certain technicians and related experts. (Gary, 2002).

Medical Experts are designed to give expert-level,

problem-specific advice in the areas of: Medical data

interpretation, patient monitoring, disease diagnosis,

treatment selection, prognosis, and patient

management.

Research in medical expert and knowledge-based

systems and the development of such systems has

been most significant to the broad realm of quality

assurance and cost containment in medicine.

As shown in Fig. 1, the proposed ES contains a

knowledge base, an inference engine, and a man-

machine interface. The knowledge base, in turn,

consists of the data base and the rule base. (Hsu,

1991., Ibrahim, Basheer, Jaais and Taib, 2001).

The production rules which are essential for the

341

Ba¸sçiftçi F. and Hacımurtazao

glu M. (2009).

SIMPLIFIED RULES BASE OBTAINED WITH LOGIC MINIMIZATION METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MEASLES DISEASE REALIZED WITH EXPERT

SYSTEMS.

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Software and Data Technologies, pages 341-345

DOI: 10.5220/0002241103410345

 SciTePress

Figure 1: The architecture of the ES for measles.

inference engine to perform deductive reasoning are

stored in the rule base. Rules are expressed as IF –

THEN statements.

IF (premise) THEN (conclusion)

In a rule-based ES, the domain knowledge is

represented as sets of rules that are checked against a

collection of facts or knowledge about the current

situation. When the IF portion of a rule is satisfied by

the facts, the action specified by the THEN portion is

performed. (Ibrahim, Basheer, Jaais and Taib, 2001).

2.1 Symptoms of MV Disease

Symptoms of MV had been given in Table 1 input

cases section.

Special symptoms for MV are: 1) When someone

presses the points, they fade and they are not seen. 2)

Points wrap up all of the body. 3) To appearing

points in body, these points are red and separate with

a strong skin with each other. 4) These occurred

points must be gray- white and must be as big as

head of pin. And its round takes the color of dark red.

5) Temperature change is seen daily. Immediate

temperature decrease, temperature increase and

immediate high temperature can be seen.

Output symptoms for MV had been given in

Table 1 output cases section.

There are some diseases like MV because of

symptoms and specialties. These diseases are;

rubella, variola, cold disease, red skin eruption and

serum illness. With our programme, the MV can be

distinguishing from these similar diseases.

3 METHODOLOGY

In this study, we used to Logic Minimization

Method. Symptoms of disease formed input values of

function. Also, similar diseases and possibilities of

MV formed like output values of function. According

to this information formed a logic function that has

16 input variables (2

=65536 different case) and 8

outputs. In this function, 65536 different cases

evaluated for each one output function. Table 1 show

below input and output values for function.

We have 65536 different output cases for 16

inputs values. If we want to interrogate each 16

inputs value, we must make 65536 different

questions and must ask these questions each patient.

For this we must have much time. So, to interrogate

65536 different case is will be difficult. For this

problem we developed the simplified rules base

obtained with logic minimization method for

diagnosis of measles disease realized with ES.

3.1 Minimization Method

In order to simplify the formed function, Exact Direct

Cover Minimization Algorithm has been developed.

This algorithm is explained in. (Kahramanlı, Güneş,

Şaban and Başçiftçi, 2007., Başçiftçi, 2007.,

Başçiftçi and Kahramanlı, 2007). Exact Direct Cover

Minimization Method algorithm is given in below.

1. Put I=0, C=0, SW=

∅

2. Take out the first minterm from S

set, mark it by

3. Transform one by one all of elements

of S

OFF

. Mark it by Q0,

4. Apply the absorption operation to

Q0. Mark the result by Q1,

5. Coordinate Subtract the set Q1 from

the n dimensional full cube xx...xx.

Where n the number of variables of

Boolean Function. Mark the result by

6. Apply the Great or Less operation to

the elements of S

set. Note that

element

is greater than element

if the set of S

is powerless

than the set of S

7. Save only the most greatness Prime

Implicant (PI),

8. If the result is not single element

then SW=SW

∪

and go to 2

9. If the result is single element then

mark it by Essential Prime Implicant

(EPI), I=I+1, C=C+1,

10. Put S

# EPI, SW=SW # EPI, S

EPI

= S

EPI

∪

EPI

11. If S

≠

∅

then go to 3

12. If SW =

∅

then END else S

= SW

13. If S

∅

and SW

≠

∅

then go to 40

14. go to 1

15.

ICSOFT 2009 - 4th International Conference on Software and Data Technologies

342

Table 1: Input and output values for function.

Input Input Cases Output

Output

Cases

x1 To appear little pink red spots behind ears, forehead and hair bottom. y1 MV

x2 These points are dark red and one by one in first days y2 Primer MB

x3 These points spread all of the body in 24-48 hours. y3 Not MV

These occurred points must be dark red and these must separate with strong skin each

other.

y4 Cold Disease

When any one impress on these points. Their colors must be fade and must not seeing

any spot.

y5 Rubella

These occurred points must be gray- white and must be as big as head of pin. And its

round take the color of dark red.

y6 Red Skin Eruption

The high temperature that has seen at the first day is decrease following day. The day

after this day the temperature decrease immediately.

y7 Variola

x8 Hoarse and strong cough y8 Serum Illness

x9 Seeing hoarse voice.

x10 The patient can not look at the light

x11 Increase the tear of patient. Sometimes these tears take an inflammation position.

x12 Cover of eye swell

x13 Eye conjunctive gets red.

x14 Change of daily temperature.

x15 Tongue is rusty and wet at the first term, İn following terms the tongue is red.

x16 At the end of the illness the body scuffs.

Table 2: Simplification output values for function.

Output

mbols

Output Cases Simplification function

y1 MV disease

x11xxxxxxxxxxxxx 1xx1xxxxxxxxxxxx x1x1xxxxxxxxxxxx xx11xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx11xxxxxxxxxxx

xxx1x1xxxxxxxxxx 0x1x1xxxxxxxxxxx

y2 Primer MV

10x0xxxxxxxxxxxx x100xxxxxxxxxxxx xx001xxxxxxxxxxx x0100xxxxxxxxxxx 000100xxxxxxxxxx

x0x001xxxxxxxxxx 000x001xxxxxxxxx 000x00x11xxxxxxx 000x00x1x1xxxxxx 000x00x1xx1xxxxx

000x00x1xxx1xxxx 000x00x1xxxx1xxx 000x00x1xxxxx11x 000x00xx0x11111x 000x00xxx011111x

000x00xxx01111x1 000x00xx1xx11111 000x00xxx1x11111

y3 Not MV

00000000xxx0xxxx 00000000xxxx0xxx 00000000xxxxx0xx 00000000x1xxxx0x 00000000xx0xxx0x

00000000xx0xxxx0 00000000xxxxxx00 00000000000xxxxx 0000000011xxxxx0 0000000x000000xx

y4 Cold Disease

00000x1xxxxxxxxx 0000x01xxxxxxxxx 00000xx1xxxxxxxx 0000x0x1xxxxxxxx 00000xxx1xxxxxxx

0000x0xx1xxxxxxx 00000xxxxx1xxxxx 000001xxx1xxxxxx 0000x0xxx01xxxxx 00000xxxx1x1xxxx

000000xxx0xxx1xx 000x0000000001xx 00001100000001xx 00000xxxx1xx01xx 00000xxxx1xxx11x

y5 Rubella

1000xxxxxxxxxxxx 1x000xxxxxxxxxxx x00001xxxxxxxxxx 0010000xxxxxxxxx x0001001xxxxxxxx

x000100x1xxxxxxx x000100xx1xxxxxx x000100xxx1xxxxx x000100xxxx1xxxx x000100xxxxx1xxx

y6 Red Skin Eruption 1100xxxxxxxxxxxx 1x00000xxxxxxxxx x100000xxxxxxxxx xx00000000111xxx xx0000000011x1xx

Y7 Variola

1010xxxxxxxxxxxx 10x00xxxxxxxxxxx 01000xxxxxxxxxxx 0000xx1xxxxxxxxx 00001xx1xxxxxxxx

00001xxx1xxxxxxx 00001xxxx1xxxxxx 00001xxxxx1xxxxx 00001xxxxxx1xxxx x0100000xxxxxxxx

000010xxxxxxx1xx 00001xxxxxxxxxxx x0000xx11xxxxxxx x0000xx1x1xxxxxx x0000xx1xx1xxxxx

x0000xx1xxx1xxxx x0000xx1xxxxx1xx 0000xxxxx00x1xxx 0000xxxxx0x01xxx x0x0000011xxxxxx

x0x000001x1xxxxx x0x00000x11xxxxx x0x000001xx1xxxx x0x00000x1x1xxxx x0x000001xxxx1xx

x0x00000xx01x1xx x0x00000xx10x1xx x0x00000x1xx01xx x0x00000xxx0111x x0x00000xxx011x1

Serum

Illness

0000000000x0x0x1 0000000000x0xx01 0000000000xx0x01 0000000000000xx1 00000000000x00x1

00000000000xx001 0000x00000000001

40. CALL BS (Branching Subroutine)

41. go to 3

1. Take out the first minterm from S

set, mark it by

and I=I+1,

2. Transform one by one all of elements

of S

OFF

set. Mark it by Q0,

3. Apply the absorption operation to Q0.

Mark the result by Q1,

4. Coordinate Subtract the set Q1 from

the n dimensional full cube xx...xx.

5. Apply the Great or Less operation to

the elements of S

set.

6. If the result is single element then

mark it by EPI, Otherwise select one

of them and mark it by EPI, C=C+1,

7. Put S

# EPI, S

EPI

= S

EPI

∪

EPI,

8. RETURN

: The set of ON minterms any of that make the

function equal to 1. S

OFF

: The set of OFF minterms

any of that make the function equal to 0,

#: Coordinate Subtraction (Sharp Product) Operation.

4 RESULTS

There are 105 simplified results for 8 output cases.

The cases are showing in Table 2. We used this

simplified rules for to determine the base of rules. In

order to simplify the rules, Boolean simplifying

method was used. So we studied to guess the measles

disease with 105 simplified results.

has 16 input variability and 8 output function with

the developed method, the values in Table 2 have

SIMPLIFIED RULES BASE OBTAINED WITH LOGIC MINIMIZATION METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MEASLES

DISEASE REALIZED WITH EXPERT SYSTEMS

343

Table 3: Disease probabilities for y8 output and have been results.

Output Cases

Symptom and Output Cases

x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 x10 x11 x12 x13 x14 x15 x16

Serum illness

0000000000x0x0x1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 x 0 x 1

Serum illness

00000000000x00x1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 0 x 1

Serum illness

0000000000x0xx01

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 x x 0 1

Serum illness

00000000000xx001

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x 0 0 1

Serum illness

0000000000xx0x01

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x 0 x 0 1

Serum illness

0000x00000000001

0 0 0 0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Serum illness

0000000000000xx1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x 1

been obtained. The mean of 0, 1 and x which shows

like simplification function at Table 2 is; For 0; there

is not symptom of represent disease who is ill person.

For 1; there is symptom of represent disease who

is ill person. For x; it is not importing for symptom of

represent disease who is ill person. For example;

Disease probabilities for y8 output and results have

been given in Table 3.

According to Table 3, the mean of

0000000000x0x0x1 output values; we can say Serum

Illness disease a person which has x16 probabilities

and has not x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, x10,

x12 and x14 probabilities. Example shows one of the

production rule implemented that transformed into

Expert System syntax using the “production rule”

(utilizing IF..THEN statements).

Example: According to Table 3,

The body scuffs Yes, AND To appear little pink red

spots behind ears, forehead and hair bottom No, AND

These points are dark red and one by one in first days

No, AND These points spread all of the body in 24-

48 hours No, AND These occurred points must be

dark red and these must separate with strong skin

each other No, AND When any one impress on these

points. Their colors must be fade and must not seeing

any spot No, AND These occurred points must be

gray- white and must be as big as head of pin. AND

its round takes the color of dark red No, AND The

high temperature that has seen at the first day is

decrease following day. The day after this day the

temperature decrease immediately No, AND Hoarse

and strong cough No, AND Seeing hoarse voice No,

AND The patient can not look at the light No, AND

Cover of eye swell No, AND Change of daily

temperature No

THEN

Most probably you have SERUM ILLNESS. Please

consult your doctor for verification in a short time.

5 CONCLUSIONS

In this study; all the probabilities of the 16 symptoms

which are the general symptoms of MV disease, had

been evaluated and whether there are MV or similar

diseases or not were researched as output. In the

reduction of symptoms, Logic Minimization Method

has been used. By this method, reduced functions for

each output have been obtained. In conclusion, we

thing that use logic minimization method might be

used as a reliable in ascertain to MV to treatment.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work is supported by the Coordinator ship of

Selcuk University’s Scientific Research Projects.

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DISEASE REALIZED WITH EXPERT SYSTEMS

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