2.1 Human Characteristics
The main object of research is human-related issues
in industrial design, for example, the characteristic
facts of human body shape, transmission of human
perception, human response characteristics, and the
psychological characteristics during working. The
goal of study is solving how the design of
mechanical equipment, tools, and a variety of
workplaces and other facilities and articles can adapt
human physiological and psychological
characteristics such that it would be possible to
create a safe, comfortable, healthy and efficient
working conditions for the users.
2.2 Overall Design of Man-machine
System
The performance of man-machine system depends
primarily on the overall design. That is, to adapt the
"machine" with the human body as a whole. What
the basic reasons of successfully coordination of
human and machine? The answer is: either man or
machine has their own characteristics, and the
deficiencies of both man and machine in the system
can be complemented by each other. “Machine” has
big power, fast speed, and no fatigue, etc., but
“human” has the wisdom, multiple skills and a very
strong adaptability. If you can do your best to make
up for each other's deficiencies, then the
combination of man and machine will be effective.
Obviously, the basic design problem of the system to
be disposed is the division of work between human
and machine and the effective exchange of
information between the two.
2.3 Design of Workplace and
Information Transmission Devices
Whether workplace design is reasonable will have a
direct impact on human’s productivity. Workplace
design generally including: work space design,
seating design, operating table or console design and
the overall arrangement of the workplace. All these
designs require the application of knowledge and
data from anthropometry and biomechanics. The
purpose of workplace design studies is to ensure that
the physical environment could suit for the
characteristics of the human body and the human
body could work in a healthier position and posture,
so that not only to complete the work efficiently, but
also to feel comfortable and not to fatigue too early.
2.4 Design of Environmental Control
and Safety Protection
Broadly speaking, efficiency studied in ergonomics,
not only refers to the work undertaken to be
completed in the short period, but is not present
harmful health effects in the long term work and to
reduce the risk of accidents to a minimum limits. In
terms of the environmental control requirement, it
should ensure that the common operating
environment such as lighting, microclimate, noise
and vibration conditions suit to the operator’s
demands.
It is the basic task of the designers to protect the
operator from the "pain, illness, injury, or casualty”
caused by work. Thus in the design phase, safety
guards devices are designed as parts of the machine
and the protective devices should directly link into
the machine. In addition, the operator's safety
training before using the machines should be
considered and the individual protection for the
operator during the use needs to be researched.
3 FULLY UNDERSTAND THE
GREEN DESIGN CONCEPT AS
ONE OF THE DEVELOPMENT
TRENDS OF ERGONOMICS
Green Design (GD), is also known as eco-design,
environmental design, life cycle design, or
environmental awareness design. Although the
names are different, but the basic idea is that: the
environmental factors and pollution prevention
measures should be incorporated into products in the
design phase, to take the environmental performance
as product design objectives and the starting point;
and striving to minimize the impact of products to
environment.
What is the so-called green design? That is,
under the guidance of ecological philosophy, and
using ecological thinking, to incorporate the design
of objects into "human, machine, environment"
system, which both considers to meet the needs of
people, and pays attention to the principles of the
ecological environment protection and sustainable
development, and not only realizes social values, but
also protects the natural environment and promotes
the common prosperity of people and the
environment. It is consistent with the requirements
of sustainable development of human society, in line
with the ultimate goal of comprehensive
development of mankind.
Green design is the basis of access to green
products, and has become one of the hot researches
in design areas. The results show that the design
phase determines the 70% to 80% of manufacturing
cost, while the design itself accounts for only 10% of
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