Adaptation and Validation of Behavioral Regulation in Exercise
Questionnaire - 2 for Use with Brazilian Adolescents
Maick da Silveira Viana and Alexandro Andrade
College of Health and Sport Science – Cefid, Santa Catarina State University, UDESC, Pascoal Simone,
Florianópolis SC., Brazil
Keywords: Motivation, Validation, Psychometrics, Physical Exercises, Adolescent.
Abstract: The aim of this research is to adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the Behavioral Regulation in
Exercise Questionnaire - 2 (BREQ - 2) for use with Brazilian adolescents. Was counted with the
participation of 487 adolescent students (13-18 years) of both sexes, high school students from public
schools in the Greater Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. We conclude that the Brazilian version of the
BREQ - 2 is clear and valid, but the use of different factor structure of the original version of the scale is
recommended, as indicated by the results.
1 INTRODUCTION
Although Self-Determination Theory is highlighted
in studies covering the motivation for physical
activity (Teixeira et al., 2012), in Brazil it has still
been little explored (Silva et al., 2012). This lack of
studies, partly due to the lack of well validated
instruments for Brazilian populations, making
research in this field does not follow international
developments. It is believed that the instrument
validation is a key point for the development of
national research interested in the study of
motivation for physical activity.
Considering the importance of knowledge about
the motivation of adolescents with physical
exercises and the lack of national instruments to
assess this construct, the objective of this study was
to adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the
Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire - 2
(Markland, Tobin, 2004; Palmeira et al., 2007) for
use with Brazilian adolescents.
2 METHOD
Was counted with the participation of 487
adolescent students (13-18 years) of both sexes, high
school students from public schools in the Greater
Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Based upon
the Theory of Self-Determination, the BREQ - 2
aims to evaluate the different motivational, internal
and external regulations, as well as amotivation
related to exercise. The questionnaire consists of 19
Likert subscales, which are divided into five
constructs: amotivation, external regulation,
introjected regulation, identified regulation and
intrinsic motivation. Held adaptation to Brazilian
Portuguese, evaluation of clarity, factor analysis
(principal component analysis) and internal
consistency (Cronbach's alpha).
3 RESULTS
About the clarity of the questionnaire items,
evaluated with the participation of 87 students, 93%
concordance hear about the "clear" option. In less
than 3% of cases there was indication of an item as
"confusing". Factor analysis indicated the existence
of five factors that explained 58.62 % of the total
variance of the instrument. None of the items was
considering that only one item had significant load
on the factor of five, and that this same item had
significant saturation in one factor, it was decided to
disregard the factor of five. The other constructs
identified through factor analysis and variance
explained (%) by the factor: intrinsic regulations (7
items - 26.66%), amotivation (four items - 12.92 %),
introjected regulation (four items - 7, 21%), external
regulation (four items - 6.47 %). The Cronbach's
Viana M. and Andrade A..
Adaptation and Validation of Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire - 2 for Use with Brazilian Adolescents.
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 2014 SCITEPRESS (Science and Technology Publications, Lda.)

alphas of the different scales ranged from 0.79
(identified regulations) to 0.64 (external regulation).
About the clarity of the questionnaire items,
evaluated with the participation of 87 students, 93%
concordance hear about the "clear" option. In less
than 3% of cases there was indication of an item as
"confusing". Factor analysis indicated the existence
of five factors that explained 58.62 % of the total
variance of the instrument. None of the items was
considering that only one item had significant load
on the factor of five, and that this same item had
significant saturation in one factor, it was decided to
disregard the factor of five. The other constructs
identified through factor analysis and variance
explained (%) by the factor: intrinsic regulations (7
items - 26.66%), amotivation (four items - 12.92 %),
introjected regulation (four items - 7, 21%), external
regulation (four items - 6.47 %). The Cronbach's
alphas of the different scales ranged from 0.79
(identified regulations) to 0.64 (external regulation).
4 CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the Brazilian version of the BREQ
- 2 is clear and valid, but the use of different factor
structure of the original version of the scale is
recommended, as indicated by the results.
REFERENCES
Teixeira, P. J. et al., 2012. Exercise, physical activity, and
self-determination theory: A systematic review.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and
Physical Activity, 9(78), 01-30.
Silva, R. B. et al., 2012. Relação da prática de exercícios
físicos e fatores associados às regulações
motivacionais de adolescentes brasileiros.
Motricidade, 8(2), 8-21, 2012.
Markland, D., Tobin, V., 2004. A modification to the
Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire to
include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport
& Exercise Psychology, 26(2), 191-196.
Palmeira, A. et al., 2007. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of
the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire
– Portuguese Version. European Congress of Sport
Psychology.