![](bg8.png)
tained by the modified DCT-SVD hashing algorithm
is considered as a salt value in KDF to derive a stable
subkey in conjunction with ECC for each horizontal
and vertical image block. The derived subkey is uti-
lized as a random seed for each corresponding block
during HOG feature computation. In such a way, the
proposed method can improve the discriminability by
producing a different subkey that will generate a to-
tally different HOG feature descriptor for the manip-
ulated block. Additionally, the security property of
the proposed method mainly relies on the randomness
introduced by IIRT, random re-partitioning, and bit-
level permutation. The use of KDF also helps to pro-
vide better security by deriving a subkey from the im-
age content and utilizing it as a secret key for each im-
age instead of reusing the same master secret key for
all the images. Thus, it can prevent an attacker from
estimating the secret key based on the large number
of image and corresponding hash value pairs.
Based on the experimental results, it is observed
that the proposed method can successfully distin-
guish the malicious manipulations from the content
preserving modifications while still having good
robustness against a certain level of distortions
caused by acceptable modifications. By comparing
with two representative methods in the literature, this
paper presents that the proposed method outperforms
them with respect to discriminability and security.
More importantly, an excellent tamper localization
capability is demonstrated as well.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was funded by the German Research Foun-
dation (DFG) as part of the research training group
GRK 1564 ‘Image New Modalities’.
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