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with initial/original TDM subscribers. The
exchange of the TDM ONU is necessary.
Information can be found in (Róka, 2014).
In the third case, a scope is to create a
modular network and to enable service
provisioning for more than 1000
subscribers at distances up to 100 km using
the SARDANA (Scalable Advanced Ring-
based passive Dense Access Network
Architecture) design (Kazovsky, 2011;
Lazaro, 2008). It is considered a remote
pumped amplification using Erbium Doped
Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) principles and a
utilization of the colorless ONU units at
subscriber side. Also, the backward
compatibility with existing 1G-PON
networks and a support for standardized
10G-PON networks are considered with
100-1000 Mbit/s transmission rates per one
subscriber. The PON fiber topology is
creating by two main parts – the WDM ring
with the central office and remote nodes,
TDM trees connected to particular remote
nodes. The WDM ring consists of two
optical fibers – one per direction. A key
element of the network is the RN. Used
ONU units are colorless; they don’t contain
any optical source. Transmitting from the
ONU is based on the Reflective
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA)
by means of the re-modulation of received
signals. The SARDANA network allows
connecting a large number of subscribers
either on smaller distance in populous
urban areas or in larger geographical areas
with small population. Information can be
found in (Róka, 2014).
In the fourth case, the Long Reach Passive
Optical Network (LR-PON) architecture
utilizes active components in an outside
plant (Prat, 2009). A network reach can be
extended up to 100 km and can be utilized
various type of optical amplifiers – EDFA,
RAMAN, SOA. A network attenuation
depends on a type of optical fibers, on a
selected TDM network, on a number of
connected subscribers and on a distance
OLT–ONU.
In this paper, analysis of possible exploitation
for only Long Reach Passive Optical Networks is
presented. Also, effective utilization of the LR-PON
for various higher layers of the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model is examined and
verified. Analysis of other hybrid passive optical
networks using the HPON Network Configurator
can be found in (Róka, 2013).
2 THE SIMULATION
ENVIRONMENT FOR HPON
NETWORKS
Our simulation model for comparing possible
exploitations of various scenarios in real access
networks is created by using the Microsoft Visual
Studio 2008 software in the IDE development
environment (Róka, 2011, 2012, 2013). There exist
possibilities for the graphical interface created by
using the Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) library
for the C++ programming language. The simulation
model has one main dialogue window for simulating
a transition from TDM-PON to HPON networks. It
allows comparing principal approaches for
configuring of hybrid passive optical networks. A
cut-out from the main window of the HPON
Network Configurator is shown on Fig. 1.
The HPON simulation environment is working
in several steps:
1. Setting parameters of the optical fiber – a
type of the optical fiber (according to the
ITU-T), the DWDM multiplexing density.
2. Evaluating optical fibers – standard or
inserted specific attenuation values in
[dB/km], a calculation of numbers of
CWDM and DWDM carrier wavelengths.
3. Inserting input parameters of the TDM-
PON network - a number of TDM
networks, a type of the network, a number
of subscribers per one network, a distance
between the ONT and the OLT.
4. Evaluating input parameters – a calculation
of the total transmission capacity of the
TDM network together with the average
capacity per one subscriber, the total
number of subscribers and the maximum
attenuation of the TDM network; also, the
attenuation class is presented. This step is
terminating with the selection of detailed
hybrid PON configuration design.
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