Development of Culture-specific Gaze Behaviours of Virtual Agents

Tomoko Koda, Taku Hirano, Takuto Ishioh

2017

Abstract

Gaze plays an important role in human-human communication. Adequate gaze control of a virtual agent is also essential for successful and believable human-agent interaction. Researchers in intelligent virtual agents have developed gaze control models by taking account of gaze duration, frequency and timing of gaze aversion. However, none of them have considered cultural differences in gaze behaviours. We aim to investigate cultural differences in gaze behaviours and their perception, by developing virtual agents with Japanese gaze behaviours, western gaze behaviours, their hybrid gaze behaviours, and full gaze behaviours, and compare their effects on the impressions of the agents and interactions. This position paper proposes our research agenda, describes the implemented gaze models, and our experimental design.

References

  1. Argyle, M., Cook, M. 1976. Gaze and mutual gaze. Cambridge University Press Cambridge.
  2. Bayliss, A., Paul. M., Cannon, P, and Tipper, S. 2006. Gaze cuing and affective judgments of objects: I like what you look at. Psychonomic bulletin & review 13(6), pp. l06l-1066.
  3. Bee, N., Pollock, C., André, E., Walker, M. 2010. Bossy or Wimpy: Expressing Social Dominance by Combining Gaze and Linguistic Behaviors. Procs. of Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA2010), Springer, pp 265-271.
  4. Cafaro, A., Gaito, R., and Vilhjrilmsson, H. 2009. Animating idle gaze in public places. Procs. of Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA2009), Springer, pp. 250- 256.
  5. Cassell, J., Obed E. T., and Prevost, S. 1999. Turn taking versus discourse structure. Machine conversations. Springer US, pp.143-153.
  6. Cook, M. and Smith, M.C. 1975. The Role of Gaze in Impression Formation, Br. J. Clinical Psychology, Vol.14, pp.19-25.
  7. Elzinga, R.H. 1978. Temporal Organization of Conversation, Sociolinguistics Newsletter, 9, 2 (Summer), pp.29-31.
  8. Fukayama, A. et al. 2002. Messages embedded in gaze of interface agents - impression management with agent's gaze. Proc. of the SIGCHI (CHI 7802). ACM, New York, pp.41-48.
  9. Gambi, C., Staudte, M., and Torsten, J. 2015. The role of prosody and gaze in turn-end anticipation. Procs. of the Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
  10. Ishii, R, et al. 2006. Avatar's gaze control to facilitate conversational turn-taking in virtual-space multi-user voice chat system. Proc. of Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'06), Jonathan Gratch et al. (Eds.). SpringerVerlag, Berlin, pp.458-458.
  11. Ishii, R, et al. 2008. Avatar's Gaze Control to Facilitate Conversation in Virtual-Space Multi-User Voice Chat System, Journal of Human Interface Society, 10 (1), pp. 87-94, 2008. (in Japanese).
  12. Koda, T., Ogura, M, and Matsui, Y. 2016. Shyness Level and Sensitivity to Gaze from Agents? Are Shy People Sensitive to Agent's Gaze? Proc. of Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2016), 2016 (in press).
  13. Lee, J., Marsella, S., Traum, D., Gratch, J., and Lance, B. 2007. The rickel gaze model: A window on the mind of a virtual human. Proc. of Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2007), Springer, pp. 296-303.
  14. Mayo, C., and La France, M. 1978. Gaze Direction in Interracial Dyadic Communication. Meeting of Eastan Psychological Association. in Harper, R.G. et al.
  15. Pelachaud, C., and Bilvi, M. 2003. Modelling gaze behavior for conversational agents. Proc. of Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2003), Springer, pp. 93-100.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Koda T., Hirano T. and Ishioh T. (2017). Development of Culture-specific Gaze Behaviours of Virtual Agents . In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence - Volume 1: ICAART, ISBN 978-989-758-219-6, pages 291-295. DOI: 10.5220/0006229402910295


in Bibtex Style

@conference{icaart17,
author={Tomoko Koda and Taku Hirano and Takuto Ishioh},
title={Development of Culture-specific Gaze Behaviours of Virtual Agents},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence - Volume 1: ICAART,},
year={2017},
pages={291-295},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0006229402910295},
isbn={978-989-758-219-6},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence - Volume 1: ICAART,
TI - Development of Culture-specific Gaze Behaviours of Virtual Agents
SN - 978-989-758-219-6
AU - Koda T.
AU - Hirano T.
AU - Ishioh T.
PY - 2017
SP - 291
EP - 295
DO - 10.5220/0006229402910295