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4.4 CCD Level 3 Documents
Storing CCD Level 3 documents into the CDD-
ontology requires that they are first transformed (by
an XSLT-based style sheet engine (Harold and
Scott, 2002) into RDF/XML format that is compliant
with the CDD-ontology. The transformation requires
that we have to define a stylesheet for each type of
CDD document (Figure 15).
Reconstructing the content of original documents
(or representing queries) by RQL and SPARQL on
the CDD-ontology is rather easy. For example, in
RQL to retrieve all instances of the class
BloodPressureEvent (i.e., all measured blood
pressures) we only have to write
“BloodPressureEvent”. However, the physicians do
not have to be familiarized with query languages in
order to retrieve data from the CDD-ontology as
user-friendly interfaces can be easily developed.
5 CONCLUSIONS
The Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is
proven to be a valuable and powerful standard for a
structured exchange of clinical documents between
healthcare information systems.
What is still missing is the conceptual model of
patient’s health data. Without a conceptual schema
we can neither query health data nor can we store
health data in a way which allows data centric
queries, and therefore we have focused on this
problem. We have shown how the integration can be
carried out by exploiting XML-enabled relational
databases if the CCD documents are based on the
CDA Level 2. Further, we have shown how
ontology-based integration can be carried out if the
CCD documents are based on the CDA Level 3. Still
an open problem is how to integrate CCD Level 2
and CCD Level 3 documents among themselves.
This is an issue of our future work.
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