![](bg9.png)
applications, one solution is to use information from
the GPS when the user is outdoors.
Although there is still work to be done to be able
to use this techniques, in a way they can be accurate
with a diverse group of users, and in complex
environments, the tests that we have done so far
indicate that it is a valid approach.
We intend, in the future, to more precisely
evaluate the precision of the algorithm, taking into
account the position correction using the floor plan
graph. We also intend to test more complex
buildings floor plans, and consequently the detection
of footsteps when going up and down a set of stairs,
and the use of escalators and elevators.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work presented here is based on research funded
by the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
(Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation)
through the SFRH/BD/46546/2008 scholarship.
REFERENCES
Pahlavan, K., Li, X., and Mäkelä, J-P., 2002. Indoor
Geolocation Science and Technology. In IEEE
Communications Magazine (February 2002), 112-118.
Jensen, B., Kruse, R., and Wendholt, B., 2009.
Application of Indoor Navigation Technologies under
Practical Conditions. In Proceedings of the 6
th
Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and
Communication (WPNC’09). 267-273.
Beauregard, S., and Haas, H., 2006. Pedestrian Dead
Reckoning: A Basis for Personal Positioning. In
Proceedings of the 3
rd
Workshop on Positioning,
Navigation and Communication (WPNC’06). 27-36.
Carmo, M. B., Afonso, A. P., Pombinho, P., and Vaz, A.,
2008. MoViSys – A Visualization System for Mobile
Devices. In Proceedings of the Visual 2008 – 10
th
International Conference on Visual Information
Systems. 167-178.
Pombinho, P., Carmo, M. B., Afonso, A. P., and Aguiar,
H., 2010. Location and Orientation Based Queries on
Mobile Environments. Proceedings of the Computer
Graphics, Visualization, Computer Vision and Image
Processing 2010 International Conference.
Hiyama, A., Yamashita, J., Kuzuoka, H., Hirota, K., and
Hirose, M., 2005. Position Tracking Using Infra-Red
Signals for Museum Guiding System. In Proceedings
of the Ubiquitous Computing Systems, 2
nd
International Symposium. 49-61.
Lim, A., and Zhang, K., 2006. A Robust RFID-Based
Method for Precise Indoor Positioning. In M. Ali and
R. Dapoigny (Eds.): LNAI 4031, Springer-Verlag.
1189-1199.
Ghiani, G., Paternó, F., Santoro, C., and Spano, L. D.,
2009. A Location-Aware Guide Based on Active
RFID’s in Multi-Device Environments. In Computer-
Aided Design of User Interfaces VI, Springer London.
59-70.
Xu, H., Huang, L., Xu, T., Huo, Y., and Wang, Y., 2009.
Practical Indoor Tracking using Wireless Sensor
Networks. In Proceedings of the 6
th
Workshop on
Positioning, Navigation and Communication
(WPNC’09). 209-215.
Ikeda, T., Inoue, Y., Sashima, A., Yamamoto, K.,
Yamashita, T., and Kurumatani, K., 2008. ComPass
System: An Low Power Wireless Sensor Network
System and its Application to Indoor Positioning. In
Proceedings of the CSTST 2008. 656-662.
Bruns, E., Brombach, B., Zeidler, T., and Bimber, O.,
2007. Enabling Mobile Phones to Support Large-Scale
Museum Guidance. In IEEE Multimedia (April 2007),
Vol. 14 (2). 16-25.
Mautz, R., The Challenges of Indoor Environments and
Specification on Some Alternative Positioning
Systems. 2009. In Proceedings of the 6
th
Workshop on
Positioning, Navigation and Communication
(WPNC’09). 29-36.
Krautschneider, R., 2006. Untersuchungen zur
Leistungsfähigkeit des Messystems Indoor GPS.
Diploma Thesis at the University of Applied Sciences
of Karlshure.
Barnes, J., Rizos, C., Kanli, M., and Pahwa, A., 2005. A
High Accuracy Positioning using Locata’s Next
Generation Technology. In Proceedings of the 18
th
International Technology Meeting of the Satellite
Division of the U.S. Institute of Navigation. 2049-
2056.
Priyantha, N. B., 2006. The Cricket Indoor Location
System. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
Hazas, M., and Hopper, A., 2006. A Novel Broadband
Ultrasonic Location System for Improved Indoor
Positioning. In IEEE Transactions on Mobile
Computing, (May 2006), Vol. 5 (5).
Fukuju, Y., Minami, M., Morikawa, H., and Aoyama. T.,
2003. DOLPHIN: An Autonomous Indoor Positioning
System in Ubiquitous Computing Environment. In
Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Software
Technologies for Future Embedded Systems.
Kalkusch, M., Lidy, T., Knapp, M., Reitmayr, G.,
Kaufmann, H., and Schmalstieg, D., 2002. Structured
Visual Markers for Indoor Pathfinding. In Proceedings
of the 1
st
IEEE International Augmented Reality
Toolkit Workshop.
Bahl, P., and Padmanabhan, V. N., 2000. RADAR: An In-
Building RF-Based User Location and Tracking
System. In Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom 2000,
Vol. 2. 775-784.
Kitasuka, T., Nakanishi, T., and Fukuda, A., 2003.
Wireless LAN Based Indoor Positioning System WiPS
and its Simulation. In Proceedings of the IEEE
PACRIM’03. 272-275.
POINT OF INTEREST AWARENESS USING INDOOR POSITIONING WITH A MOBILE PHONE
13