A Comprehensive Framework for Semantic Annotation of Web Content

Manuel Fiorelli, Maria Teresa Pazienza, Armando Stellato

2013

Abstract

Studies on Semantic Annotation reveal how trying to match heterogeneous requirements leads to divergent methodologies, models and processes for annotation management and exchange. Community efforts towards the development of shared solutions are important to reduce the “entropy” of the field; nonetheless, any agreement on the ultimate annotation system is unlikely to be achieved. We propose a solution to this problem by defining a comprehensive framework, unbound to any specific design/annotation model, and instantiable into concrete system implementations, to meet different requirements. Towards this goal, we commit to fairly general assumptions, valid across disparate systems and not excessively constraining. Firstly, most systems deal with combined management of ontologies and Web content. Secondly, these systems can be described through a common behavioural model, in terms of an assignment of handlers to predetermined events. This behavioural model can be then enriched through progressive levels of specification, thus fostering a convention-over-configuration approach in detailing its characteristics. Then, recurring design fragments can be identified, in order to provide abstractions and specifications for the definition of concrete handlers.

References

  1. Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J. A. & Lassila, O., 2001. The Semantic Web: A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities. Scientific American, 279(5), pp.34-43.
  2. Caracciolo, C. et al., 2012. Thesaurus Maintenance, Alignment and Publication as Linked Data - The AGROVOC Use Case. International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies (IJMSO), 14 August, 7(1), pp. 65-75.
  3. Ciccarese, P., Ocana, M. & Clark, T., 2012. Open semantic annotation of scientific publications using DOMEO. Journal of Biomedical Semantics, Volume 3, pp. 1-14.
  4. Ciccarese, P. et al., 2011. An open annotation ontology for science on web 3.0. Journal of Biomedical Semantics, Volume 2, pp. 1-24.
  5. DeRose, S. et al., 2002. XML Pointer Language (XPointer). [Online] Available at: http:// www.w3.org/TR/xptr/
  6. Fallucchi, F. et al., 2008. Semantic Bookmarking and Search in the Earth Observation. s.l., Springer, pp. 260-268.
  7. Fiorelli, M. et al., 2010. Computer-aided Ontology Development: an integrated environment. La Valletta, Malta, s.n.
  8. Heath, T., 2009. Linked Data? Web of Data? Semantic Web? WTF?, s.l.: s.n.
  9. Heath, T. & Bizer, C., 2011. Linked data: Evolving the web into a global data space. Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology, 1(1), pp. 1- 136.
  10. Hodge, G., 2000. Systems of Knowledge Organization for Digital Libraries: Beyond Traditional Authority Files. Washington, DC: Council on Library and Information Resources.
  11. Kahan, J. & Koivunen, M.-R., 2001. Annotea: an open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations. Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ACM, pp. 623-632.
  12. Kiryakov, A. et al., 2004. Semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval. Web Semant., #dec#, 2(1), pp. 49-79.
  13. Ma, Y., Lévy, F. & Ghimire, S., 2011. Reasoning with Annotations of Texts. s.l., s.n.
  14. Payne, T. R. & Lassila, O., 2004. Semantic web services. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 19(1), pp. 14-15.
  15. Pazienza, M. T., Scarpato, N. & Stellato, A., 2009. STIA: Experience of Semantic Annotation in Jurisprudence Domain. s.l., IOS Press, pp. 156-161.
  16. Pazienza, M. T., Scarpato, N., Stellato, A. & Turbati, A., 2012. Semantic Turkey: A Browser-Integrated Environment for Knowledge Acquisition and Management. Semantic Web Journal, 3(3), pp. 279-292.
  17. Pazienza, M. T. et al., 2012. An Architecture for Data and Knowledge Acquisition for the Semantic Web: The AGROVOC Use Case. In: P. Herrero, H. Panetto, R. Meersman & T. Dillon, eds. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops. s.l.:Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 426-433.
  18. Popov, B. et al., 2003. KIM Semantic Annotation Platform. Florida, USA, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 834-849.
  19. Prud'hommeaux, E. & Seaborne, A., 2008. SPARQL Query Language for RDF. [Online] Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/
  20. Sanderson, R. & Van de Sompel, H., 2010. Making web annotations persistent over time. New York, NY, USA, ACM, pp. 1-10.
  21. Staab, S., Maedche, A. & Handschuh, S., 2000. Creating Metadata for the Semantic Web-An Annotation Environment and the Human Factor, s.l.: s.n.
  22. Uren, V. et al., 2006. Semantic annotation for knowledge management: requirements and a survey of the state of the art. Journal of Web Semantics, 4(1), pp. 14-28.
  23. W3C, 2004. Resource Description Framework (RDF). [Online] Available at: http://www.w3.org/RDF/
  24. W3C, 2009. SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference. [Online] Available at: http://www. w3.org/TR/skos-reference/[Accessed 22 March 2011].
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Fiorelli M., Pazienza M. and Stellato A. (2013). A Comprehensive Framework for Semantic Annotation of Web Content . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development - Volume 1: KEOD, (IC3K 2013) ISBN 978-989-8565-81-5, pages 245-252. DOI: 10.5220/0004545702450252


in Bibtex Style

@conference{keod13,
author={Manuel Fiorelli and Maria Teresa Pazienza and Armando Stellato},
title={A Comprehensive Framework for Semantic Annotation of Web Content},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development - Volume 1: KEOD, (IC3K 2013)},
year={2013},
pages={245-252},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0004545702450252},
isbn={978-989-8565-81-5},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development - Volume 1: KEOD, (IC3K 2013)
TI - A Comprehensive Framework for Semantic Annotation of Web Content
SN - 978-989-8565-81-5
AU - Fiorelli M.
AU - Pazienza M.
AU - Stellato A.
PY - 2013
SP - 245
EP - 252
DO - 10.5220/0004545702450252