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screen;
Standard PC.
The commander is capable to control the 3D
environment by the body movements. Before first
use the system should be calibrated according to his
physique and its initial position (IP). Then he can
immediately control the 3D environment.
Movements from the IP means that camera in 3D
environment is moving in the corresponding
direction. The commander’s right hand controls
camera viewing direction (it replaces computer
mouse operation in 3D environment). The
commander’s left hand controls levels of details in
the scene. When the commander points the left hand
down, 3D environment immediately increase the
level of details in the scene and camera moves closer
to the terrain. If the commander points the left hand
up, 3D environment decreases the level of details
and the distance between camera and terrain
increases. Commander 3D workstation with Kinect
is shown on the Figure 4.
Figure 4: Commander 3D workstation with Kinect.
4 COMMANDER DECISION
MAKING PROCES
Commander decision making process is divided into
two main parts:
Operation planning;
Operation control.
During operation planning the commander and
its staff is dealing with possible variations of task,
maneuver, activity, etc. In the briefing time the
commander and his staff use the COP to clarify their
intention in accordance to geographical 3D data. The
time interval in which the consensus must be done
can be essential. The result of planning process is a
complete documentation for operation (for example
operation order- OPORD).
During the operation control the commander
commands and controls the inferior units to achieve
the created plan. It is a real time process and COP
must correspond with the real situation on the
battlefield. During the battle operation the COP
changes so the commander must correlate the plan
based on the discussion with its staff. Time interval
in which the consensus must be done is crucial.
In both cases decreasing the time interval to get
the consensus is one of the main goals with respect
not to decrease the quality of the decision making
process.
5 EXPERIMENT
In our experiment we wanted to reveal if Kinect
sensor implementation, it means gesture and body
movement recognition of commander that is
controlling the 3D environment (COP), can decrease
the time for making the consensus.
Our experiment was divided into two parts
according to two parts of decision making process
where the COP is used: operation planning and
operation control. In both parts two groups of 5
military students were employed. The one of the
student in each group (G1, G2) was the commander
and the rest was its staff.
In planning operation experiment two groups got
the same task to generate operation order for attack
of a company into defense position of one enemy
platoon in two scenarios. In the first scenario –S1
first group- G1 could use Kinect to control 3D COP,
the other one – G2 couldn’t. Second scenario –S2
was conducted in the opposite way and in a different
terrain. G1 couldn’t use Kinect and G2 could use
Kinect to generate the operation order. The Table 1
shows results of overall time needed to generate
OPORD.
Table 1: Planning operation experiment results.
Scenario S1 S2
Group G1 G2 G1 G2
Kinect X X
time[s] 1750 1920 1720 1640
In the operation control experiment the
interconnection between constructive simulator (VR
Forces) and the Czech Army C2 system was
implemented. The VR Forces was set up by
scenarios – S1 a S2 from the operation planning. VR
Forces fed C2 system with scenario and the “real –
time” operation was modeled in VR Forces and COP
GestureandBodyMovementRecognitionintheMilitaryDecisionSupportSystem
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