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improve the level of transportation management and
service. In spite of the great progress made, there are
still some crucial problems need to be solved. This
paper focuses on whether the urban transport
realized harmonious development.
2 MUNICIPAL HARMONIOUS
TRANSPORT EVALUATION
SYSTEM
The function of urban transport is providing
necessary conditions for residents travel. Urban
transportation system can be considered as a
complex system which is comprised of three
subsystems: transportation modes, transportation
organization and transportation facilities.
Transportation modes include walking, cycling, bus,
metro, taxi and private car. Transportation facilities
mainly consist of urban road, urban rail and service
facilities such as bus stations, parking facilities,
transportation hubs and illumination facilities.
Transportation organization is the aggregation of
soft measures for traffic problems, including
transportation management measures and policies.
The coordinated development of the three
subsystems is the essential feature of Urban
Harmony Transport. What is more, the three
subsystems interact with economic development
level, environment, resources, technique and
policies. As a consequence, in an urban harmonious
transport system, the simultaneous improvement of
internal subsystems and the external factors is
expected to meet the travel demand as much as
possible.
According to the above analysis, this paper
argues that municipal harmonious transport level
should be evaluated by three aspects: transportation
service level, scientificity of resources allocation,
coordination between transportation and
environment. Considering of the availability of the
data, five indicators include ‘accidents per 10000
motor vehicles (A
1
)’, ‘deaths per 10000 motor
vehicles (A
2
)’, ‘direct economic losses in traffic
accident (A
3
)’, ‘rate of lighting lines (A
4
)’ and
‘number of intersection monitors (A
5
)’ will be used
in evaluating urban transport service level. The
following indicators are set to evaluate the
scientificity of resources allocation: ‘ratio of
transport investment (B
1
)’, ‘ratio of public transport
investment (B
2
)’, ‘ratio of suburban transport
investment (B
3
)’, ‘ratio of suburban public transport
investment (B
4
)’, ‘road density (B
5
)’, ‘area of road
per person (B
6
)’, ‘ratio of urban roads areas (B
7
)’,
‘number of public vehicles per 10000 persons (B
8
)’
and ‘ratio of passengers carried by taxis to that of
public traffic (B
9
)’. In reflecting the coordination
between transportation and environment, we adopt
‘ratio of days have 1
st
or 2
nd
class air quality(C
1
)’,
‘average inhalable particles (C
2
)’, ‘average NO
2
concentration (C
3
)’ and ‘average noises db along
arterial roads (C
4
)’.
3 EVALUATION METHOD AND
MODEL
Based on the evaluation index system stated above,
the tendency of the transport harmony degree of
Beijing from the year of 2001 to 2009 is studied in
this part of the paper.
3.1 Method in Calculating Indicators’
Weight
Entropy method is adopted here to calculate the
weights of evaluation indicators. Entropy is the
measurement of the disorder degree of a system and
it can measure the amount of useful information
with the data provided (Zou, 2006). Calculating the
weights of indicators with entropy method is
scientific and objective. The steps of calculating can
be expressed as follows.
(1) Formation of the evaluation matrix. Suppose
there are m indicators and n evaluation objects, the
evaluation matrix
can be defined as
mnmm
n
n
xxx
xxx
xxx
X
...
............
...
...
21
22221
11211
where x
ij
is the value of the jth evaluation object on
the ith evaluation indicator.
(2) Standardization of the original evaluation matrix.
Because of the difference in the meanings,
dimensions and criterions of evaluation indicators,
the data need to be pre-processed to transfer into
comparable sequence, which is called
standardization. The origin evaluation matrix
ij
mn
Xx
can be translated into
ij
mn
Rr
, where
01
ij
r ,
.
If the value of the indicator is the larger the better,
then the data should be standardized by the formula
APPRAISAL OF URBAN HARMONIOUS TRANSPORT
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