INTELLIGENT MOBILE SAFETY SYSTEM TO EDUCATIONAL

ORGANIZATION

Li-Shan Chen

Department of Information Management, Fortune Institute of Technology

No. 1-10, Nongchang Rd., Daliao Township, Kaohsiung County 83160, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

Keywords Swarm Intelligence, Active Ultra-High Frequency, RFID, Human-Computer-Interface, After-School

Remedial Education.

Abstract This study aims to develop safety system, and let the system become intelligent. We adopt the swarm

intelligence and active Ultra-High Frequency RFID for safety system, and develop friendly

human-computer-interface software for users use the personal digital assistants. We program the system and

software with Extensible Markup Language (XML) and C sharp language. If the users begin to search, the

kernel safety system automatically communicates with other RFID readers by agents, and the agents can

search the closer camera for users. This study’s result has successfully implemented to one educational

organization, and it would be helpful for the paterfamiliases to hold all situations about their children at the

educational organization. That will be great help in the grip of whole after-school remedial education,

teaching and learning situation. We select 100 paterfamiliases to test this system and software. It is revealed

that 93% of the paterfamilias are satisfied with the system (Strongly agree：25/100; Agree：68/100;

Disagree：5/100; Strongly disagree：2/100). The software searching correctness is 95% (Strongly agree：

30/100; Agree：65/100; Disagree：3/100; Strongly disagree：2/100).

1 INTRODUCTION

Technological developments in content-based

analysis of digital video information are undergoing

much progress, with ideas for fully automatic

systems now being proposed and demonstrated

(Hyowon, Alan, Noel, & Barry, 2006). Effective

agent teamwork requires information exchange to

be conducted in a proactive, selective, and

intelligent way (Fan, Wang, Sun, & Yen, 2006).

Self-managing systems (i.e. those that

self-configure, self-protect, self-heal and

self-optimize) are the solution to tackle the high

complexity inherent to these networks (Barco,

Lázaro, Díez, & Wille, 2008) Digital

representations are widely used for audiovisual

content, enabling the creation of large online

repositories of video, allowing access such as video

on demand (Justin & Timothy, 2006). Digital

artifacts created via transformational technologies

often embody implicit knowledge that must be

correctly interpreted to successfully act upon the

artifacts (Leonardi & Bailey, 2008) With continued

advances in communication network technology

and sensing technology, there is astounding growth

in the amount of data produced and made available

through cyberspace (Chen & Liu, 2006). Felfernig

et al., (2009) focus on the first aspect and present an

approach which supports knowledge engineers in

the identification of faults in user interface

descriptions. Chen (2009) adopts the Windows

Media Player along the RTP/RTSP protocol in order

to embed the mobile information system into the

users’ machines (personal digital assistants or smart

phones), and provides a solution (including

hardware solutions) to promote campus safety

management. He also combines the swarm

intelligence and Web Services to transform a

conventional library system into an intelligent

library system having high integrity, usability,

correctness, and reliability software for readers

(Chen, 2008, 2010). L. S. Chen, and S. L. Chen

(2007) built the intelligent system and developed a

knowledge base of the computer-parts. Jannach,

Leopold, Timmerer, and Hellwagner (2006) present

a novel, fully knowledge-based approach for

Chen L. (2010).

INTELLIGENT MOBILE SAFETY SYSTEM TO EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION.

In Proceedings of the International Conference on e-Business, pages 55-62

DOI: 10.5220/0002977900550062

 SciTePress

building such multimedia adaptation services,

addressing the above mentioned issues of openness,

extensibility, and concordance with existing and

upcoming standards.

This study adopts the swarm intelligence and

active Ultra-High Frequency RFID for safety

system, and develop friendly human computer

interface software for users use the personal digital

assistants (PDAs). We program the system and

software with Extensible Markup Language (XML)

and C sharp language. If the users begin to search,

the kernel safety system automatically

communicates with other RFID readers by agents,

and the agents can search the closer camera for

users.

2 RELATED WORK

2.1 For Mobile Communication

Malek and Frank (2006) have focused on

determining a near-optimal collision-free path

because of its importance in robot motion planning,

intelligent transportation systems, and any

autonomous mobile navigation system. A spanning

tree is based on the autoconfiguration of mobile ad

hoc networks and a novel approach for efficient

distributed address autoconfiguration (Li, Cai, &

Xu, 2007). Pavlou, Huigang, and Yajiong (2007)

build upon the principal–agent perspective to

propose a set of four uncertainty mitigating

factors—trust, Web site informativeness, product

diagnosticity, and social presence. A neural network

is trained to learn the correlations and relationships

that exist in a dataset (Kaikhah and Doddament,

2006). Gao and Zhang (2008) have proposed an

effective technique to determine the number and

distribution of equilibria and a new supervised

linear feature extraction technique for multiclass

classification problems particularly suited to the

nearest-neighbor classifier technique (Masip and

Vitria, 2008). Wang and Chen (2008) present a

new method for evaluating students’ answer scripts

using vague values, where the evaluating marks

awarded to the questions in the students’ answer

scripts are represented by vague values. Payne

(2008) examines the Web service paradigm from an

open multiagent system perspective and contrasts

the formally grounded knowledge-centric view of

agents with a pragmatic declarative bottom-up

approach adopted by Web services. The

location-based spatial queries having certain unique

characteristics can be revealed, which traditional

spatial query processing systems employed in

centralized databases do not address (Ku,

Zimmermann, & Wang , 2008). Lee and Wang

(2009) present an ontology-based computational

intelligent multi-agent system for Capability

Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) assessment.

Medium access control protocols have

quality-of-service support—topology-independent

link activation transmission scheduling—for mobile

code-division multiple-access ad hoc networks (Su,

Su, & Li, 2008). The context-aware query

processing system enhances the semantic content of

Web queries using two complementary knowledge

sources: lexicons and ontologies (Storey, Jones,

Sugumaran, & Purao, 2008). Yap, Tan, and Pang

(2008) propose the Explaining BN Inferences (EBI)

procedure for explaining how variables interact to

reach conclusions.

2.2 For RFID Systems

Broekmeulen, and Donselaar (2009) suggest a

replenishment policy for perishable products which

takes into account the age of inventories and which

requires only very simple calculations. Zhou (2009)

takes a different perspective by modeling item-level

information visibility in general. Delgado, Ros, and

Vila (2009) present a system that is able to process

the information provided by a Tagged World to

identify user’s behavior and to produce alarms in

dangerous situations. Abad et al., (2009) present

important advantages regarding conventional

traceability tools and currently used temperature

data loggers such as more memory, reusability, no

human participation, no tag visibility needed for

reading, possibility of reading many tags at the

same time and more resistance to humidity and

environmental conditions. Lee, and Chan (2009)

propose a genetic algorithm to determine such

locations in order to maximize the coverage of

customers. Also, the use of RFID is suggested to

count the quantities of collected items in collection

points and send the signal to the central return

center. Angeles (2009) looks at the perceived ability

of components of IT infrastructure integration and

supply chain process integration to predict specific

radio frequency identification (RFID) system

deployment outcomes exploration, exploitation,

operational efficiency, and market knowledge

creation.

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2.3 For Swarm Intelligence

Tabu search and ant colony perform better for

large-sized problems, whereas simulated annealing

is optimal for small-sized problems and it is

therefore essential that a maintenance scheduling

optimizer can incorporate the options of shortening

the maintenance duration and/or deferring

maintenance tasks in the search for practical

maintenance schedules. Allahverdi and Al-Anzi

(2008) addressed a two-stage assembly flow-shop

scheduling problem with a weighted sum of

makespan and mean completion time criteria,

known as bicriteria. The learners and lecturers agree

that style-based ant colony systems can provide

useful supplementary learning paths (2008). Ant

colony intelligence (ACI) is proposed to be

combined with local agent coordination in order to

make autonomous agents adapt to changing

circumstances, thereby yielding efficient global

performance. This indicates that the ACO algorithm

is an optional compromise strategy between

preferable phase unwrapping precision and

time-consuming computations.

3 METHODOLOGY

This study adopts the active Ultra-High Frequency

RFID and swarm intelligence for safety system, and

develop friendly human computer interface

software for users use the personal computers or

notebooks. The system is developed in the

environment of: Microsoft Windows Server 2008,

Internet Information Services 7.0 (IIS 7.0),

Microsoft Structured Query Language (MS SQL)

Server 2008, and Visual Studio 2008 (VS 2008).

The programming languages are Extensible Markup

Language (XML) and C#.

3.1 RFID System Framework

Figure 1 shows the framework of RFID system.

3.2 Searching Design

The searching path of this study is from (Agents

Generator) to (Reader)

and the distance of

(Agents Generator) to (Reader)

is the closest, as

shown in Figure 2. The searching path begins at

(Agents Generator), and it has two choice. One is

(Reader)

, and the other is (Reader)

. Because the

Figure 1: Framework of RFID system.

Figure 2: Searching Path.

distance of (Agents Generator) to (Reader)

shorter than (Agents Generator) to (Reader)

, the

optimum searching path is (Agents Generator) to

(Reader)

. And so forth, the optimum searching path

is “(Agents Generator) →(Reader)

→(Reader)

→…”. Figure 2 shows the searching

process. This study amends the ant algorithm of

Birattari, Pellegrini, and Dorigo (2007). It can let

the safety system become intelligent and mobility.

The design of the “Agents Generator” is very

important, and it is the kernel technology in this

study. The developing process is described as below.

(Note: The agents are seemed as the ants.)

3.3 Meaning of the Symbols

and Nouns

(a) n: The numbers of RFID readers

(b) m= Σ

k= 1to n

(t): The total agents

(t): The numbers of agents in the (Agents

Generator)

: The distant of (Agents Generator) to

(Reader)

; This study considers that it is

INTELLIGENT MOBILE SAFETY SYSTEM TO EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION

symmetrical; therefore, d

is equal to d

(d) τ

(t): The intensity of pheromone upper edge

(t) =

(t) + Δτ

(1)

This study uses (Eq. 1) to update the

pheromone.

ρ：The parameters of pheromone evaporation

Δτ

= Σ

k=1

to m Δτ

(2)

(e) Δτ

：The kth agent remains pheromone going

through the edge (i, j). It is defined as equation

Q：The influential parameter of the pheromone

： The total length of the route, and the kth

agent goes all over the (Readers)

Δτ

= Q / L

, The Kth agent goes through

edge (i, j) between time point t and (t + t

)

Δτ

= 0, Otherwise

(3)

(f) R：The cycles counter agent goes through all

of the readers, and the R

max

is the upper limit

of R

(g) Tabu

(I): The record of the kth has gone

through the re, anaders the “I “is to mak a visit

to “Ith”reader. It can prevent the agent from

going back to cities already visited.

(h) μ

: The inverse of the distance of (Agents

Generator) to (Reader)

= 1 / d

(4)

(i) P

(t): The probability that kth agent goes

from (Agents Generator) to (Reader)

Set Φ = k ∈ ( n – Tabu

( I ) )

(t) =【τ

(t)】

【

】

【τ

(t)】

【

】

if j ∈ ( n – Tabu

( t ) )

(5)

Otherwise P

(t) = 0 (6)

The

and

are the important controlled

parameters of pheromone information and

3.4 Designing Steps

The designing steps are described below.

Step 1: Set t=0、R= 0 （”t” is the time counter, and

“R” is the cycles counter）For all edge (i, j),

Set τ

(t) = Constant, Δτ

(t) = 0. To put m

agents into n readers

Step 2: Set I=1 (”I” is Tabu list index). For k = 1 to

m (The record of the kth agent is listed in

Tabu

(I) at agents generator.)

Step 3: Set I= I +1. For k = 1 to m (Using equation

5 to decide (Reader)

and moving the kth

agent to (Reader)

recorded in Tabu

(I).)

Step 4: For k = 1 to m do .To move the kth agent

from Tabu

(n) to Tabu

(1) and calculate the

total length of all paths recorded, and update

the shortest path. To calculate each edge (i, j).

For k = 1 to m do. Δτ

i j

=Δτ

+ Δτ

Step 5: By τ

i j

( t + t

) = ρτ

i j

(t) + Δτ

i j

, Calculates τ

i j

( t + t

) for each edge (i, j). Set t = t + t

R = R + 1 for each edge (i, j). Set Δτ

= 0 for

each edge (i, j)

Step 6: If ( R < R

max

) and (No entering in stop

situation) Then clear the entire Tabu list . Go

To Step 2. Else print the shortest path and

stop.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results

The safety system has been successfully developed,

as shown in Figure 3-8. Figure 3 is the “login

frame”, and Figure 4 is “Welcome frame”. There

are eight areas in this system; (1) The left side of

the gate, (2) The right side of the gate, (3) The

eastern side of the house, (4) House Back, (5)

Classroom 1, (6) Classroom 2, (7) Office, (8)

Leisure area, see as Figure 5. Figure 6, Figure 7,

and Figure 8 are searching results. For example, the

user “missyang” logins to the system. The system

will tell her that she has three children in the

educational organization. One is in the classroom 1,

Figure 3: Login Frame.

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Figure 4: Welcome Frame.

Figure 5: Eight area.

another is in the classroom 2, and the other is in the

leisure area. The missyang can push the “Welcome”

key, and enter the choosing frame “Figure 5”. She

can choose and push the g, h, or j to watch her

children's situations.

Figure 6: Searching Results.

Figure 7: Searching Results.

INTELLIGENT MOBILE SAFETY SYSTEM TO EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION

Figure 8: Searching Results.

4.2 Discussion

In this study, we select 100 paterfamiliases to test

this system and software. It is revealed that 74% of

the paterfamilias are satisfied with the system

(Strongly agree：25/100; Agree：68/100; Disagree：

5/100; Strongly disagree：2/100), see as Figure 9

and Figure 10.

The software searching correctness is 95%

(Strongly agree ： 30/100; Agree ： 65/100;

Disagree：3/100; Strongly disagree：2/100), see as

Figure 11 and Figure 12.

Figure 9: Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction.

Figure 10: Detail of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Figure 11: Software searching correctness.

Figure 12: Detail of software searching correctness.

5 CONCLUSIONS

This study aims to developed safety system, and let

the system become intelligent. This study used

artificial intelligence and active Ultra-High

Frequency RFID directly to guide paterfamilias

monitoring their children’s in-time images. Thus, it

could save the paterfamilias’ time on operating the

ICE-B 2010 - International Conference on e-Business

instrument. Even someone who has not the

professional knowledge about information

technology could use them skillfully. This study

also develops friendly human computer interface

software for users use the personal digital assistants.

The size of the software is 22 kilobits; therefore, the

software is not a liability for the users’ tools. This

study has successfully implemented to one

educational organization, and it would be helpful for

the paterfamiliases to hold all situations about their

children at the educational organization. That will

be great help in the grip of whole after-school

remedial education, teaching and learning situation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research is sponsored by Chin-Huo educational

organization. This is gratefully acknowledged.

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