![](bg5.png)
sis (Beeman and Bower, 2009) or Neuron (Carnevale
and Hines, 2006), although probably less powerful
in terms of manageable models sizes. (Brette et al.,
2007) As an example, by the very same tool (Netlogo)
it was relatively straightforward to work out simula-
tions as those shown in figures 3 and 4.
- Although still far from conclusive, our results
and, in particular, the similarity of the simulated sig-
nals in figure 4 with the alternating bursts of activities
and ’interictal’ phases, observed in vitro (Panuccio
et al., 2009) and in vivo (Steriade, 2006), represents
an encouraging first step towards the clarification of
neural pathologies by means of relatively simple and
flexible numerical methods.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank all the colleagues from the
CISB InterDept. Center of Sapienza University for
suggestions, discussions and encouragement. AV is
grateful to Lorenzo Rocchi for his help on everyday
EEG practice.
REFERENCES
Beeman, D. and Bower, J. (2009). The GENESIS Simula-
tion System. Web Site. http://genesis-sim.org.
Brette, R., Rudolph, M., Carnevale, T., Hines, M., Beeman,
D., Bower, J., et al. (2007). Simulation of networks
of spiking neurons: a review of tools and strategies. J
Comput Neurosci, 3(23):349–98.
Carnevale, N. and Hines, M. (2006). The NEURON Book.
Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
Colosimo, A. (2008). Biological simulations by au-
tonomous agents: two examples using the NetLogo
environment. Biophysics and Bioengineering Letters,
1(3):40–50.
Flink, R., Pedersen, B., Guekht, A., Malgren, K.,
Michelucci, R., Neville, B., and et al (2002). Guide-
lines for the use of EEG methodology in the diagno-
sis of epilepsy. International League Against Epilepsy:
commission report. Commission on European Affairs:
Subcommission on European Guidelines. Acta Neurol
Scand, (106):1–7.
Hunter, M., Smith, R., Hyslop, W., Rosso, A., Gerlach, R.,
Rostas, J., Williams, D., and Henskens, F. (2005). The
Australian EEG Database. Clinical EEG and neuro-
science, 36(2).
Lauritzen, M. (1994). Pathophysiology of the migraine
aura. The spreading depression theory. Brain,
1(117):199–210.
Leao, A. (1944.). Spreading depression of activity in the
cerebral cortex. J. Neurophysiol, 1(7):359–90.
Lipton, R. and Bigal, M. (2005). The epidemiolgy of mi-
graine. The American Journal of Medicine, 118(Supp
1):3s–10s.
Mathworks (2006). MatLab – The language of technical
computing. Web Site. http://www.mathworks.it/.
Matsumoto, R. and Ajmone-Marsan, C. (1964). Cortical
cellular phenomena in experimental epilepsy: ictal
manifestations. Exp Neurol 1964, (80):305326.
Ottman, R. and Lipton, R. (1996). Is the comorbidity of
epilepsy and migraine due to a shared genetic suscep-
tibility? Neurology, 4(47):918–24.
Panuccio, G., Curia, G., Colosimo, A., Cruccu, G., and
Avoli, M. (2009). Epileptiform synchronization in the
cingulate cortex. Epilepsia, 3(50):521–36.
Pietrobon, D. (2005). Migraine: new molecular mecha-
nisms. Neuroscientist, 4(11):373–86.
Rodgers, J. and Nicewander, W. (1988). Thirteen ways
to look at the correlation coefficient. The American
Statistician, 42(1):59–66.
Rogawski, M. (2008). Common pathophysiologic mech-
anisms in migraine and epilepsy. Arch Neuro,
6(65):709–14.
Russell, S. and Norvig, P. (2005). Artificial Intelligence: a
modern Approach. Prentice Hall International.
Sack, O. (1992). Migraine. Random House Inc.
SAS (2007). SAS - Home page. Web Site.
http://www.jmp.com.
Steriade, M. (2006). Grouping of brain rhythms in corti-
cothalamic systems. Neuroscience, (137):1087–1106.
Syvertsen, M., Helde, G., Stovner, L., and Brodtkorb, E.
(2007). Headaches add to the burden of epilepsy. J
Headache Pain, (8):224–230.
Wilensky, U. (2009). NetLogo - Home page. Web Site.
http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/.
EEG SIGNALS IN EPILEPSY AND MIGRAINE - Analysis and Simulations by Multi-agent Systems
451