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infection. The penetration of the photosensitizer
solution into the bacterial biofilm is decreased in
comparison to the suspensions of bacteria used in in
vitro studies. Therefore, to enhance the effectiveness
of PACT, the development of novel delivery and
targeting approaches may be required. One strategy
to improve the targeting was proposed by Bhatti et
al. (2000). The authors used a conjugate of TBO and
murine monoclonal antibody (Ab-TBO) to
specifically target P. gingivalis in the presence of S.
sanguis or human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in
vitro. It was demonstrated that with the use of Ab-
TBO conjugate a high selectivity and efficiency in
the killing of P. gingivalis can be achieved. Such an
approach could enable the killing of important
periopathogens without collateral damage either to
host tissues or to the normal oral microflora.
3 CONCLUSIONS
PDT and PACT are non-invasive, relatively
inexpensive, painless to the patient with little or no
side-effects. The outcomes of presented in vitro and
in vivo studies are very promising. However, more
research is still needed in this field for optimizing
the protocol of clinical application, improving
specific targeting of tumor cells and bacteria and
introducing new groups of photosensitizers.
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