Diversified Development of Higher Education and Its Resource
Allocation and Cultivation
Peng Bo
School of Education of Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
Keywords: Higher education, Diversification, Resources Allocation, Resources Cultivation.
Abstract: With increasingly further reform of higher education, the trend of diversity is becoming evident, bringing
significantly unfair and imbalanced allocation of higher education resource. The work analyzed the
diversified development trend of higher education, researching on solutions of irrational allocation of
educational resources. The method that higher education resource should be allocated by government and
market together was proposed, with some suggestions on resources allocation in all aspects of higher
education. Thus, the demand of growing economic and social development for higher education can be
satisfied, promoting balanced development of higher education reform.
1 INTRODUCTION
Higher education diversification is mainly reflected
in diversification of structure, school-running
system, and quality standards. The demand for
college talents directly result in diversification of
various private universities and tertiary colleges.
Most of junior or third-grade colleges cannot reach
basic requirements of colleges and universities in
teaching quality. They are established to meet the
basic demands for a university degree, charging high
tuition. These private higher institutions also become
ways for seeking interests for some people. With the
emergence of private institutions, there are more
institutions of higher learning in the society. In
recent years, China has increased investment in
university education, while the funds cannot meet
the basic needs of all institutions with the rising
number of colleges and universities. Meanwhile, it
presents imbalance of funding and resource
allocation. For example, schools in Beijing have
received much more funding than those in other
regions. This imbalance further hinders the
development of colleges and universities, which is
not conducive to the cultivation of talents.
2 DEVELOPMENT TREND OF
DIVERSIFICATION IN HIGHER
EDUCATION
In recent years, the demand for talent is growing
with the continual development of economy and
improving level of social development in China. The
cultivation of talents is mainly conducted in
universities; thus more attention from government
was paid to the development of colleges and
universities. The reform in college education is in
progress to better take advantage of talents training,
indicating obvious trend of diversification in higher
education.
2.1 Causes of Diversification in
Development of Higher Education
2.1.1 Conforming with the World Trend of
Development in Higher Education
After World War II, the world's population and
economy have undergone a rapid development and
growth, in which higher education developed with
fast speed. Especially in economically developed
countries, the importance of higher education to
economic development was realized, implementing
popular education to make more people be educated.
With development of economy, the formal sense of
original higher education system could not satisfy
the social needs, so higher education began to
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274
Bo P.
Diversified Development of Higher Education and Its Resource Allocation and Cultivation.
DOI: 10.5220/0006024102740278
In Proceedings of the Information Science and Management Engineering III (ISME 2015), pages 274-278
ISBN: 978-989-758-163-2
Copyright
c
 2015 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

develop toward the direction of diversification. This
trend becomes obvious with the economic
development and improvement of technological
level, which better meets the demands of society.
2.1.2 Influence of Education Situation of
China
Traditional higher education of China has been
implementing a unified philosophy of education:
uniform school-running requirements, management,
training mode of talent training, and united
evaluation standards. However, with the
development of market economy, the unified model
of higher education cannot flexibly adapt to changes
of market mechanisms, losing the vitality of
development, thus leading to constant emergence of
shortcomings. This unified model can benefit
government’s management, while it goes against
universities, students, and the demand of entire
society for talents. Firstly, the fixed and unified
education mode rigidifies students' thinking without
providing opportunities for students to develop
various abilities, which is not conducive to the
overall development of students. Secondly, students’
rigid thinking leads to the decline of innovation
capacity, which does not satisfy enterprises’
requirements for basic ability of students, so it
cannot meet the demands of society for talents.
Finally, college students cultivated under this
education system will be rigid and cannot adapt to
the development of enterprises. Thus, stagnation of
enterprise development will directly hinder the
development society and economy, influencing the
future of entire nation.
2.2 Development Situation of
Diversification
With the increasing efforts in higher education
reform in recent years, various achievements begin
to appear, and diversified development is an
important project for higher education reform.
2.2.1 Diversification of Structure, Quality
Standards and School-Running Forms
of Higher Education
Diversification of higher education structure mainly
reflects on more abundant levels, types and forms of
education structure. For example, the different
education levels of undergraduate, master, doctoral
degree can provide society with various talents.
Diversification of school-running system refers to
various and new forms of education. For example,
independent third-grade colleges, technical colleges
and independent institutions in cooperation with
elite schools, can enjoy teaching resources with their
associated schools. Colleges and universities in
collaboration with foreign universities offer
favorable conditions for undergraduate to study
abroad. Diversification of quality standards means
that standards of nation, individual, and profession
for students and teaching are no longer a fixed level.
Different quality standards should be made
according to the actual situation of students and
flexible management on physical and mental
development of students, implementing education
with diversified educational standards.
2.2.2 Financing Diversification of Higher
Education
Attention should be paid to the diversification of
financing channels in higher education. Before the
reform and opening up, the funding source of
Chinese education is mainly from government's
investment. The single sources of funding increased
the financial pressure to government with the
increase of universities, which was not conducive to
the rapid development of universities. Therefore, the
government widened financing channels of higher
education funding after the reform and opening up,
starting to absorb social capital. "Donated funds for
school-running" and "raising funds for school-
running" were encouraged to make private colleges
and universities become an important part of
education in China, thus playing a positive role in
compensating for inadequate education funding of
the government. In addition, China abolished the
system of college tuition at public expense from the
mid-1980s. Self-paying system began to be
implemented in some areas. Since then, college
tuition has become an important way of education
financing. This measure is also adapted to the
development of socialist market economy, becoming
a landmark move in the history of higher education
development.
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3 RESOURCES ALLOCATION
AND CULTIVATION
MEASURES OF HIGHER
EDUCATION
3.1 Status of Resource Allocation in
Higher Education
In recent years, with the development of economy,
higher education reform is continually accelerating
with more abundant education resources and
increasing utilization, marking a new level of
Chinese higher education. However, the resources of
higher education possess particularity—some
problems will arise with its rapid development due
to maladjustment with the whole current economic
and social situation. Moreover, no mature theories
provide guidance for the development of higher
education in the world. As a developing country,
China needs more professional researches to timely
solve the problems, hoping to promote better
development of higher education.
3.1.1 Less Funding of Higher Education
With the deepening of reform and opening up,
economic development level of China is
increasingly higher—the total GDP has been at the
forefront of the world. China is also engaged in
various aspects of reform towards the direction of
developed countries, and the reform of higher
education is a very important aspect. However,
while the fiscal expenditure on higher education in
China has been increased in recent years, it is still
lower than most of other developing countries in the
world. Thus, the level of funds necessary for
development of higher education cannot be satisfied
in China. In this case, major universities use various
means to compete to receive government attention
with more financial support, thus leading to more
waste of education resources.
3.1.2 Scarcity of Teacher Resource in
Higher Education
Excellent teachers are essential for the development
of higher education. However, the excellent faculty
becomes more limited with constant enrollment of
colleges and universities in recent years. Thus, the
growing demand for excellent faculty cannot be
satisfied, resulting in a shortage of higher education
teachers. Moreover, the proportion of teachers is
lower than that of universities’ needs, which is
relatively low compared with world average level.
Shortage of educational resources directly affects
students’ educational level, limiting the
improvement of higher education level. Meanwhile,
it is not conducive to diversification development,
indicating the shortcomings of resources allocation
in higher education.
3.1.3 Significant Regional Differences of
Resource Allocation in Higher
Education
Since the reform and opening up, China has focused
more on development of eastern region. Economic
policies are tilted to eastern region, including
investment in education funding. Funding of higher
education is obviously biased toward economically-
developed eastern regions and major cities such as
Beijing. In contrast to Midwest regions with lack of
education funding, these regions even have a lot of
surplus. Although the economic development of
central and western regions has also been benefited
from the reform and opening up, there is still a large
gap between these regions and the eastern regions.
Government invested significantly lower funding of
higher education to Midwest than eastern regions,
thus leading to imbalance of higher resources
allocation between regions. This imbalance is also
reflected in university enrollment and faculty, which
is another factor resulting in uneven geographical
distribution of educational resources.
3.1.4 Common Waste of Higher Education
Resources
In the application of higher education resources, it’s
common that resources cannot be fully utilized, thus
leading to shorter supply of scarce educational
resources. For example, many colleges and
universities have been keen to merger application
and blind enrollment of constructing school
buildings in recent years, resulting in waste of
educational resources. Lots of teaching resources
such as school buildings have not been fully used.
The waste has led to the lack of higher education
resources, which is the most important factor
restricting the rational allocation of higher education
resources.
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3.2 Status of Resource Allocation in
Higher Education
3.2.1 Increasing the Amount of Higher
Education Resources with
Government’s Help
The economic development level of China has been
constantly improved with the increasing
comprehensive economic strength. However, it
should be realized that the goal—obtaining a more
stable economic position in the competitive world
economy—needs to fundamentally rely on education
and technology. Therefore, the government should
increase investment in education with more total
education resources. Only by increasing the total
resources of higher education can the basic problems
in resources use be solved among major colleges and
universities. In addition to the increase of
government's investment, society and financial
companies should be encouraged to input donation
and investment in higher education. The fund of
higher education resources should be established for
long-term development. Thus, the investment
channel of higher education resources can be
expanded, compensating for the lack of education
funding.
3.2.2 Formulating Reasonable Welfare
Policies to Attract More Teachers
The lack of teachers in higher education resources is
a serious problem. In addition to the limited level of
higher education, the insufficient welfare of higher
education teachers fails to attract more people with
high quality to join the faculty. Therefore,
government should increase the funding of higher
education to expand the faculty while increasing
total resources of higher education. Appropriate
policies should be formulated to improve the welfare
of teachers, thus attracting more outstanding
teachers to expand higher education resources.
3.2.3 Improving Resource Sharing
Mechanism of Higher Education
It is necessary to improve resource sharing
mechanism of higher education under the situation
of imbalanced resource allocation in higher
education. Resource sharing mechanism of higher
education has created a basic policy specification for
resource allocation, providing an assurance for the
investment of higher education resources in the
Midwest. Meanwhile, various resources of the
eastern areas can be transformed to Midwest
regions, achieving resources sharing and integration
of faculty, thus promoting the optimal allocation of
educational resources.
3.2.4 Innovation of University Resources
Cultivation
The total amount of higher education resource is
very limited in China. Thus, higher education
resources cannot be increased according to
traditional methods. More innovative ways on the
cultivation of higher education resources should be
adopted for transformation and integration of
available resource, contributing to the development
of advanced resource in higher education.
Firstly, the resource allocation of higher
education should conform to development law of the
whole educational status, promoting balanced
development of entire higher education. Secondly,
all available opportunities should be seized to enrich
higher education resources. Finally, connotation of
resources, knowledge and culture should be
cultivated in the cultivation of higher education
resources, which is a very important step in the
development of higher education resources.
4 CONCLUSIONS
With continuous development of higher education
reform, diversified development of higher education
becomes more obvious. Diversified development, in
line with the development law of modern society, is
conducive to the development of higher education.
Thus, it should be strongly supported by
government. In addition, irrational allocation of
resources exists in the development of higher
education, greatly hindering the development of
higher education. These problems should be
recognized and improved with reasonable methods,
thus promoting the development of higher education,
making education become inherent power of
national development. Therefore, more energy can
be provided for the development of higher
education.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work was one of staged achievements of Study
on Allocation and Cultivation of Higher Education
Resources from Ecology-Oriented Perspective
(CIA110149), the youth issue of National Social
Science Fund (Education).
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Wang Fayuan, Liu Zaizhou. Principle and Measure on
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