Blended Learning Training for Mentors of STEM Team Competitions
Sharon Locke, Susan Thomas, Stephen Marlette, Georgia Bracey, Gary Mayer, Jerry Weinberg, Janet Holt, Bradford White
2015
Abstract
This paper describes the findings of a research study of a blended-learning approach to train mentors of teams in the BotballĀ® Educational Robotics Program. Botball is an international team-based robotics competition for secondary students designed to build skills in computer programming, robotics, teamwork, and problem solving. For this study, we recruited new teams comprising 8-10 middle school students per team and a mentor. Teams were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups or a control group. Mentors of teams in the experimental groups received training in one of three types of mentor practices: best practices, mentoring for self-efficacy, or a combination of best practices and self-efficacy. The training format consisted of web-based self-paced tutorials, a face-to-face workshop, and webinars. Dependent variables were student post-test scores on three assessments: Efficacy for Science-Related Jobs, STEM Achievement-Related Choices, and STEM Self-Efficacy. A priori statistical analyses showed no difference between the groups; however, post hoc analyses showed that the use of self-efficacy techniques was positively related to the three dependent measures. Post-competition surveys of mentor practices indicated that students in the treatment groups did not appear to receive distinctly different treatments, revealing some of the potential challenges of the blended learning approach for professional development of teachermentors.
References
- Alvarez, C. A., Edwards, D., and Harris, B., 2010. STEM specialty programs: A pathway for under-represented students into STEM fields. NCSSSMST Journal, 16(1), pp.27-29.
- Ausburn, L.J., 2004. Course design elements most valued by adult learners in a blended online learning environment: An American perspective. Educational Media International, 41(4), pp.327-337.
- Bandura, A., 1977. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review, 84(2), pp.191-215.
- Bandura, A., 1997. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Freeman. New York.
- Berger, H., Eylon, B.S., and Bagno, E., 2008. Professional development of physics teachers in an evidence-based blended learning program. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 17(4), pp.399-409.
- Bliuc, A.-M., Goodyear, P. and Ellis, R.A., 2007. Research focus and methodological choices in studies into students' experiences of blended learning in higher education. Internet and Higher Education, 10, pp.231-244.
- Bonk, C.J., and Graham, C.R., 2006. The Handbook of Blended Learning. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.
- Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the terrain. Educational Researcher, 33(8), pp.3-15.
- Dabney, K.P., Tai, R.H., Almarode, J.T., MillerFriedmann, J.L., Sonnert, G., Sadler, P.M., and Hazari, Z., 2012. Out-of-school time science activities and their association with career interest in STEM. International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 2(1), pp.63-79.
- Dziuban, C., Hartman, J., Juge, F., Moskal, P., and Sorg, S., 2006. Blended learning enters the mainstream. In C.J. Bonk and C. Graham (Eds.) The Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs, pp.195-206.
- Eshtehardi, R., 2014. Pro-ELT; A teacher training blended approach. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 5(5), pp.106-110.
- Garrison, D.R. and Kanuka, H., 2004. Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), pp.95- 105.
- Garrison, D.R. and Arbaugh, J.B., 2007. Researching the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(3), pp.157-172.
- Garrison, D.R. and Vaughan, N.D., 2008. Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines. John Wiley and Sons.
- Ho, V.T., Nakamori, Y., Ho, T.B., and Lim, C.P., 2014. Blended learning model on hands-on approach for inservice secondary school teachers: Combination of Elearning and face-to-face discussion. Education and Information Technologies, pp.1-24.
- Laurillard, D., 2014. Thinking about blended learning: A paper for the Thinkers in Residence programme. Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts. Available at http://ethicalforum2013.fuus.be/sites/ default/files/DP_BlendedLearning_Thinkingabout_0.pdf.
- Loucks-Horsley, S., Stiles, K.E., Mundry, S., Love, N., and Hewson, P.W., 2009. Designing Professional Development for Teachers of Science and Mathematics. Corwin Press.
- Matzat, U., 2013. Do blended virtual learning communities enhance teachers' professional development more than purely virtual ones? A large scale empirical comparison. Computers and Education, 60(1), pp.40-51.
- Owston, R. D., Garrison, D. R., and Cook, K., 2006. Blended learning at Canadian universities: Issues and practices. In C.J. Bonk and C. Graham (Eds.) The Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs, pp.338-350.
- Owston, R., Sinclair, M., and Wideman, H., 2008. Blended learning for professional development: An evaluation of a program for middle school mathematics and science teachers. The Teachers College Record, 110(5), pp.1033-1064.
- Owston, R., Wideman, H., Murphy, J., and Lupshenyuk, D., 2008. Blended teacher professional development: A synthesis of three program evaluations. The Internet and Higher Education, 11(3), pp.201-210.
- Rittmayer, A.D. and Beier, M.E., 2008. Overview: Selfefficacy in STEM, SWE-AWE CASEE Overviews, pp.1-12.
- Sahin, A., 2013. STEM clubs and science fair competitions: Effects on post-secondary matriculation. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 14(1), pp.7-13.
- Tuckman, B.W., 1965. Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63, pp.384-399.
- Weinberg, J.B, Pettibone, J.C., Thomas, S.L., Stephen, M.L. and Stein, C., 2007. The impact of robot projects on girls' attitudes toward science and engineering. Robotics Science and Systems (RSS) Workshop on Research in Robots for Education, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, June 30, 2007. Available at http://www.roboteducation.org/rss2007/
- Wenger, E., McDermott, R.A., and Snyder, W., 2002. Cultivating Communities of Practice: A Guide to Managing Knowledge. Harvard Business Press.
- Zhao, Y. and Rop, S., 2001. A critical review of the literature on electronic networks as reflective discourse communities for inservice teachers. Education and Information Technologies, 6(2), pp.81- 94.
- Ziegler, M., Paulus, T., and Woodside, M., 2006. Creating a climate of engagement in a blended learning environment. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 17(3), pp.295-318.
Paper Citation
in Harvard Style
Locke S., Thomas S., Marlette S., Bracey G., Mayer G., Weinberg J., Holt J. and White B. (2015). Blended Learning Training for Mentors of STEM Team Competitions . In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Supported Education - Volume 2: CSEDU, ISBN 978-989-758-108-3, pages 331-337. DOI: 10.5220/0005487003310337
in Bibtex Style
@conference{csedu15,
author={Sharon Locke and Susan Thomas and Stephen Marlette and Georgia Bracey and Gary Mayer and Jerry Weinberg and Janet Holt and Bradford White},
title={Blended Learning Training for Mentors of STEM Team Competitions},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Supported Education - Volume 2: CSEDU,},
year={2015},
pages={331-337},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0005487003310337},
isbn={978-989-758-108-3},
}
in EndNote Style
TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Supported Education - Volume 2: CSEDU,
TI - Blended Learning Training for Mentors of STEM Team Competitions
SN - 978-989-758-108-3
AU - Locke S.
AU - Thomas S.
AU - Marlette S.
AU - Bracey G.
AU - Mayer G.
AU - Weinberg J.
AU - Holt J.
AU - White B.
PY - 2015
SP - 331
EP - 337
DO - 10.5220/0005487003310337