Comparison and Research on the Construction of Chinese Curling
Athletes Special Psychological Ability Index
Pang Xue lin and Zhang Zheng ze
Department of Physical Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
Keywords: Curling, Special Psychological Ability.
Abstract: Based on national curling team and Heilongjiang Province curling athletes psychological testing. The
purpose is to provide the basis for China's curling athletes selection and psychological training. This paper
uses literature data method, questionnaire survey method, psychological measurement, mathematical
statistics of our country outstanding curling athletes special psychological ability of factors were analyzed.
The results of the study show that curling athletes of the special psychological ability by psychological
preparation capacity factor (29.25%) mental state factor (26.41%) pay attention to ability factor (23.34%)
space-time judgment factor (21.07%) constitute. And draw the conclusion: the national team and the
Heilongjiang provincial team athletes in the cognitive and attentional capacity factor, there was no
significant difference, and in mental state factor and self regulatory factors showed significant difference.
1 INTRODUCTION
Curling (curling), originated in the 14th century
Scotland, in team as a unit on the ice of a throwing
event, is the Winter Olympics Games. Because it has
the ornamental and skill, so people have called the
"curling ice chess". Curling is a combination of skill
and intelligence of athletes, projects, technical and
tactical level higher requirements. At the same time,
curling the project is a psychological self against the
strong project, so mental ability of athletes have a
higher requirements. Research shows that: in some
key curling competition, psychological factors affect
the outcome of the game is about 90%. In recent
years, China's curling has achieved good results in
the international competition. But curling sport in
China started relatively late, also has certain
disparity in the selection and training of the athletes,
especially in psychological training needed to
improve. In the past competition, choking
phenomenon, Clark phenomenon and so is because
the players in the game when the emotional stress,
thinking, psychological problems caused by the lack
of psychological problems caused by the technology
play disorders.
A good competitive state is an important
condition for the creation of an athlete. The change
of competitive state depends on many factors, and
the special psychological ability of athletes plays an
important role. This article from the perspective of
mental training of athletes and the material of
special psychological abilities of China's outstanding
curling athletes to study and analysis, trying to find
the special psychological abilities of curling athletes
of different levels, different gender, different
position difference, in order to curling athletes
psychological diagnosis, psychological training,
psychological counselling, study skills, sports
management team and athletes of the material
provided reliable basis.
2 RESEARCH OBJECTS AND
METHODS
2.1 Research Object
National curling team and Heilongjiang Province
curling team, a total of 17 athletes, athletes national
curling team 4, Heilongjiang Province curling team
13 people. Male athletes 9, female athletes 8 people,
average age 23 years old.
2.2 Research Methods
In this paper, we use seven kinds of psychological
scale to test the Athletes. Used the " Attention Test
492
492
Ze Z. and Lin P.
Comparison and Research on the Construction of Chinese Curling Athletes Special Psychological Ability Index.
DOI: 10.5220/0006029204920495
In Proceedings of the Information Science and Management Engineering III (ISME 2015), pages 492-495
ISBN: 978-989-758-163-2
Copyright
c
 2015 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

Psychological Scales" of Yin Hengchan to test
athletes attention ability, Used the “Psychological
Scales of competitive motivation” of Ye Ping Dr. to
test athletes' competitive motivation, Used Yin
Xiaochuan's “scale of elite athlete's willpower” to
test athlete's willpower, Used the “Psychological
Scales of athletes trait self-confidence” to test
athletes' self-confidence, Except for these scales,
there are Martens's "The state anxiety questionnaire
for sports competitions", Ye, Ping's “Sports
cognitive trait anxiety scale”, Zhang Liwei's “pre
game mood scale –T” and so on. strictly according
to the testing rules for operation in the whole testing
process.
3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1 The Construction of the Curling
Athletes Special Mental Ability
Index
This paper used factor analysis method to determine
the factors of special psychological ability of curling
athletes. R type factor analysis was conducted on
eleven psychological indexes of temporal and spatial
judgment, speed perception, attention allocation,
attention shift, competitive motivation, willpower,
sports competition anxiety, cognitive trait anxiety,
self-confidence, attention stability and emotional
stability. Then the characteristic value, the
contribution rate and the cumulative contribution
rate of the factors are obtained. According to the
statistical principle, the selection of the characteristic
value is greater than 1 and the cumulative
contribution rate is higher than 85%. The first 4
factors are the main factors. According to the
characteristics of four main factors were obtained by
initial factor loading matrix, using the variance
maximization of orthogonal rotation, it is concluded
that the rotation of the orthogonal factor matrix (see
Table 1). According to the contribution rate to the
degree of importance of as follows: psychological
preparation capacity factor (29.25%) mental state
factor (26.41%) pay attention to ability factor
(23.34%) space-time judgment ability factor
(21.07%) with these four aspects constitute the
curling athletes of the special psychological ability
of the system.
We call it a mental preparation factor. Mental
preparation is a correct understanding of the athletes,
fully adapted to the game, the psychological ability
to face the game. These indicators can reflect the
curling athletes in the game of mental control ability,
degree of anti-interference ability and attention for
the game. It is the primary psychological ability to
decide the competitive ability. Good mental
preparation ability can be in the tension and intense
competition can give full play to the athletes'
physical ability, skills and tactical ability to create
good results. Lewis Carle, the four gold medal
winner in the Losangeles Olympic Games, said the
US track and field athlete, who said the usual
training was to do physical and technical preparation,
and 90% of the energy used in the game. It is
obvious that the importance of Mental preparation.
Table 1: Curling athletes special psychological ability
elements of rotated factor matrix.
Test index
First
factors
Second
factors
Third
factors
Fourth
factors
Judgment
ability Of time
and space
-.187 .035 -.145 .137
Speed
perception
ability
-.589 .513 .469 .330
Attention
distribution
ability
-.118 -.107 .328 .254
Attention
transfer ability
-.024 .015 .237 -.061
Attention
stability
-.267 -.016 .572 .234
Self-
confidence
.508 .407 .537 .763
willpower .287 .206 . 667 .723
Competitive
motivation
-.310 .717 -.235 .318
Sports
competition
anxiety
-.168 744 .212 .341
Cognitive trait
anxiety
-.250 .533 .349 .391
Emotional
stability
.309 .727 .571 .288
The first factor includes three indicators,
willpower, competitive motivation, self-confidence.
The second factor includes sports competition
anxiety, cognitive trait anxiety, emotional stability.
These indicators are curling athletes to reflect on the
emotional state, is to determine the athletes are
actively involved in the game of the important
indicators we call for Mental state ability factor.
Mental state is the psychological process of the
players in the game to complete or exceed the level
of the game. Obviously, the athlete's good mental
Comparison and Research on the Construction of Chinese Curling Athletes Special Psychological Ability Index
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Comparison and Research on the Construction of Chinese Curling Athletes Special Psychological Ability Index
493

state is one kind of positive mental state, has the
vital significance for the athlete to obtain the good
competition performance. Therefore, coaches,
athletes and athletes psychologists are very
concerned about how to make the athletes in the
game in this state, in order to obtain a good sports
performance.
The third factors include attention stability,
attention shift, attention allocation. They reflect the
curling athletes in the match to the attention of
stability, transfer, distribution, we call for attention
ability factor. Attention is a kind of conscious
adjustment state of psychological activity to
stimulate and make a choice response to it, it plays a
role in adjusting and controlling the information and
processing of the brain. So attention is the regulation
of human activity performance. Nedf thought that
the structure of attention includes two dimensions,
that is, the range and direction of attention. The
characteristics of the curling sport needs to be able
to determine lasting concentration of athletes.
The fourth factor includes the time and space and
speed. They reflect the curling athletes capacity to
perceive objects, they called space-time judgment
factor. Temporal and spatial judgment is the ability
of the athletes to the outside world of the perception
of things is the beginning of the objective things.
The formation of motor skills is also the beginning
of feeling and consciousness. Curling athletes
through on the curling of the moving and rotating
control the speed and direction, on the curling
operation needs a strong spatial and temporal
judgment. The ability to have genetic factors and
training factors.
3.2 Comparison Results of Curling
Athletes Special Psychological
Ability
3.2.1 The Comparison Results of the
National Team Curling Athletes and
Professional Athletes Special Mental
Ability
See the Table 2, Special psychological abilities of
national team and member of the provincial team,
psychological preparation ability and cognitive
decision making ability of the five indicators had no
significant difference. Good psychological
preparation ability and cognitive decision-making
ability is outstanding curling athletes should have
the psychological ability, Whether the national or
provincial team athletes to have such psychological
ability. This is the basis for our selection of athletes.
The mental state and ability to pay attention to the
six indexes had significant differences compared
with the Chinese national team and professional
athletes, the national team is better than the
provincial athlete. Mental state is long years of
competition and training to improve the
psychological ability, apparently the national team
than the strength of the provincial team training and
competition. Therefore, the psychological state of
the ability of the national team athletes and
professional athletes are better than the ability of
attention.
Table 2: the national team and professional athletes special
psychological ability in T test.
Test index
National
athletes
Professional
athletes
T test
willpower
167.14
±22.12
165.09
±23.19
P>0.05
Self-confidence
97.01
±13.18
96.13
±15.01
P>0.05
Competitive
motivation
83.27
±11.77
81.25 ±12.33 P>0.05
Sports
competition
anxiety
72.34
±12.88
85.16
±11.66
P<0.05
Cognitive trait
anxiety
79.14
±11.02
89.13
±15.37
P<0.05
Emotional
stability
99.54
±13.51
90.26
±12.56
P<0.05
Attention
stability
18.73
±2.51
14.21
±2.17
P<0.05
Attention
distribution
166.36
±29.21
143.11
±37.12
P<0.05
Attention shift
89.38
±10.18
73.69
±12.28
P<0.05
Speed
perception
12.17
±1.17
12.26
±1.15
P>0.05
Temporal and
spatial
judgment
92.17
±12.60
91.37
±13.28
P>0.05
3.2.2 Comparative Analysis of Male and
Female Member of the Curling Team
of Special
From the Table 3 can know there is no significant
difference between male and female athletes in the
comparison of mental preparation and psychological
status, This shows that the elite male athletes and
female athletes after years of training have a good
psychological ability. While in the attention ability
and the time and space to judge the ability of the
comparison of the show a significant difference,
Male athletes are better than female athletes, This
may be related to genetic factors. Psychological
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training should enable athletes to understand and
grasp the basic knowledge of sports psychological
skills, training athletes to use their own
psychological skills to control the awareness of self
psychology, learn to use the psychological skills in
training and competition, improve the athletes'
psychological quality and ability, and promote the
growth and perfection of athletes personality.
Table 3: Special psychological ability of male athletes and
female athletes T test.
Test index
male
athlete
female
athlete
T test
willpower
162.5
±22.68
160.70±2
3.88
P>0.05
Self-confidence
95.60
±14.28
93.37
±15.96
P>0.05
Competitive
motivation
81.35
±11.69
82.17
±12.57
P>0.05
Sports
competition
anxiety
76.56
±12.12
77.08
±11.93
P>0.05
Cognitive trait
anxiety
80.77
±19.18
81.32
±24.83
P>0.05
Emotional
stability
95.76
±19.51
94.84
±24.91
P>0.05
Attention
stability
18.03
±2.67
13.80
±2.97
P<0.05
Attention
distribution
161.87
±28.16
140.19±3
4.52
P<0.05
Attention shift
88.44
±10.07
72.16
±13.30
P<0.05
Speed
perception
14.18
±1.06
11.26
±1.18
P<0.05
Temporal and
spatial judgment
94.25
±11.34
87.06
±15.38
P<0.05
4 CONCLUSIONS
The special psychological ability of Chinese curling
athletes by psychological preparation ability factor
and Mental state ability factor and Attention ability
factor and time space judgment ability factor.
There is no significant difference between male
and female athletes in psychological preparation and
psychological status, while male and female athletes
have significant differences in the comparison of
attention ability and time and space.
Curling athletes psychological material should be
the psychological preparation and psychological
state, pay attention to take into account the ability
and the ability to judge the time and space.
REFERENCES
Baumeister, R F., (1986). Showers C J. A review of
paradoxical performance effect Choking under
pressure in sports and mental tests.Europe-an Journal
of Social Psychology 16(7),pp.361-383.
Li, Yiqun, (1988). Clark phenomenon in track and field
competition. Sports Science. (4), pp.28-31. in Chinese.
Yang, Ali, (2010). The psychological training of the single
board U type field team in China, the 2010 Vancouver
Olympics. Journal of Shenyang Sport University 29
(1),pp.26-30 .in Chinese
Note: The Name of Funds
Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for
the Central Universities code:
- HEUCF131601
- HEUCF151603
Communication author: Zhang, Zhengze
Comparison and Research on the Construction of Chinese Curling Athletes Special Psychological Ability Index
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Comparison and Research on the Construction of Chinese Curling Athletes Special Psychological Ability Index
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