DCT BASED BLIND AUDIO WATERMARKING SCHEME

Charfeddine Maha, Elarbi Maher, Koubaa Mohamed, Ben Amar Chokri

2010

Abstract

During these recent years, different digital audio media are available due to internet and audio processing techniques. This is beneficial to our daily life but it brings the problem of ownership protection. As a solution, audio watermarking technique has been quickly developed. It consists of embedding information into digital audio data. This paper proposes an audio watermarking scheme operating in frequency domain using Discrete Cosine transforms (DCT). We take the advantage of hiding the mark in the frequency domain to guarantee robustness. To increase robustness of our schemes, the watermark is refined by the Hamming error correcting code. We study the band used to hide the watermark bits according essentially to the effects of the MP3 compression on the watermarked audio signal. To assure watermark embedding and extraction, we use neural network architecture. Experimental results show that the watermark is imperceptible and the algorithm is robust to many attacks like MP3 compression with several compression rates and various Stirmark attacks. Furthermore, the watermark can be blind extracted without needing the original audio.

References

  1. Al-Haj and Mohammad, (2010). Digital Audio Watermarking Based on the Discrete Wavelets Transform and Singular Value Decomposition. European Journal of Scientific Research Vol.39 pp.6-21
  2. Arnold, M., Wolthusen, S. and Schmucker, (2003). Techniques and applications of digital watermarking and content protection. Artech House. ZwickerE, Fastl H. Psychoacoustics:Facts and models. SpringerVerlag.
  3. Barnett, (1999). Digital watermarking: applications, techniques and challenges, Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal, pp. 173-183.
  4. Bender, Gruhl, Morimoto and Lu, (1996). Techniques for data hiding, IBM Systems Journal, vol35, pp.313-336.
  5. Cox, I., Kilian, J., Leighton, T. and Shamoon, (1997). Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing; 6(12): 1673- 1687.
  6. Cox, I., Miller, M. and Bloom, (2002). Digital Watermarking, USA: Academic Press.
  7. Haykin, (1995). Neural Networks: a comprehensive foundation, Macmillan College Publishing Company, New York, NY, USA.
  8. Hsieh and Tsou, (2002). Blind cepstrum domain audio watermarking based on time energy features. 13th International Conference on Digital signal Processing Proceeding, Greece: Santorini, pp. 705-708.
  9. Katzenbeisser, S.and Petitcloas, (2000). Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking. USA: Artech House.
  10. Laftsidis, Tefas, Nikolaidis and Pitas, (2003). Robust multibit audio watermarking in the temporal domain. ISCAS (2), pp. 933-937.
  11. Lang, Dittmann, Spring and Vielhauer, (2005). Audio Watermark Attacks: From Single to Profile Attacks.
  12. Malik, Khokhar, Rashid and A, (2003). Robust audio watermarking using frequency selective spread spectrum theory, (ICASSP 7803), pp.385-388.
  13. Martin and Burg, (2007). Digital Audio Representation, Comparison of DCT and DFT. Supplement to Chapter 4 of The Science of Digital Media .
  14. Ozer, H., Sankur, B. and Memon, (2005). An SVD-based audio watermarking technique. Proceedings of the Multimedia and Security Workshop, NY, 51-56.
  15. Swanson, M., Zhu, B., Tewfic, A. and Boney, (1998). Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking. Signal Processing; 66(3): 337-355.
  16. Sehirli, M., Gurgen, F. and Ikizoglu. (2004). Performance evaluation of digital audio watermarking techniques designed in time, frequency and cepstrum domains. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Information Systems, 430-440.
  17. Sriyingyong and Attakitmongcol, (2006). Wavelet-Based Audio Watermarking Using Adaptive Tabu Search, Wireless Pervasive Computing, 2006 1st International Symposium on 16-18 an. 2006 Page(s):1 - 5.
  18. Tung and Ling, (1997). Digital watermarking for video, Proceedings 1997 13th International Conference on Digital signal Processing, Vol: 1, pp. 217 -220, 2-3.
  19. Uludag,U., Arslan and L., (2001).Audio watermarking using DC-level shifting. Project report, Bogazici University http://busim.ee.boun.edu.tr/speech/public ations/audio_watermarking/uu_la_audio_wm2001.pdf
  20. W and Hamming, (1950). Error detecting and error correcting codes, Bell Syst. Tech. J.26(2), pp.137-160.
  21. Wang, Ma, Cong, Yin, (2005). An Audio Watermarking Scheme with Neural Network. Advances in Neural Networks-ISNN 2005 Springer.
  22. Wu, S. Q., Huang, J. W., Huang, D. R., Shi and Y, (2004) Selfsynchronized audio watermark in dwt domain, Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 7804), pp.712-715.
  23. Zhiping, Lihua, (2007). A Novel Algorithm for Robust Audio Watermarking Based on Quantification DCT Domain, Third International Conference on International Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, vol.1, pp.441-444.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Maha C., Maher E., Mohamed K. and Amar Chokri B. (2010). DCT BASED BLIND AUDIO WATERMARKING SCHEME . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications - Volume 1: SIGMAP, (ICETE 2010) ISBN 978-989-8425-19-5, pages 139-144. DOI: 10.5220/0002922101390144


in Bibtex Style

@conference{sigmap10,
author={Charfeddine Maha and Elarbi Maher and Koubaa Mohamed and Ben Amar Chokri},
title={DCT BASED BLIND AUDIO WATERMARKING SCHEME},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications - Volume 1: SIGMAP, (ICETE 2010)},
year={2010},
pages={139-144},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0002922101390144},
isbn={978-989-8425-19-5},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications - Volume 1: SIGMAP, (ICETE 2010)
TI - DCT BASED BLIND AUDIO WATERMARKING SCHEME
SN - 978-989-8425-19-5
AU - Maha C.
AU - Maher E.
AU - Mohamed K.
AU - Amar Chokri B.
PY - 2010
SP - 139
EP - 144
DO - 10.5220/0002922101390144